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The biggest population in the EU.

Germany is the largest economy the European Union

Area: 357,114 sq. km. (137,846 sq. mi.)

Capital--Berlin (population about 3.41 million). Population (January 1, 2010 estimate): 81,767,600.

Language: German.

Education: Years compulsory--10; attendance--100%;

literacy--99%. Health: life expectancy (2008 est.)--women 82.26 years,

men 76.11 years.

Persons employed (April 2009): 39.88 million.

Introduction

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Labor Law

y Work permit or residence permit

y Requires a tax card (city/regional authority) and social securitynumber (pension insurance institution)

y Employer registers the employee and assist them to obtain

social security number and identity card

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Labor Regulationsy Germany has one of the most highly regulated labor markets in

the world, with its Labor law designed to protect employees.

Whether or not an employment contract exists, all employees

have basic rights to:

- holidays

- sick pay

- chose to work part-time

- receive training

- receive maternity/paternity leave and related

employment protection

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Economic system

y Germany is the most important market in Europe. GDP is

EUR 2.407,2 billion (2009)

y The fourth largest in the world with the largest grossdomestic product (GDP)

Important sectors

y Automobile construction, mechanical engineering, electricalengineering, chemicals, environmental technology, fine

mechanics, optics, medical technology, biotechnology and

genetic engineering, nano technology, aerospace, logistics

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Education Systemy Pre-higher education (6-10)

y Lower Secondary(10-15)

y Hauptschuley Gesamtschule

y Realschule

y Higher Secondary(16 -19)

y Certificate/diploma awarded: Allgemeine Hochschulreife

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Political System

y The government is Parliamentary, and a democraticconstitution emphasizes the protection of individualliberty and division of powers in a federal structure.

y The chancellor (prime minister) heads the executive

branch of the federal government. The duties of thepresident (chief of state) are largely ceremonial; thechancellor exercises executive power.

y The Bundestag (lower, principal chamber of theparliament) elects the chancellor. The president is elected

every 5 years on May 23 by the Federal Assembly, a bodyconvoked only for this purpose, comprising the entireBundestag and an equal number of state delegates.President Horst Koehler (Christian Democratic Union -

CDU) was re-elected on May 23, 2009.

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Political Partiesy Christian Democratic Union/Christian Social Union

(CDU/CSU).

y

Social Democratic Party (SPD).y Free Democratic Party (FDP).

y The Left.

y Others parties

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German Social Welfare Systemy Unemployment insurance

y Health care insurance

yPension insurance

y Long-term care insurance

y Social assistance

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y The history of the modern German health care system can bebest be described according to the major periods in Germanhistory:

Industrialization

the introduction of mandatory health insurance (on a nationallevel) in 1883, social conflicts and doctors victories during theEmpire and Weimar Republic

y

18831933.y The national-socialist period 19331945, the post-war period

19451949 which resulted in two separate German states and areunified Germany since 1990.

Healthcare System

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y Key feature of the health care delivery system in Germany is

the clear institutional separation between the publicly provided

public health services, primary and secondary ambulatory care

through office-basedphysicians and hospital care which has

traditionally been confined to inpatient care.

y Public health services

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Health care system Supervision of employees in health care institutions

prevention and monitoring of communicable diseases

y

Supervision of commercial activities involving food,pharmaceuticals and drugs

y Certain areas of environmental hygiene counselling inhealth and social matters providing community-oriented(social) psychiatric services

y Health education and promotion

y Physical examinations of school children and certainother groups.

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y Primary and secondary ambulatory health care

y All ambulatory care, including both primary care and

outpatient secondary care, has been organized almostexclusively on the basis of office-based physicians.

y The majority of physicians have a solo practice only around

25% share a practice. Their premises, equipment and personnel

are financed by the physicians.

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y Secondary and tertiary hospital care

y German hospitals concentrate on inpatient care. Only

university hospitals have formal outpatient facilities,originally for research and teaching purposes.

y Recently, their role in providing highly specialized careon an ambulatory basis (e.g. for outpatient

chemotherapy) has been recognized through specialcontracts with the sickness funds.

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y Social care is delivered by a broad variety of mainly privateorganizations who complement family and lay support forthe elderly, the mentally ill and for physically and/or

mentally handicapped.y Funding is generally based on the principle of subsidiarity

with a priority of private (out-of-pocket or insurance) overpublic subsistence.

y Local communities contribute a greater share of themonetary and to a smaller degree service benefits insocial care because recipients are often not entitled toemployment based insurance benefits.

y Insurance benefits do not cover the needs.

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TACK!