ARCHITECTURAL BUILDING MATERIALS THE NEW LADDER TYPE CURRICULUM GEORGE SALINDA SALVAN ... uap ASSISTANT PROFESSOR College of Engineering and Architecture Baguio CotlegesFoundation First and tone graduate of B.S. Archifecture,1963 in NorthernLuzon,St. Louis University Baguio City Former instructor 196!).1969 at St.Lc;>uisUoiversity Recipient of various ACE certificates,Architects Continuing Education Program Alicensed Architect, active practitioner and a licensed building constructor, inventor and a board topnotcher. Past president of United Architects PhilsBaguio Chapter. Elected National Director;UAP,RegionalDistrict Ifor the year 1987. Member, College of Fellows,UAP 1988 JMC PRESS,INC. 388 QuezonAvenue,QuezonCity Copyright 1986 by: JMC PRESS,INC. and GEORGES.SALVAN Allrights 1'9$8rved. No part of this book ma'f be reproduced in any manneJ without permission of the publisher. FIRST EDITION ISBN:971-11-0321-4 Published andPrintedby: JMC PRESS,INC. 388 QuezonAvenue,QuezonCity Distributed by: GOODWILL BOOKSTORE Main Office:RizalAvenue,Manila P.0 .Box 2942,Manila Dedicated to all future Architects and Engineers The hope for a functional, comfortable and convenient designs for better living. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The completion of this book was made a reality through the patient and hardworking efforts of theartist andgraduate of architecture,Mr.Fermin0 .Balangcod. Special thanks are also acknowledged to the artists who contributed in making the drawings notably, Clamor C. Lecitona from NU, who also helped in the cover design; Johnny Camsol, Jeny Jun Suyat, Roy Pagador, Rev Puno, and James Fioresca, all from BCF,Baguio City. To the ones who lent unselfishly their books, like Dean Avelino Cruz of BCF, and to the BCF librarianMr.Macabiog, .. toArcnitectRogelioNazof St.LouisUniversity,Companiesor of materialsa!!K> eent _hanl=l.a)R GJ.e3 could be done in the formof an emulsioncement slurry mixed as follows: 1 volumecement 1 volume water 10 volumes weatherkote type 3 . The mix shall be formed by mixing the cement and water to a smooth slurry and t ~ e nslowly adding this to the weatherkote type 3 until a uniform mix is achieved. 3"CEMENT FILLET ,. C.WEATHERKOTEDECKROOF WATERPROOFING General Introduction:TheShellWeatherkotesystemof roofwaterproofingconsistof a builtup application of several coats of Shell Weatherkote.Bitumen Emulsions applied by spray or brush. Fiberglass Membrane:The inclusion of fiberglass membrane is recommended to act as a reinforcement should fine shrinkage cracks occur in the reinforced concrete roof.Use Weatherkote 3401fiberglass or approved equivalent. Falls:Allroof surfaces should have adequate fallforpurposesinaccor-dancewith good engineeringpractice. Sub-tropical or tropical Remainder minimum 1:60 1:80 Dt!corative or Ught: Reflective finish- For a decorative and light reflecting finish, allow 2 full weeks to elapse after the Bitumen Emulsion is dry, before applying Wea-therkoteAluminum or alternative. Drying Time:AShell Weatherkote Bitumen coating can be considered sufficient-ly dry to proceed with the next coat when on rubbing vigorously with a wet finger no brown stain is produced on the finger.Shell Weatherkote Bitumen coatings normally reach this stage in 6 to 12 hours dependingon atmospheric conditions.Shell Wea therkote Bitumen coatings must not be applied if rain Is imminent before the coating has dried.,-! Spraying:If spraying is preferred, Shell Weatherkote Type 3 and 5 can be sprayed by suitable equipment at no more than 2 1/2 gallons per 100 sq.ft. per coat. The pat-tern of any embedded fiber glass membrane must not be visible when the final spray has dried. Expansion Joints: Expansion joints must be so designed as tobe waterproofed, ir-respective of themainwaterproofing system. 