Georgia State Standard SB2f – Examine the use of DNA technology in forensics, medicine, & agriculture. Genetics and Biotechnology 13.1& 13.2 DNA Technology

Georgia State Standard

SB2f – Examine the use of DNA technology in forensics, medicine, & agriculture.

Genetics and Biotechnology

13.1& 13.2 DNA Technology

Chapter 13

The process by which ____________ traits of certain plants and animals are selected and passed on to their future generations is called ____________ ____________.

Precursors: Selective Breeding


German shepherdService dog

HuskySled dog

Saint BernardRescue dog


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Precursors: Inbreeding


The process in which two ____________ ____________organisms are bred to have the desired traits and to eliminate the undesired ones in future generations

____________ breeds are ____________ by inbreeding.

A disadvantage of inbreeding is that ____________ recessive traits also can be passed on to future generations.

Ex: Dog breeds are kept pure by inbreeding


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A ____________ ____________involves breeding an organism that has the ____________ genotype with one that is homozygous recessive for the desired trait.


Precursors: Test Cross


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Genetic Engineering

Technology that involves ____________ the ____________ of one organism in order to ____________ the DNA of ____________ organism, called exogenous DNA.



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Genetically engineered organisms are used


to study the expression of a particular gene.

to investigate cellular processes.

to study the development of a certain ____________.

to select traits that might be ____________ to humans.


Genetically engineered bollworm

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DNA Tools


An organism’s ____________ is the total DNA in the nucleus of each cell.

DNA tools can be used to manipulate DNA and to isolate genes from the rest of the genome.


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Scientists use restriction enzymes as powerful tools for ____________ specific genes or regions of the genome.


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DNA Tools: ____________ ____________

recognize and bind to specific DNA sequences and ____________ the DNA within the sequence.


DNA Tools: Gel Electrophoresis

An electric current is used to separate DNA fragments according to the size of the fragments in a process called ____________ ____________.

When an electric current is applied, the DNA fragments move toward the positive end of the gel.

The smaller fragments move farther faster than the larger ones.


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Gel Electrophoresis Cont’d

The unique pattern created based on the size of the DNA fragment can be compared to known DNA fragments for ____________ of people. This is called ____________ ____________.


Gel electrophoresis

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DNA Fingerprinting Example


DNA Tools: Recombinant DNA

A newly generated DNA molecule with DNA from different sources is called ____________ ____________.


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Recombinant DNA Cont’d

Recombinant DNA is used in ____________ to mass produce human ____________ for diabetics and to clean up ____________ ____________.

Recombinant DNA is used in ____________ to mass produce a human ____________ to treat ____________ ____________.


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Used to __________ a DNA sample for any scientific investigation including

__________ analysis and __________ testing

PCR takes approximately _____

hours. This automated process bypasses the need to use bacteria for amplifying DNA.

DNA Tools:

DNA Tools: Cloning http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/tech/cloning/clickandclone/

• Cloning - Using the DNA of one organism to create and identical ____________

• Steps: – Isolate ____________ cells (from who you will be

cloning)– Remove ____________ from donor egg– ____________ nucleus from donor cells into donor egg– ____________ cell division– ____________ embryo into surrogate mother– ____________ organism will be born


Transgenic Organisms

Organisms that have been genetically engineered by ____________ one or more ____________ from another organism.


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Transgenic Animals

Scientists produce most transgenic animals in laboratories for biological ____________, often to study the function of different traits.

Commonly used animals - Mice, fruit flies, and the roundworm Caenorhabditis elegans


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Transgenic Plants

Biologists use DNA technology to produce plants with many desirable traits.

Genetically engineered cotton resists ____________ infestation of the bolls.

Sweet-potato plants are resistant to a ____________ that could kill most of the African harvest.

Rice plants with increased iron and vitamins could ____________ malnutrition.


Chapter 13

Documents

Georgia State Standard SB2f – Examine the use of DNA technology in forensics, medicine, & agriculture. Genetics and Biotechnology 13.1& 13.2 DNA Technology