Georgian P ress (Jersey) L im ited

P irouet H ouse

Union S treet

St H elier

Jersey JE4 8ZQ

Channel Islands

www .georgianpress.co.uk

© C lare W est 1995, 2002

F irst published by G eorgian P ress (Jersey) L im ited 1995

R eprinted six tim es

This revised ed ition first published 2002

R eprinted 2004, 2005, 2007

ISBN 978-1-873630-58-7 (w ith rem ovable key)

N o u n a u th o r is e d p h o to c o p y in g

A ll righ ts reserved . N o part o f th is book m ay be reproduced, stored in a

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D raw ings by M artyn Ford

Printed in Egypt by International P rin ting H ouse

CON TEN TS

IN T R O D U C T IO N 6

S E C T IO N 1 G R AM M AR

1 A rticles and uncountab les 8

2 P resen t tenses 11

3 M odal verbs 14

4 The fu ture 18

5 R e c y c l i n g 20

6 Past tenses 23

7 G erund and in fin itive 26

8 Conditionals, w ishes and regrets 29

9 Passives 32

10 R e c y c l i n g 35

11 Reported speech 38

12 L ink ing w ords and discourse m arkers 41

13 R elative clauses 45

14 A dverbs 48

15 R e c y c l i n g 51

16 V erb inversion 54

17 Com parison and sim ilarity 57

18 Particip les 60

19 Ad jectives 63

20 R e c y c l i n g 66

21 Prepositions 69

22 D ifficu lt verbs 72

23 T ransform ation 75

24 D ependent prepositions 78

25 R e c y c l i n g 81

S E C T IO N 2 P H R A SA L V E R B S

26 Phrasa l verbs w ith d o w n 84

27 Phrasal verbs w ith a fte r , b a ck and a b o u t 86

28 Phrasal verbs w ith o f f 88

29 Phrasal verbs w ith th ro u g h , f o r and b y 90

30 R e c y c l i n g 92

31 Phrasal verbs w ith u p 94

32 Phrasa l verbs w ith o u t 96

33 Phrasal verbs w ith o v er , a p a r t and w ith 98

34 Phrasa l verbs w ith o n 100

35 R e c y c l i n g 102

36 Phrasa l verbs w ith a w a y , a c ro ss and a r o u n d 104

37 Phrasa l verbs w ith in an d in to 106

38 T hree -pa rt ph ra sa l v erbs 108

39 Phrasa l v erbs as n ouns 110

40 R e c y c l i n g 112

S E C T IO N 3 V O C A B U L A R Y

41 E -m a il and the in te rn et 114

42 T he m ed ia and the arts 116

43 Success and fam e 118

44 A n im a ls and th e ir r igh ts 120

45 Language 122

46 M ed ic in e and h ea lth 124

47 D anger and r isk 126

48 The env ironm ent 128

49 R igh t and w rong 130

50 M oney and finan ce 132

51 R e c y c l i n g 134

52 U K governm ent 136

53 C on flict and revenge 138

54 T echno logy and p rogress 140

55 W ork and study 142

56 D iffe ren t lifes ty les 144

57 B e lie f and superstit ion 146

58 T im e and m em ory 148

59 T rave lling and transport 150

60 B ooks and read ing 152

61 L aw and o rder 154

62 R e c y c l i n g 156

S E C T IO N 4 W O R D S T U D Y

63 H um our, puns and jo k es 160

64 Id iom s 163

65 P roverbs and sim iles 166

66 N ew spaper language 169

67 B orrow ed w ords 170

68 W ords w ith tw o o r m ore m ean ings 172

69 C on fu s ing w ords 174

70 Spe llin g and punctua tion 176

71 R e c y c l i n g 179

4

72 C ollocations 182

73 N ew language 185

74 P lura l and fem in ine form s 188

75 P refixes and suffixes 190

76 False ft iends and w ord pairs 192

77 W ays o f w alk ing, ta lk ing , look ing and laugh ing 195

78 W ays o f h o ld ing and pu lling 198

W ords for light, w ater and fire

79 R e c y c l i n g 201

SE C T IO N 5 W R IT IN G

80 F orm al letters 204

81 In form al letters 207

82 N otes, m essages and postcards 209

83 Instructions and directions 212

84 A rticles, reports and proposals 214

85 D escriptive and narrative w riting 217

86 N otices and leaflets 219

87 D iscursive essays 222

88 R eview s and short stories 225

89 H elp w ith w riting tasks 229

90 Add itiona l w rit ing tasks 230

A P P E N D IX o f g ramm ar and m odel w rit ing tasks 232

The K ey beg ins on page 241 o f the W ith K ey edition.

