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Getting the most out of short supply: optimising energy efficiency measures at national level Csutora Mária, PhD, BCE

Getting the most out of short supply: optimising energy efficiency measures at national level

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Getting the most out of short supply: optimising energy efficiency measures at national level. Csutora Mária, PhD, BCE. Framework. “Sustainable production, consumption and communication” project of five research institutions and universitties, financed by the Norway grants. Methodology: - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Page 1: Getting the most out of short supply: optimising energy efficiency measures at national level

Getting the most out of short supply: optimising energy efficiency measures at national level

Csutora Mária, PhD, BCE

Page 2: Getting the most out of short supply: optimising energy efficiency measures at national level

Szervezeti egység

Framework

“Sustainable production, consumption and communication” project of five research institutions and universitties, financed by the Norway grants.

Methodology:– cost benefit analysis– a former study, Economics of GHG Mitigation, UNEP

RISO project, 1997

Page 3: Getting the most out of short supply: optimising energy efficiency measures at national level

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Energy saving options are crucial:

In reducing the import dependency of energy supply, especially natural gas

In reducing GHG emission and other pollution In supporting sustainability of consumption

Page 4: Getting the most out of short supply: optimising energy efficiency measures at national level

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Questions to be asked What is a relistic and feasible potential for energy savings

options in the residential and communal sectors in Hungary?

How high are social costs of implementation?Should we invest in energy savings or in expanded energy production?

Can energy savings options be regarded as real alternatives to expanded energy production (new power stations)? How much energy could we save at what cost?

How should we allocate limited financial resouces in order to achieve the highest level of energy reduction at national level? Which options should we subsidize?

Page 5: Getting the most out of short supply: optimising energy efficiency measures at national level

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Private costs vs social costs Price corrections are applied Social costs include externalities Subsidies are social costs Indirect taxes are not included in social costs

We use social discount rate (STPR) instead of private one

Page 6: Getting the most out of short supply: optimising energy efficiency measures at national level

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Total social cost of energy saving options

Unit costHUF/PJ

Energy saved (PJ)

MAC social Total social costs of

energy savings options

Page 7: Getting the most out of short supply: optimising energy efficiency measures at national level

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Cost curve for discrete options

Cos

t, H

UF

/ene

rgy

save

d

energy savings from option No.7

Social cost of option No.7

Page 8: Getting the most out of short supply: optimising energy efficiency measures at national level

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Energy savings options

Most promising options

Energy saved

Marginal social cost of energy savings options

Page 9: Getting the most out of short supply: optimising energy efficiency measures at national level

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MAC changes with time

Unit costHUF/PJ

Energy saved (PJ)

MAC0 social

The effect of increasing energy prices MAC1 social

Page 10: Getting the most out of short supply: optimising energy efficiency measures at national level

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Implementation is likely

Private and social marginal cost curve

Unit cost

Energy saved

Implementation is less likely

ΣMAC private MAC social

Implementation

assumessubsidies

Page 11: Getting the most out of short supply: optimising energy efficiency measures at national level

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Options to be analysed Residential and communal options: Changes of windows Supplementary insulation of basements, roofsand walls (by building categories) Programozható termosztát More efficient boilers Using high tech appliances in an efficient way Bioethanol and biodiesel? CFL bulbs, luminaires napkollektor

Page 12: Getting the most out of short supply: optimising energy efficiency measures at national level

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Supplementary materials

Page 13: Getting the most out of short supply: optimising energy efficiency measures at national level

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Assumptions

Energy prices Penetration level Realistic options Projects with synergic effects Social and private discount rates External costs

Page 14: Getting the most out of short supply: optimising energy efficiency measures at national level

Szervezeti egység

Az ellátásbiztonság és a fenntarthatóság DPSIR köre

HatótényezőkFogyasztás növekedéseFosszilis energiahordozókra való támaszkodás

Terhelés:ÜHG kibocsátás,szennyezés

Hatótényezők: -Fogyasztás növekedéseFosszilis energiahordozók Magas és növekvő importfüggőségAlacsony diverzifikációMagas energiaintenzitás

Állapot:Magas ÜHG koncentrációKlímaváltozás

Hatás:Aszályok, árvíz, stb.

Ellátás-biztonsági problémák

Magas árak hiány, politikai problémák

VálaszokKözös energia piac, KészletezésKapacitásbővítés

VálaszokKörnyezet-tudatosságMegújuló energiaforrásokHelyi erőforrásokEnergiahatékonyságEnergiamegtakarítás

Ellátás biztonság köre Fenntarthatóság köre

Page 15: Getting the most out of short supply: optimising energy efficiency measures at national level

Szervezeti egység

External costs of electricity production in EU-25, 1990 and 2004 - low estimate (European Environmental Agency)

http://themes.eea.europa.eu/Sectors_and_activities/energy/indicators/EN35%2C2007.04/fig1a.gif/view

Page 16: Getting the most out of short supply: optimising energy efficiency measures at national level

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Page 17: Getting the most out of short supply: optimising energy efficiency measures at national level

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The external costs in the above two figures are based upon the sum of three components associated with the production of electricity: climate change damage costs associated with

emissions of CO2; damage costs (such as impacts on health, crops etc) associated with other air pollutants (NOx, SO2,

NMVOCs, PM10, NH3), and other non-environmental social costs for non-fossil electricity-generating technologies. The

external costs from nuclear have to be treated with caution, as only parts of the externalities are included. The costs reflect to a

large extent the small amount of emissions of CO2 and air pollutants, and the low risk of accidents.

Page 18: Getting the most out of short supply: optimising energy efficiency measures at national level

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Market price and lifecycle costs

Page 19: Getting the most out of short supply: optimising energy efficiency measures at national level

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Theoretical background

Mely esetekben szolgálja az energiahatékonyság növelése a környezeti hatások csökkenését?– Rebound és backfire effects: az energiahatékonyságból származó

jövedelmi hatás erősebb, mint a hatékonyság javulásának hatása: nő az energiaigény

– A hatékonyság javítása csak az energiakínálat korlátozása mellett vezet a környezeti hatások csökkentéséhez

– Az energiahatékonyság javításának célja a jóllét megőrzése a környezeti hatások csökkentése mellett (nem pedig a „fenntartható növekedés”)

Page 20: Getting the most out of short supply: optimising energy efficiency measures at national level

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Dealing with backfire effect

Limited supply of energy Integrated regulation efforts (regulation encourages

energy efficiency options and increased use of energy at the same time)

Fighting against “silly” solutions