1.Finish the concreteto asmooth surface,free fromdirt, dust, etc.To adry sur Shell Weatherkote primer-consisting Typej mixed with equal volume of water.Allow it to dry. 2.Apply a heavy brush coat of Shell Weatherkote Type 3 and immediately embed an open meshfiberglass membrane.The apPlication of the membrane shouldex-tend beyond the joints about 2 inches on bo1hsides. Flashings:Flashings arenot normally required. Skirting:Where skirtings occur the Shelt Weatherkote treatment should be taken some 9" up the wall.Where there is existing metal flashing, the Shell Weatherkote shouldbe carriedupunder the flashing sufficient distanceto give anadequate lap. APreparatory Work 1.Any roughnessof the concrete should be removed fromthe areasto be waterproofed. 2.The concrete surface should be brushed clean and any cracks or holes in it made good ..-B.Main Waterproofing 1.Apply a brush of 50/50 mix Weatnerkote Type 3/Warer. Allow to dry (Type 3. - 1/2 gal.per 100 sq.ft.) 105 .. 106 2.Apply a heavy brushcoatof neat Weatherkote Type 3over the primedarea and immediately embed anopen-meshfiberglassmembrane.Allow to dry. (Type3- 1 1/2 gal.per100 sq.ft . Fiberglassmembrane -110 sq.ft .10% for overlaps. 3.Applya HeavybrushcoatofWeatherkote Type 3.Allow to dry.(Type 3- 1 1/ 2gal.per100 sq.ft.). 4.Afterthe application of the two coats of Weatherkote Type 3.apply a brush coat of WeatherkoteType7 appUedpreferableinthreecoats(6gals.per100 sq. ft.). 5.For an Abraison-resistant finish, appl y Weatherkote/sand mastic.The mastic flooringconsistof1 volume WeatherkoteType3 and4 Volumes sand. 6.Forheat reflecting and decorative finish, apply Weatherkote Bituminous Alu-minum Paint ( 1 /2 gal.per 100 sq.ft.}. D.ESTIMATEDQUANTITIES OF MATERIALS REQUIRED PER100 SQ.FT.OF AREA WeatherkoteType 3 WeatherkoteType7 Weathorkote Aluminum Sand Fiberglassmembrane - 9gallons - 6gallons - . 112 gallons - 3 cu.ft. - 110 sq.ft. .(10%for overlaps} NOTE:WeatherkoteType7maybesubstitutedwithWeatherkote5.However, pleaseconsult theSpe:cialProductsDept.,PilipinasShellPetroleumCorp.on any substituti oninthespecifications. E.ADVISORYSERVICE - Specific detailsregardingShellBituminous prOductsand their application are available onrequest. ....... . -.. . WEATl-IERKOT1'YPE 1 FIBERGLASSMESH :141,._- 50/50 WEATMERKOTE TYPE3/WATER MESHEMSEOOEOIN WEAll1ERKOTE TYPE 3 WEATHERKOTE TYPE 3/ WATER 3" CEMENT MORTARFILLET SPECIFICATIONS: D.CONCRETE TANK WATERPROOFING Introduction: Thisspecificationappliesto thewaterproofingof reinforcedconcretewatertank built underground.Foroverheadinstallations,theinterior waterproofingspecified hereinrequiresfurtherreinforcementwithoneextralayeroffiberglassmeshand another coat of Weatherkote Type 3 cement slurry, before applying the last 2 coats of Type 5 or Trowel coat of Type 7. General A.Preparatory WortughwYr0Jthe ! f'lrlee , Ll Fllst Pfn Hlng11-a hinge in whichJhe pin is fastened perma-nently in place.'" Full Surfllce Hinge -a hingedesignedfor attachmenton the surface of the dOOfand jamb without mortising. z z ~ z z z z , L006 Joint Hinge -a doorhingehavingtwoknucktes,. one of which has vertical pin that fits in a corresponding hole in the other,bylifting the-doorup,off the verticalpin,the door may be removed withl unscreWing the hinge. LoosePinHinge-ahingehavingaremovablepin which \ permits its two parts to be separated. 165 166 Ptlume/16 Hinge - a type of door hinge having a single ;oint of the pivot type,usually of moderndesign. 0/weKnuckleHinge - apaumellehingewithknuckles forming an oval shape. 