IN T R O D U C T IO N

R e c y c lin g A d v a n c e d E n g lis h is fo r studen ts a t advanced level w ho w ish to

im prove th e ir genera l E ng lish and /or prepare fo r the C am bridge C ertifica te in

A dvanced E nglish (CAE ) o r th e rev ised C ertificate o f P ro fic iency in E ng lish (CPE ).

It can b e u sed to supp lem ent any cou rsebook a t th is level, and is su itab le fo r use in

the classroom , fo r h om ew ork , o r (in the case o f the W ith K ey ed ition ) fo r self-study.

T he b ook a im s to prov ide :

• coverage o f the five m a in a reas o f d ifficu lty a t advan ced leve l - g ramm ar,

ph rasa l verbs, v ocabu lary , w ord s tu dy and w riting

• con c ise, c lear ly -p resen ted exp lanation s

• exten s ive p ractice o f each p o in t covered

• a s trong e lem en t o f re cy c lin g

• a u ser -fr iend ly , a ttra ctive layou t, so th a t the m ateria l is a ccessib le and a

p leasure to use

• a va rie ty o f exercise types w h ich are n o t exam -specific

• exam ples o f a ll th e CAE and rev ised CPE task -types fo r P apers 2 and 3

• an append ix o f u se fu l re feren ce m ateria l.

R e c y c lin g A d v a n c e d E n g lis h is d iv ided in to five d istin ct sections:

S ection 1 G RAMM AR (25 un its)

Th is la rge section a im s to cover all th e m a jor g ramm atica l p o in ts a t advan ced

leve l, w ith p ractice and rev ision exercise s fo r con solida tion .

S ection 2 PHRASAL V ERBS (15 un its)

In th is section , ph ra sa l v erb s are g roup ed a cco rd ing to th e ir particle , and th ere is

a lso a focus on th ree-pa rt ph ra sa l v erbs and ph ra sa l v erbs as n ouns, w ith

extens ive p ractice in va ry in g form ats.

S ection 3 V O CABULARY (22 u n its )

H ere th ere are tex ts and tasks p resen ting and p ractis in g v ocabu la ry from k ey

top ics w h ich regu la rly o ccu r in advan ced c la ssw ork and exam ination syllabuses.

S ection 4 W ORD STU DY (17 u n its )

T h is section attem pts to g e t b en ea th the surface o f th e language and to delve

d eep er Into the lin gu is tic a reas w h ich cause d ifficu lties fo r the advan ced lea rner,

su ch as id iom s, fa lse friends , h um ou r and colloca tion s.

R e c y c l i n g U n i t s are an im portan t e lem en t in S ection s 1 - 4 , p rov id ing

con solid ation o f each b lo ck o f p reced in g un its . I t is th ere fore adv isab le to u se the

R ecy c lin g un its in the ord er in w h ich th ey appear.

S ection 5 W R IT ING (11 un its )

T h is section o ffers gu idance on a num ber o f d ifferen t w rit ing tasks and sty les,

w ith appropr ia te ph rases to learn , as w ell as p ractice exercises. A ll th e types o f

com posit ion requ ired fo r CAE and rev ised CPE are covered , w ith m ode l an sw ers

in th e A ppend ix . T here is a lso a u n it o f t ips on w rit ing , and add itiona l w r it in g

tasks fo r extra practice .

T he A PPEND IX p rov ides add ition a l g ram m ar referen ce m ateria l and m odel

an sw ers fo r w r it ing tasks.

In t r o d u c t io n

T h e R e v is e d E d it io n

The book has been revised and expanded for a num ber o f reasons: to update some

o f the m ateria l, to in corporate the va luable suggestions sent in by readers, and to

b r in g the tasks in line w ith the revisions to the CAE and CPE syllabuses. M uch o f

the book rem ains essentia lly the sam e as its predecessor, bu t there are m inor

a lterations to a lm ost all un its, and m ajor changes to m any o f the tasks, especia lly

those in the R ecycling units. There are five com pletely new units.

