George R. R. Martin

George Raymond Richard Martin[1] (born GeorgeRaymond Martin; September 20, 1948), often referredto as GRRM,[2] is an American novelist and short storywriter in the fantasy, horror, and science fiction genres, ascreenwriter, and television producer. He is best knownfor A Song of Ice and Fire, his international bestsellingseries of epic fantasy novels that HBO adapted for its dra-matic series Game of Thrones.Martin serves as the series’ co-executive producer, whilealso scripting four episodes of the series. In 2005,Lev Grossman of Time called Martin “the AmericanTolkien",[3] and the magazine later named him one of the“2011 Time 100,” a list of the “most influential people inthe world.”[4][5]

1 Early life

George Raymond Martin (he later adopted theconfirmation name Richard, at the age of 13)[6]was born on September 20, 1948,[7] in Bayonne, NewJersey,[8] the son of longshoreman Raymond CollinsMartin and his wife Margaret Brady Martin. He has twoyounger sisters, Darleen and Janet. Martin’s father wasof half Italian descent, while his mother was of half Irishancestry;[9] he also has German, English, and Frenchroots.The family first lived in a house on Broadway, belongingto Martin’s great-grandmother. In 1953, they moved to afederal housing project near the Bayonne docks. DuringMartin’s childhood, his world consisted predominantly of“First Street to Fifth Street”, between his grade schooland his home; this limited world made him want to traveland experience other places, but the only way of doing sowas through his imagination, so he became a voraciousreader.When Martin’s family moved to a larger apartment afterhis sister was born, he also had a view of the waters ofthe Kill van Kull, where freighters and oil tankers flyingflags from distant countries were entering and leaving PortNewark. He had an encyclopedia with a list of flags, andwhen using it to figure out where the ships came from,he would find himself dreaming of traveling to these re-mote locations. After the sun went down, the lights fromStaten Island would shine across the water, which in hisimagination was Shangri-La and "Shanghai and Paris,Timbuctoo and Kalamazoo, Marsport and Trantor, andall the other places that I'd never been and could never

hope to go”.[10][11]

The young Martin began writing and selling monster sto-ries for pennies to other neighborhood children, dramaticreadings included. He also wrote stories about a mythicalkingdom populated by his pet turtles; the turtles died fre-quently in their toy castle, so he finally decided they werekilling each other off in “sinister plots”.[12]

Martin attended Mary Jane Donohoe School and thenlater Marist High School. While there he became an avidcomic-book fan, developing a strong interest in the inno-vative superheroes being published by Marvel Comics[13]A letter Martin wrote to the editor of Fantastic Four wasprinted in issue No. 20 (Nov 1963); it was the first ofmany sent, e.g., FF #32, #34, and others from his family’shome at 35 E. First Street, Bayonne, NJ. Fans who readhis letters then wrote him letters in turn, and through suchcontacts, Martin joined the fledgling comics fandom ofthe era, writing fiction for various fanzines;[14] he was thefirst to register for an early comic book convention heldin New York in 1964.[15] In 1965, Martin won comic fan-dom’s Alley Award for his prose superhero story “Pow-erman vs. The Blue Barrier”, the first of many awards hewould go on to win for his fiction.In 1970, Martin earned a B.S. in Journalism fromNorthwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, graduatingsumma cum laude; he went on to complete his M.S. inJournalism in 1971, also from Northwestern. Eligible forthe draft during the Vietnam War, to which he objected,Martin applied for and obtained conscientious-objectorstatus;[16] he instead did alternative service work for twoyears (1972–1974) as a VISTA volunteer, attached to theCook County Legal Assistance Foundation. An expertchess player, he also directed chess tournaments for theContinental Chess Association from 1973 to 1976.In the mid-1970s, Martin met English professor GeorgeGuthridge from Dubuque, Iowa, at a science fiction con-vention in Milwaukee. Martin persuaded Guthridge (whoconfesses that at that time he despised science fiction andfantasy) not only to give speculative fiction a second look,but to write in the field himself. (Guthridge has sincebeen a finalist for the Hugo Award and twice for theNebula Award for science fiction and fantasy. In 1998,he won a Bram Stoker Award for best horror novel.)In turn, Guthridge helped Martin find a job at ClarkeUniversity (then Clarke College). Martin “wasn't mak-ing enough money to stay alive”, from writing and thechess tournaments, says Guthridge.[17] From 1976 to1978, Martin was an English and journalism instructor

1

2 2 CAREER

at Clarke, and he became Writer In Residence at the col-lege from 1978 to 1979.While he enjoyed teaching, the sudden death of friendand fellow author Tom Reamy, in the fall of 1977, madeMartin reevaluate his own life, and he eventually decidedto try to become a full-time writer. He resigned from hisjob, and being tired of the hard winters in Dubuque, hemoved to Santa Fe in 1979.[18]