2.Spring Hinges - ahinge c o n t a i n i n ~one or more springs,when adoor is opened,the hinge returnsit to. theopen position automaticaUy,may act inone direction only,or in both directions. b.Double action ExceUent for u5e in restaurants,hospitals,kitchens, the door opens by just pushing it with the shoulder or feet. b.Single IH:tlon C'i,' -r:::::? _,:.e.. ., e e :9 e 3.Pivot Hin..- the axle or pin about which awindow or door rotates. VtHtk:tll Spring Pivot Hingtt -a spring hinge for a door which is mortised into the heel of the doOr.the door is fastened to the floor and door head with pivots. topprvot 167 From Sunut Magazine How to make bookshelves vesp. 30 ROUGHHARDWARES I.NAILS C.W -common wire nail with head and for strength[!:> -box nailalsousedfor strength..----------FIN- finishingnail without headCOl========;>> -casing nail also withOut head SIZES,1", 1 1/2", 2", 21/2", 3'", 31/2", 4'",6" Masonry nails or concrete nails These are nails which can be driven 3/ 4 deep to concrete mortar, or brick. NOTE:Choose a nail three times longer thanthe top thickness being fastened. For exam-ple,use a1 1/2 nail when nailing1/2 plywood to a 2 x4 stud. Other common Hammer- driven fasteners O:D====-.,.. I.'T .. 168 II.SCREWS Ctassifiedby gaugelength,headtype,andmetallic make-up. HEAD TYPES FLATHEADROUND. HEAOOVAL. H E:ADSCREW PHILIPPGf-IEAD -. . Sl-fEET-ME'tZ'L . I :Gauge 2, 3,4, 5, 6,7,8, 9,10,11,12,13 and14 FLUSH CruNTER GlMK low

- 169 llagScrewV screw hooks and eyes canhang object WASHERS .i%14'tl4M @ @ Tr Flat Counter Sunk~ l u s h BOLTS Bolts have threaded shafts that receive nuts. To use them, ahole is drilled,pushing the bolt through and adding a nut. NUTS Flat square nut 170 bolts tightened with screw while holding the nut with a wrench. Hex nut Square nut 8 . -acomnut Hunger bolt8- for hangingfixtures from walls. L= 2" to 6" diam.1/ 4, 5/16",3/ 8" W/ll!ll/J..,..UDStn Wing nut to attach flat surface to round poles or pipes. Binding Sctews-Join two $lJrf&cesandare demountable 1/ 4 ..to 4". JOINERY BRACKETS To form strong joints for. decorative -Zinc-plated steel for Hidden view...:.... steel ones for"chest" type- brass-plated type T ~Pl.A"'fE 171 .17.2 L-BRACKET JAWEND 'TURNBUCKLE B.To Fix One Sash chain. head and foot bolt ExpandedLath(HYRI8) a IMtal lathhaving an open mesh formedbyt1tt1ng; metaissheet. Used to admit mortar 0[ plastered cement. EYE.A.NO TURN9UCKU: .:....' SURFACE BOLT CremoneBoltfused tofasten upper end lowerdoor DOOR BOLT (BARREL BOLT) FlUSHB.OLT - adoorboltsode signed that when applied it is flush with the face or edge of the door. CHAIN DOOR FASTENER A,device attached to a door and its jamb which limits the door opening to the tength of the chain.Usually used in Hotel roOms. ~C :::= ..===:::l ~ ' .. 173 A variationof this is a mueical chatn -door fastener when door is opened the button ac n v a t ~thebattery operatedbutton holder. C.To Lock The Door 174 LOCKSET -a completelocksystemincludingthe basiclockingmechanismsandalltheaccessories, such as knobs escutcheons,Plates,etc. LATCH- asimplefastening. devi&ehavingatatch bolt,b\.ltnot adeadbolt containsnoprevisions for locking with a key, usually openable from both sides. VIEWFROM~ ~ ~ Wfta1~PJn~tOOl.,, rt I S ~ ~iheblr ar notM ~6efllltf wrl1.a k.f)'. NIGHT LATCH - Key operated Latch LIFTLATCH-atypeofdoorlatch which fastens a door by rl)eans of apivotedbarthatengagesa hookonthedoorjamb.alever which lifts the pivoted bar used to unfasten the door. LATCHfor .doer OEAOBOLT Button-a small rejecting member used to fast

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"f!',. 4'j(4( 1 z')( l'.11,: X z'' .,-,:eTEE TEE (TAPPED) (TAPPED) z'x2" LEA()FeRRULE 191 GT"RAINER ( NICKLEPLATED ) (BRAS