N ew m a te r ia l includes:

• a page on D isc o u r se m a rk e r s in U n it 12 o f the G rammar section

• tw o new un its in the V ocabu lary section - E -m a il a n d th e in te rn e t and U K

g o v e rnm en t

• three new un its in the W ord S tudy section - H um ou r , p u n s a n d jo k e s ,

C o llo c a tio n s and N ew la n g u a g e

• additions to the W riting section to cover all C A E and r e v is e d C P E ta sk

ty p e s .

I w ou ld like to thank all the peop le who have offered their comm ents and

suggestions. W hether you are using th is b ook for exam preparation , or purely to

im prove you r English at advanced level, I hope you w ill en joy R e c y c lin g

A d v a n c e d E n g lish and find that it m otivates y ou and helps you to make

progress.

C la re W est, 2 0 0 2

7

UN I T 1

A r t i c l e s a n d u n c o u n t a b l e s

No art icle is used w hen generalising (w it h plural, abst ract and uncount ab le nouns)

but the or a/ an is used w hen t alk in g abou t par t icu lar exam ples. The def in it e art icle

the is used w hen it is clear w h ich noun w e m ean, w hereas t he indef in it e art icle a/ an

is used w hen a noun is referred t o fo r t he f irst t ime.

Singu lar countable nouns m ust alw ays have an art icle (or possessive), except in t he

fo l lo w ing cases: preposit ions w it h home, school, college, university, church, work,

class, hospital, prison, bed, sea, breakfast , lunch, supper, dinner.

Note also:

• at night , on foot , by car/ bus/ tube et c. (m eans o f t ranspor t ), to/ in/ from tow n (w hen

referr ing t o t he t ow n w e live in, a local large t ow n or t he capit al), go to sleep and

go home

Not ice t he d if ference bet w een She's in prison (she's a pr isoner) and She's in the

prison (she eit her w o rks t here or is visit ing).

The art icle is also om it t ed in cer t ain doub le expressions:

• from top to bot tom , on land and sea, hand in hand, face to face

The indef in it e ar t icle a/ an is norm ally used t o ind icat e som eone's profession:

• He wants to t rain as a psychotherapist .

A Co m p le t e t h e se n t e n ce s by

p u t t in g t he, a/ an o r n o

ar t icle ( - ) in t o t h e sp ace s.

Y ou rem em ber m y s iste r Jane?

o f ____ sp iders?

S h e ’s b een s tu d y in g ____a rch ite ctu re at

th ree years.

A t ____m om en t sh e ’s re sea rch in g in to _

D on ’t y ou kn ow h im ? H e ’s

She ’s p re tty bu sy in _

one w ho h as a lw ays been a fra id

_ un ivers ity f o r ___ last

_ w ork o f L e C orbusier,

w e ll-kn ow n F ren ch arch itect.

daytim e , bu t she finds sh e ’s a t ____b it o f

loose end a t n igh t, s o ____ la st y ea r she jo in e d ____ film club .

c lub m em bers can w a t c h ____ film s a t ____ very low p rices , in

d isu sed w arehouse on o th er s ide o f . town.

So w h en she g ets h om e f r o m ___ college , she u sua lly goes stra igh t

over th ere b y ____b ike , and h a s ____ dr in k a n d ____ sandw ich before

film starts.

h u rry to g et th ere th a t she h ad

ca r and had to spend tw o m onths in

7 O ne even in g she w as in su ch

acciden t.

8 She w as knock ed d ow n b y __

____hosp ita l.

9 W hen I w en t to v is it h er , I w as shocked to fin d h e r sw athed i n ___

bandages f r o m ___ head t o ____ toe.

10 B ut lu ck ily h er in ju r ies lo ok ed w orse than th ey rea lly w ere , an d she

m anaged to m a k e ____very speedy recovery .

8

Un i t 1

The is also used w ith

a a unique person or object : • the President • the North Pole

b m usical inst rum ents • He plays the guitar.

c som e adject ives w ith plural m eanings • the rich

d nat ionalit y adject ives, ships, geographical areas, most m ountain ranges, oceans,

seas, rivers, deserts, hotels, cinemas, theat res, plural nam es of count ries, island

groups, regions

e w hen t alking about a w hole species: • the Afr ican elephant

No art icle is used w hen t alking about cont inent s, m ost count r ies, t ow ns, st reets, etc.

