GEORGE WASHINGTON

THE PRECEDENT PRESIDENT 1789-1797

The First Presidency

George Washington Chosen as first President in 1789 Washington would guide the new

government as it applied the ideas in the Constitution to create a nation

Washington faces many challenges…

Challenges Facing the New Nation

Define authority of the national government Create a stable economic system Build a military (maintain national security) Relationships with other nations Relationships with Native Americans

#NewNationProblems

Defining the Role of the National Government

The Constitution allowed the President to appoint officials in charge of executive departments

Washington appointed officials which became the first Presidential Cabinet. Secretary of State: Thomas Jefferson Secretary of the Treasury: Alexander Hamilton Secretary of War: Henry Knox Attorney General: Edmond Randolph

Create a Stable Economic System

Hamilton’s Plan Repay all debt Create a National Bank Raise the government

revenue Whiskey tax Protective tariff

Jefferson’s Response Would only benefit the

rich Federal government

should not have the power to create a bank

Major Issue Facing New Nation

How do we create a stable economic system? Pay debts Should states be responsible for national

debt?

Idea: Tax Whiskey!

Whiskey Rebellion Farmers living west of the Appalachian

Mountains often turned their extra grain into whiskey

Because the government was so deep in debt, they decided to put a tax on that whiskey to raise money

Farmers refuse to pay tax and threaten tax collectors

Washington sends 13,000 soldiers to settle the rebellion, but the rebels flee before any fighting takes place

QUESTION

WHAT WAS THE REBELLION THAT TOOK PLACE BECAUSE THE GOVERNMENT WAS TAKING FARMER’S LAND?

SHAY’S REBELLION!

Two Rebellions Compared

Major difference: Shay’s Rebellion scared the nation –

convinced many people that the government was not strong enough under the Articles of Confederation

Washington sent a message to the nation by suppressing the Whiskey Rebellion: the government has the power to keep the nation secure

Issues with Native Americans Basically, Americans wanted more land,

but the land was already settled by Natives

American settlers would move into Native American territory, fighting would break out

Washington would then send soldiers to settle the fighting

British urged Natives to destroy American settlements Little Turtle

Issues with EuropeFrench Revolution1789

At first, Americans supported the French in their revolution of freedom

Then the revolution became a bloodbath…

France and Britain go to war…again (1793)

Should the United States be involved in European problems?

Issues with Europe Proclamation of Neutrality

Prohibited Americans from fighting in the war between France and Britain

Treaties Jay’s Treaty – with Britain (page 265 – 266)

British will leave American soil and pay for ships they have damaged

British will allow Americans to trade with their Caribbean colonies

Pinckney’s Treaty – with Spain Americans can use Mississippi River and port of

New Orleans

Neutrality

Washington’s Farewell Address - 1796

Washington’s Farewell AddressNo P.D.A.

No Political Parties Washington worried about the nation

becoming divided No Debt

Washington warned against the government borrowing too much money

No Alliances (no permanent alliances)

THINK-PAIR-SHARE

QUESTION:

Why would Washington warn America to avoid strong alliances with other nations?

Neutrality

Major Challenges

Define authority of the national government Create a stable economic system Build a military (maintain national security) Relationships with other nations Relationships with Native Americans

Political Parties Emerge

THOMAS JEFFERSON

ALEXANDER HAMILTON

Political Parties Emerge

Issue: United States needs a stable

economyHamilton’s Plan Repay all debt Create a National Bank Raise the government

revenue Whiskey tax Protective tariff

Jefferson’s Response Would only benefit the rich Federal government should not

have the power to create a bank

Political Parties Emerge Hamilton’s supporters

became known as “Federalists”

THOMAS JEFFERSON

ALEXANDER HAMILTON

Jefferson’s supporters became known as “Democratic-Republicans”

Political Parties EmergeFederalists

Alexander Hamilton and John Adams Loose Constructionists (govt. should take all

necessary steps to govern) Favored a strong federal government Pro-British: Federalists feared the French

Revolution (feared mob rule) Merchants and Manufacturers Who should vote? – Only those meeting property

qualifications

Political Parties Emerge Democratic-Republicans

Thomas Jefferson and James Madison Strict Constructionists (government should only

have powers expressly listed in the Constitution) Favored states’ having power Pro-French: Jefferson supported the French

Revolution Farmers and craftsmen Who should vote? – All adult males

CREATE A T-Chart comparing Federalists and Democratic-

Republicans

John Adams

THE 2ND PRESIDENT

JOHN ADAMS

1797-1801

#HisRotundity

Hostility with

France

XYZ Affair

Alien and Sedition

Acts

The “Undeclare

d War”

John Adams

Hostility with France France and Britain are at war

Jay’s Treaty (US treaty with Britain) made the French feel threatened

So, the French began to capture American ships trading with Britain

John Adams

The “X-Y-Z Affair” President Adams sends a delegation to France

to resolve the issue between U.S. and France

The French sent 3 agents to the meeting and demanded a bribe and a loan from the Americans

The U.S. refused and were insulted by the incident

John AdamsAlien and Sedition Acts

The threat of war with France made Americans more suspicious of aliens (immigrants who were not citizens)

Congress passes laws to protect the nation’s security o Made it more difficult to become a citizeno restricted speech which criticized the federal

government

Became known as the “Alien and Sedition Acts”

John Adams The “Undeclared” War

U.S. and France have been unofficially fighting

President Adams did not want to enter another war, so he avoided declaring war

In 1800, U.S. and France sign a peace treaty

JOHN ADAMS

1797-1801#HisRotund

ity

Hostility with

France

XYZ Affair

Alien and Sedition

Acts

The “Undeclare

d War”