Upload
centro-studi-galileo
View
319
Download
4
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
© Cemafroid
XV CONVEGNO EUROPEO
Milano 7 & 8 of June 2013
Gérald CAVALIER
F-Gases in refrigerated transports :
rationale and perspectives
© Cemafroid
ІContent
• Refrigerated transport fleets– In the world, in Europe– Regulations and context
• Refrigerated transport equipment– Typology of refrigeration units– F-gases use in transport refrigeration
• Challenges for transport refrigeration– Available technologies– Agenda
© Cemafroid
ІRefrigerated transport in the world• In the world
– 4 million terrestrial equipment (RTOC 2010)
– 500 000 reefer marine containers (RTOC 2010)
– 1 equipment for 1750 inhabitants
• In Europe– 1,1 terrestrial equipment in U.E.– 1 equipment for 450 inhabitants
• In China– 100 000 equipment– 1 equipment for 13 000 inhabitants
• In India– 6 000 equipment (NCCD 2012)
– 1 equipment for 200 000 inhabitants
In a few words
© Cemafroid
ІRefrigerated transport in the world
• Mature markets in developped countries– Renewal of the fleet
• 10 to 12% per year
– Evolution of pratices • Urban delivery• Massification• New products : health,…
• Exploding markets in developping countries– Cold chain development – Transport companies equipment– growth of the fleet
Tendancies
© Cemafroid
ІRefrigerated transport in Europe
• ATP for international transport– Minimum performances for
insulation– Minimum refrigeration capacity
• F-Gas– Not in application for transport– In project for the revision
• Should apply in 2014• For all equipment or only the
autonomous ?
• Environmental impact– Ecodesign– Impact of transport– Carbon footprint
Context and regulations
© Cemafroid
ІRefrigerated transport in France
• ATP mandatory for all equipment– For Perishables and Pharmaceuticals
• Except for less than 80km, vegetables…
– A total fleet of some 150 000 • Some 130 000 ATP equipment
• A centralised system : DATAFRIG®– All equipment inside : more than 300 000– Detailled and reliable information since
2005-• Insulated bodies, Refrigeration units• F-Gazes (name, load)
– More than 600 users
• F-Gaz extended to refrigerated transport– All equipment over 2kg of HFC
© Cemafroid
ІRefrigerated transport equipment
• Vans and car derivated vans– Inserted insulation– External body insulation– Less than 3,5 tons
• Trucks– Body works– Few internal insulation– 3,5 to 29 t
• Trailers and semi trailers– Semi trailers over 26 t– Trailers together with a truck
Refrigerated transport type
© Cemafroid
ІRefrigerated transport equipment
• Refrigeration technologies– 96% of vapour compression
systems with air blowned evaporators
– 4 % of vapour compression systems with eutectic evaporators
– Few others : cryogenics…
• Autonomy regarding the vehicle– 55% non autonomous
• Mainly vans
– 45 % autonomous • Trucks trailers and semi trailers
Transport refrigeration units
© Cemafroid
ІMarket analysis and segmentation
• Mono and multi-compartment equipment– Since 1994 multitemp units– Dedicated to distribution – Fixed or movable bulkheads
Refrigerated transport equipments produced
© Cemafroid
ІTransport refrigeration solutionsTransport refrigeration units available on the market
refrigeration unit type name
refrigeration principle
refrigerantssecondary
fluidmain energy
source
additionnal energy source
(fans….)
standby option
Battery unitsvapor compression
systemHFC (R134a) no
electricity supply from the
vehicleno yes
Motor driven units mono-tempvapor compression
system
HFC (R134a, R404a, R410,
R407)no
pulley on the vehicle engine
electricity supply from the
vehicleyes
Diesel units mono-tempvapor compression
system
HFC (R134a, R404a, R410,
R407)no diesel engine no yes
Generator unit mono-tempvapor compression
system
HFC (R134a, R404a, R410,
R407)no
specific generator
mounted on the engine of the
vehicle
no yes
Eutectic units with plates or tubes mono-température
vapor compression system
HFC (R404a, R410, R407)
eutectic fluid in tube or pipes
electricity no N/A
Direct Cryogenics cryogenic effect liquid N2 no liquid N2 gas no
Indirect Cryogenics cryogenic effect liquid N2 or C02 no liquid N2 or C02 gas no
Dry ice cryogenic effect Solid C02 no Solid C02 battery for fans no
Eutectic plates eutetiadepending of the
cold room eutectic fluid in tube or pipes
electricity no no
Absorption or adsorption unitsadsorption ou
absorptionNH3, H2O, … no electricity no N/A
energy sourcesrefrigeration system
© Cemafroid
ІF-Gaz in transport refrigeration
• Refrigerant fluids in Europe
– More than 95% of R404A– Some 4% R134a– Few others : R410a, …
• Eutectic solutions– Eutectic point at -35°C or at -26°C
Transport refrigeration units
© Cemafroid
ІF-Gaz in transport refrigeration
• F-Gas loads in transport refrigeration units
– Average load : 3,86 kg/unit
– CO2 equivalent in transport equipment
• Average of 13,5 tons CO2 per equipment
• Total load for 1,1 million equipment– Some 4 246 t of HFCs among in UE
• more than 4 000 t of R404A
– Some 16 Millions of potential Tons equivalent CO2
Transport refrigeration units
average (kg) total load (kg) average (kg) total load (kg)Autonomous equipment 6,68 26 180 6,58 35 896 Motor driven equipment 1,62 9 317 1,63 11 154
year 2010 year 2011Average refrigerated load
© Cemafroid
ІRefrigeration alternatives
• New fluids ?• CO2 ?
• Absorption ?• Cryogenics?
• Indirect refrigeration?
1953
2010
2010
2030197
0
© Cemafroid
ІConclusion
• Refrigerated transport– The sector with the highest impact of
R404a ban with 95% of the load
• Solutions– Partial solutions ready :
• Cryogenic
– General solutions at medium term 2025• CO2, …
• Challenges– Built an agenda compatible with – Development of new reliable solutions
• And– Prevent the use of counterfeit refrigerants
© Cemafroid
ІThank you for your attention !
Gérald CAVALIERPresident of Cemafroid group
Cemafroid5, avenue des prés
CS 2002994 266 Fresnes
www.cemafroid.frTel : 01 49 84 84 84