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• ______ – JFK’s concern that by 1960 the Soviet Union had more nuclear missiles and we were vulnerable to attack
• ______ – for the first time ever these were televised live and Kennedy was looked at as the winner on TV while Nixon (who was fighting illness) won on the radio.
• ______ – the name given to Kennedy’s legislative agenda which included getting young people involved in service to the nation (ask not what this country can do for you….)
• ______ – looked to gain more equal rights for women including getting rid of discrimination of pay based on gender.
• ______ – Chief Justice of the Supreme Court which was very active during this time on issues such as segregation, civil rights, freedom of the press, separation of church and state and reapportionment (one man, one vote)
• ______ – rights that the accused has that are protected by the Constitution including knowing what you are accused of, right to a lawyer and a trail by judge or jury.
Ch 23 Sec 1: The New Frontier
Intro 2
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Textbook Assignment (pp.718-723)
1) How did television have a great impact on the 1960 Presidential election?
2) What was the “Kennedy Mystique” and how did it make his presidency seem different from his predecessors?
3) How did the Kennedy Administration address the issues of women during his presidency?
4) What kind of decisions did the Warren Court make during the 1960s when it came to issues such as “One Man, One Vote”, “Due Process” and “Prayer and Privacy”?
Section 1: The New Frontier
Intro 2
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Chapter Objectives
• Summarize Kennedy’s economic policies.
• Explain why Congress often did not support Kennedy’s proposals.
Section 1: The New Frontier
Section 1-1
Guide to Reading
John F. Kennedy encountered both success and setbacks on the domestic front.
• missile gap
Main Idea
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Key Terms and Names
• New Frontier • Earl Warren
• reapportionment
• due process
Section 1-4
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The Election of 1960
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• The 1960 presidential election began the era of television politics.
• Voters began using this medium as a voting tool.
(pages 718–719)(pages 718–719)
The Election of 1960
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• The Democratic candidate, John F. Kennedy, was a Catholic from a wealthy Massachusetts family.
• Republican candidate Richard Nixon was a Quaker from a financially struggling family.
(pages 718–719)(pages 718–719)
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• During the campaign, Democrats spent over $6 million in television and radio ads, while Republicans spent over $7.5 million.
The Election of 1960 (cont.)
(pages 718–719)(pages 718–719)
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• The campaign focused on the economy and Cold War.
• Kennedy felt the United States faced a threat from the Soviets and showed concern about a “missile gap,” in which it was believed the United States was behind the Soviets in weaponry.
The Election of 1960 (cont.)
(pages 718–719)(pages 718–719)
• Nixon believed the Republican administration was on the right track with its foreign policy.
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• The televised debates had a strong influence on the outcome of the election.
The Election of 1960 (cont.)
(pages 718–719)(pages 718–719)
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The Election of 1960 (cont.)
(pages 718–719)(pages 718–719)
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The Election of 1960 (cont.)
(pages 718–719)(pages 718–719)
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• Kennedy won in what was one of the closest elections in history.
The Election of 1960 (cont.)
(pages 718–719)(pages 718–719)
FYI 1-1a
The 1960 vote was so close that Nixon considered demanding a recount, but then decided against it. He explained that if there were a recount, “the organization of the new administration and the orderly transfer of responsibility from the old to the new might be delayed for months. The situation within the entire federal government would be chaotic.”
The big concern was the VERY close numbers in Texas (which could have been influenced by Lyndon Johnson) and Illinois (which could have been influenced by Mayor Richard Daley and/or Organized Crime).
A “Fair” election?
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• Some conspiracy theories argue that JFK’s assassination may be linked to the election of 1960.
• With close results in Chicago, some feel that JFK got help from organized crime and when he became President, he turned his back to them as Attorney General Robert Kennedy prosecuted them.
Kennedy killed by the mob?
This feature is found on pages 704–705 of your textbook.This feature is found on pages 704–705 of your textbook.