2 Career

Martin began selling science fiction short stories profes-sionally in 1970, at age 21. His first sale was “The Hero”,sold to Galaxy magazine and published in its February1971 issue; other sales soon followed. His first story tobe nominated for the Hugo Award[19] and Nebula Awardswas "With Morning Comes Mistfall", published in 1973in Analog magazine. A member of the Science Fic-tion and Fantasy Writers of America (SFWA), Martinbecame the organization’s Southwest Regional Directorfrom 1977 to 1979; he served as its vice-president from1996 to 1998.In 1976, for Kansas City’sMidAmeriCon, the 34thWorldScience Fiction Convention (Worldcon), Martin and hisfriend and fellow writer-editor Gardner Dozois conceivedof and organized the first Hugo Losers’ Party for thebenefit of all past and present Hugo-losing writers, theirfriends and families, the evening following the conven-tion’s Hugo Awards ceremony. Martin was nominated fortwo Hugos that year but lost both awards, for the novel-ette "...and Seven Times Never Kill Man” and the novellaThe Storms ofWindhaven, co-written with Lisa Tuttle.[20]The Hugo Losers’ Party became an annual Worldconevent thereafter, and its formal title eventually changedto something a bit more politically correct as both its sizeand prestige grew.AlthoughMartin often writes fantasy or horror, a numberof his earlier works are science fiction tales occurring in aloosely defined future history, known informally as “TheThousandWorlds” or “TheManrealm”. He has also writ-ten at least one piece of political-military fiction, “Nightof the Vampyres”, collected in Harry Turtledove's anthol-ogy The Best Military Science Fiction of the 20th Century(2001).[21]

The unexpected commercial failure of Martin’s fourthbook, The Armageddon Rag (1983), “essentially de-stroyed my career as a novelist at the time”, he recalled.However, that failure led him to seek a career in tele-vision [12] after a Hollywood option on that novel led tohis being hired, first as a staff writer and then as an Ex-ecutive Story Consultant, for the revival of the TwilightZone. After the CBS series was cancelled, Martin mi-grated over to the already-underway satirical science fic-tion seriesMaxHeadroom. He worked on scripts and cre-ated the show’s “Ped Xing” character (the president of

the Zic Zak corporation, Network 23’s primary sponsor).Before his scripts could go into production, however, theABC show was cancelled in the middle of its second sea-son. Martin was then hired as a writer-producer on thenew dramatic fantasy series Beauty and the Beast; in 1989he became the show’s co-supervising producer and wrote14 of its episodes.[22]

During this same period, Martin continued working inprint media as a book-series editor, this time oversee-ing the development of the multi-authorWild Cards bookseries, which takes place in a shared universe in whicha small slice of post–World War II humanity gains su-perpowers after the release of an alien-engineered virus;new titles are still being published in the ongoing seriesfrom Tor Books. In Second Person Martin “gives a per-sonal account of the close-knit role-playing game (RPG)culture that gave rise to his Wild Cards shared-worldanthologies”.[23] An important element in the creation ofthe multiple author series was a campaign of Chaosium'srole-playing game Superworld (1983), that Martin ranin Albuquerque.[24] Martin’s own contributions to WildCards have included Thomas Tudbury, "The Great andPowerful Turtle", a powerful psychokinetic whose flying“shell” consisted of an armored VW Beetle. As of June2011, 21 Wild Cards volumes had been published in theseries; earlier that same year, Martin signed the contractfor the 22nd volume, Low Ball (2014), published by TorBooks. In early 2012, Martin signed another Tor contractfor the 23rdWild Cards volume, High Stakes.While he was making a satisfactory living in Hollywood,he did not feel fulfilled given that so few of the projectshe worked on ever went into production; “No amountof money can really take the place of... you want yourstuff to be read. You want an audience and four guysin an executive office suite at ABC or Columbia is notadequate.”[25]

Martin’s novella, Nightflyers (1980), was adapted into aneponymous 1987 feature film; he was unhappy about hav-ing to cut plot elements for the screenplay’s scenario inorder to accommodate the film’s small budget.[26]

2.1 A Song of Ice and Fire

Main article: A Song of Ice and FireIn 1991, Martin briefly returned to writing novels andbegan what would eventually turn into his epic fantasyseries: A Song of Ice and Fire, which was inspired bythe Wars of the Roses and Ivanhoe. It is currently in-tended to comprise seven volumes. The first, A Game ofThrones, was published in 1996. In November 2005, AFeast for Crows, the fourth novel in this series, becameThe New York Times No. 1 Bestseller and also achievedNo. 1 ranking on The Wall Street Journal bestseller list.In addition, in September 2006, A Feast for Crows wasnominated for both a Quill Award and the British Fan-tasy Award.[27] The fifth book, A Dance with Dragons,

3

Teaching at Clarion West, 1998

was published July 12, 2011, and quickly became an in-ternational bestseller, including achieving a No. 1 spoton the New York Times Bestseller List and many others;it remained on the New York Times list for 88 weeks. Theseries has received praise from authors, readers, and crit-ics alike. In 2012, A Dance With Dragons made the fi-nal ballot for science fiction and fantasy’s Hugo Award,World Fantasy Award, Locus Poll Award, and the BritishFantasy Award; the novel went on to win the Locus PollAward for Best Fantasy Novel. Two more novels areplanned and still being written in the Ice and Fire series:The Winds of Winter and A Dream of Spring.