(except the High St reet), lakes, and t he main build ings o f a part icular t ow n:

• Kingston Town Hall

The is not used w it h most except w it h t he superlat ive:

• most people • the most incredible sight

B Co r r e ct t h e sen t en ces if

n ecessary. Tick an y w h ich

are alr ead y co r rect .

1 T ony had always w anted to explore the footh ills o f H im alayas.

2 So when he w as offered an early retirem ent package b y h is firm , he

decided to take advantage o f the opportun ity .

3 F irst he needed to get rea lly fit, so he spent a m onth tra in ing in Lake

D istrict.

4 W hen he cou ld run up Butterm ere Fell w ithou t stopping, he

considered he w as ready.

5 H e booked a trip w ith a w ell-known trekk ing com pany and flew out

to the Kathm andu , the cap ita l o f N epal.

6 H is group w ere p lann ing to trek in A nnapurna region , bu t

un fortunately N epalese w ere beg inn ing to get w orried about the

am ount o f dam age be ing done to their ancient m ountains b y the

constant pumm elling o f clim bers ’ feet.

7 So they tem porarily suspended perm ission for foreigners to clim b or

use the footpaths in the area.

8 G roup leader was very apologetic, bu t he la id on ra fting on R iver

T risu li and sigh tseeing in the capital.

9 A fter a few days, the au thorities lifted their ban , and T ony w as able

to trek through som e o f w orld ’s m ost beautifu l scenery, w ith

b reath tak ing v iew s o f the M ount E verest and Kanchen junga.

10 A t n ight, group w ere accomm odated in the sim ple v illage room s and

ate w ith N epalese.

11 M ost o f group w ere m ore experienced trekkers than Tony, and

several o f them had v is ited H im alayas before.

12 A ll in all, T ony reckoned it w as m ost exciting experience h e ’d ever

had, and vow ed to retu rn to the N epal at very first opportun ity .

9

Un i t 1

The indef init e art icle a/ an canno t be used w it h uncount ab le nouns. M ost

nouns in English are eit her count ab le or uncount ab le, but t he fo l lo w ing m ay be

used count ab ly or uncount ab ly:

• cold, count ry, taste, w ine, coffee, tea, cake, cheese, w ork, hair, life, death

1 I ’ll h ave a c o ffe e w h ile I sort m y papers out.

2 It ’s a m a tter o f l i fe and d e a th .

3 T h ey ’v e a lw ays dream ed o f liv in g in the co u n try .

4 C eleb rities and critics flooded in to th e W est E nd to see H a ro ld P in te r ’s

la tes t w o rk .

5 I like a b it o f c h e es e a fter m y m ain course.

6 The reason h e ’s so bogged d ow n a t w o rk is tha t h e ’s h ad a h eavy c o ld

fo r the la s t fortn igh t.

7 H is d e a th cam e as a terr ib le shock to h is co lleagues.

8 S he ’s fu rn ished the fla t w ith such ta s te , h a sn ’t she!

C De cid e w h e t h e r t h e n o u n s

in it a lics are b e in g u sed

co u n t ab ly (C) o r

u n co u n t ab ly (U).

Note especially t hese uncountable nouns:

• furniture, luggage, new s, inform at ion, progress, know ledge, research,

advice

M any and (a) few are used w it h count ab les, much and (a) lit t le w it h

uncount ab les.

D M at ch t h e t w o h alves o f

t h e se n t e n ce s co r rect ly .

1 Scien tists h ave m ade little A spanner, i f I p rom ise to re tu rn

it tom orrow .

2 It is d oubtfu l w h eth er w e have B app lican ts fo r tha t jo b , are

enough there?

3 I don ’t suppose there are m any C new s abou t m y sister?

4 I can gu aran tee h e ’ll g ive y ou D progress in th e ir research in to

som e the comm on cold .

5 The exam iner asked bo th E na tu ra l gas fo r the nex t fifty

years.

6 I had to ch eck every F the cand ida tes to sit down .

7 I w as h op in g you cou ld le t m e

h ave a

G excellen t advice.

8 She ’s so w ell-g room ed - she n ever H h a ir ou t o f p lace.

ha s a

9 H e h a sn ’t go t m uch I s ing le connection , before

I fou nd the fau lt.

10 C ou ld y ou let m e kn ow i f th ere ’s J luggage , h a s h e?

any

10