Presidential Facts of John F. KennedyCollege: Harvard
Height: 6’1”
Religion: Roman Catholic
Children: one daughter, two sons
Previous Political Offices: US House of Representatives; US Senator
First President born in the 20th century
…..who was a boy scout
…..to serve in the Navy
…..to win the Pulitzer Prize
…..to be a Catholic
…..to have both parents survive him
….to name a relative to a cabinet post (Bobby Kennedy as Attorney General)
This feature is found on pages 704–705 of your textbook.This feature is found on pages 704–705 of your textbook.
Fun Presidential Facts of John F. KennedySign: Gemini
Nickname: Man of the New Frontier, Man of the 60s, Jack the Zipper
Presidential Theme: “The New Frontier”
Favorite Musical: “Camelot”
Other Notes of Interest….
Suffered from Addison’s disease
Not only had numerous affairs, but many were national risks. While in the navy he dated a woman who had Nazi ties, while President had an affair with a mafia leader’s mistress and a European woman with communist ties.
Often talked with friends about how easy it would be to kill the President of the United States and there was no way to stop it.
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The Kennedy Mystique• John Kennedy’s youth, optimism, and charisma
inspired Americans.
(pages 719–720)(pages 719–720)
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The Kennedy Mystique• In his Inaugural Address, Kennedy told Americans,
“ask not what your country can do for you–ask what you can do for your country.”
(pages 719–720)(pages 719–720)
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The Kennedy Mystique
• Kennedy was the first president to broadcast his press conferences live on television.
(pages 719–720)(pages 719–720)
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Success and Setback on the Domestic Front
• With his new legislative agenda, known as the New Frontier, Kennedy hoped to increase aid to education, provide health insurance to the elderly, create a Department of Urban Affairs, and help migrant workers.
(pages 720–721)(pages 720–721)
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Success and Setback on the Domestic Front
• Kennedy was unsuccessful in pushing through many of his domestic programs even though the Democratic Party had large majorities in both houses of Congress.
(pages 720–721)(pages 720–721)
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Success and Setback on the Domestic Front (cont.)
• Many Republicans and conservative Southern Democrats felt the New Frontier was too costly.
• Congress defeated many of Kennedy’s proposals.
• Kennedy advocated the New Deal strategy of deficit spending that had been implemented during Roosevelt’s presidency.
(pages 720–721)(pages 720–721)
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Success and Setback on the Domestic Front (cont.)
• Congress was convinced to invest more funds for defense and space exploration to create more jobs and encourage economic growth.
• Kennedy also boosted the economy through increased business production and efficiency.
(pages 720–721)(pages 720–721)
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Success and Setback on the Domestic Front (cont.)
• Kennedy helped the women’s movement during the 1960s.
• He created a Presidential Commission on the Status of Women, calling for federal action against gender discrimination and affirming the right of women to equally paid employment.
(pages 720–721)(pages 720–721)
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Warren Court Reforms• Social issues were a focus during Kennedy’s time in
office.• Earl Warren, Chief Justice of
the United States since Eisenhower’s presidency, and the Warren Court took on a much more activist tone, which helped shape national policy.
• The Warren Court took a stand on several key issues, such as the civil rights movement, freedom of the press, separation of church and state, and the rights of the accused. (pages 721–723)(pages 721–723)
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• Many of these decisions are still being argued today.
• One of the Warren Court’s most important decisions involved reapportionment, or the way in which states draw up political districts based on changes in population.
• The Warren Court decided on the principle of “one man, one vote,” which required state legislatures to reapportion electoral districts so that all citizens’ votes would have equal weight.
Warren Court Reforms (cont.)
(pages 721–723)(pages 721–723)
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• During the 1960s, the U.S. Supreme Court used the Fourteenth Amendment to apply the Bill of Rights to the states.
• Due process required that the law not treat an individual unfairly, arbitrarily, or unreasonably, and that courts must follow proper procedures and rules when trying a case.
Warren Court Reforms (cont.)
(pages 721–723)(pages 721–723)
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• The issue of separation between church and state was reaffirmed when the Court ruled that states could not compose official prayers and require prayer in public schools.
• The decisions of the Warren Court were favored by some while opposed by others, but the Court had an immense role in shaping national policy.
Warren Court Reforms (cont.)
(pages 721–723)(pages 721–723)
M/C 1-1
End of Section 1
