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“Getting inside of your head”
Behaviorism
• Only examines data that is public and observable– Introspection is unimportant
• Personality = What you actually do– Traits, UCS, CS experiences, do not matter– Only B data matter
Behaviorism
• What determines personality?
• The observed environment– Not hidden process inside the mind
Behaviorism
• All that matters is
1) A persons behavior
2) A persons environment
Philosophical Roots
• Empiricism– Everything you know comes from experience
• Tabula Rasa
• Note how this is different than other approaches
Philosophical Roots
• Associationism
• Two things become associated into one if they are repeatedly experienced close together
Philosophical Roots
Book Noise
Philosophical Roots
Lightning Thunder
Philosophical Roots
Philosophical Roots
• Both empiricism and associatoinism are all that is needed to explain all knowledge
• Even complex ideas can be seen as combinations of simple ideas– Reductionism
David Hume John Locke Thomas Hobbes
Philosophical Roots
• One last element is missing
• What makes you go?
• Why do people behave at all?
Philosophical Roots
• Hedonism
• People learn in order to– 1) Seek pleasure– 2) Avoid pain
Philosophical Roots
• 1) Empiricism
• 2) Associationism
• 3) Hedonism
Behaviorism
• “Give me a dozen healthy infants, well-formed, and my own specified world to bring them up and I'll guarantee to take any one at random and train him to become any type of specialist I might select--doctor, lawyer, merchant-chief, and yes, even beggarman and thief, regardless of his talents, penchants, tendencies, or abilities”
Learning
• A stable change in behavior as a function of one’s experience with the environment
• What learning is not– the acquisition of knowledge
Environment BehaviorLearning
Types of Learning
• 1) Habituation
• 2) Classical Conditioning
• 3) Operant Conditioning
Habituation
• Why do you jump less each time?
• You learned!
• Simplest type of learning
Habituation
• The initial response can be maintained if the stimulus is changed or increased with each exposure
Classical Conditioning
Why do you get anxious at the sight of a balloon and a pen?
Why do you cringe when you see fingernails and a chalk board?
Ivan Pavlov
Classical Conditioning
• Condition – “learned”
• Stimulus– a condition that elicits a response
• Response– a behavior done after the stimulus
Classical Conditioning
• Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS)
• Unconditioned Response (UCR)
• Conditioned Stimulus (CS)
• Conditioned Response (CR)
Classical Conditioning
Balloon
• Figure out the:
• Neutral Stimulus
• UCS
• UCR
• CS
• CR
Classical Conditioning in Dating
• Make women/men love you!
• Figure out the:
• Neutral Stimulus• UCS• UCR• CS• CR
Classical Conditioning in Dating
Neutral Stimulus No response
Classical Conditioning in Dating
UCS UCR
Classical Conditioning in Dating
Neutral Stimulus UCR
and UCS
Classical Conditioning in Dating
CS CR
Classical Conditioning in Dating
Day 1
But. . .
Classical Conditioning in Dating
Day 2
But. . .
Classical Conditioning in Dating
Day 100
But. . .
Classical Conditioning in Dating
Day 150
Extinction
But. . .
Or
Or
Or
Or
Second-order conditioning
Something paired with the CS can itself begin to elicit the response
Or
Or
Or
Or
Stimulus Generalization
Stimuli like the CS well tend to elicit the same response as the CS
Questionnaire
Group Activity
• Why do you think a person might have social phobia?
• How would you cure a person with this problem?
Classical Conditioning
• Social Anxiety– Social Phobia
• General Anxiety– Learned helplessness
Classical Conditioning
• Example: Little Albert
Classical Conditioning
• Phobias
• Typically occur through association– The feared object is paired
with an unpleasant feelings
• Flooding• Systematic desensitization
Classical Conditioning
Food
Deliver good news not bad news