2.2 HBO series production

For more details on this topic, see Game of Thrones.

HBO Productions purchased the television rights for theentireA Song of Ice and Fire series in 2007 and began air-ing the fantasy series on their U. S. premium cable chan-nel April 17, 2011. TitledGame of Thrones, it ran weeklyfor ten episodes, each approximately an hour long.[28]Although busy completing A Dance With Dragons andother projects, George R. R. Martin was heavily involvedin the production of the television series adaptation ofhis books. Martin’s involvement included the selectionof a production team and participation in scriptwriting;the opening credits list him as a co-executive producer ofthe series. The series was renewed shortly after the firstepisode aired.The first season was nominated for 13 Emmy Awards,ultimately winning two

• one for its opening title credits

• one for Peter Dinklage as Best Supporting Actor.

The first season was also nominated for a 2012 HugoAward, fantasy and science fiction’s oldest award, pre-sented by the World Science Fiction Society each yearat the annual Worldcon; the show went on to win the

2012 Hugo for Best Dramatic Presentation, Long Form,at Chicon 7, the 70th World Science Fiction Convention,in Chicago, IL; Martin took home one of the three HugoAward trophies awarded in that collaborative category,the other two going to Game of Thrones showrunnersDavid Benioff and D.B. Weiss.The second season, based on the second Ice and Firenovel A Clash of Kings, began airing on HBO in theU.S. April 1, 2012; the second season was nominatedfor 12 Emmy Awards, including another Supporting Ac-tor nomination for Dinklage. It went on to win six ofthose Emmys in the Technical Arts categories, whichwere awarded the week before the regular televised 2012awards show. The second season episode "Blackwater",written by George R.R. Martin, was nominated the fol-lowing year for the 2013 Hugo Award in the Best Dra-matic Presentation, Short Form category; that episodewent on to win the Hugo Award at LoneStarCon 3, the71st World Science Fiction Convention, in San Antonio,Texas. In addition to Martin, showrunners Benioff andWeiss (who contributed several scenes to the final screen-play) and episode director Neil Marshal (who expandedthe scope of the episode on set) received Hugo statuettes.

3 Themes

George R. R. Martin in July 2013

Martin’s work has been described by the Los AngelesTimes as having “complex story lines, fascinating char-acters, great dialogue, perfect pacing”.[29] While the NewYork Times sees it as “fantasy for grown ups”,[30] othersfeel it is dark and cynical.[31] His first novel, Dying of theLight, set the tone for some of his future work; it unfolds

4 4 RELATIONSHIP WITH FANS

on a mostly abandoned planet that is slowly becoming un-inhabitable as it moves away from its sun. This story has astrong sense of melancholy. His characters are often un-happy or, at least, unsatisfied, in many cases holding onto idealisms in spite of an otherwise chaotic and ruthlessworld, in many cases troubled by their own self-seekingor violent actions, even as they undertake them. Manyhave elements of tragic heroes or antiheroes in them; re-viewer T. M. Wagner writes, “Let it never be said Martindoesn't share Shakespeare’s fondness for the senselesslytragic.”[32]

The overall gloominess of A Song of Ice and Fire can bean obstacle for some readers; the Inchoatus Group writes,“If this absence of joy is going to trouble you, or you'relooking for something more affirming, then you shouldprobably seek elsewhere.”[33] For many fans, however, itis precisely this level of “realness” and “completeness”,including many characters’ imperfections, moral/ethicalambiguity, and consequential plot twists (often sudden),that is endearing about Martin’s work and keeps the se-ries’ story arcs compelling enough to keep following de-spite its sheer brutality and intricately messy/interwovenplotlines; as TM Wagner points out, “There’s greattragedy here, but there’s also excitement, humor, hero-ism even in weaklings, nobility even in villains, and, nowand then, a taste of justice after all. It’s a rare gift when awriter can invest his story with that much humanity.”[32]

Martin’s characters are multifaceted, each with intri-cate pasts, aspirations, and ambitions. Publishers Weeklywrites of his ongoing epic fantasy A Song of Ice and Fire,“The complexity of characters such as Daenerys, Aryaand the Kingslayer will keep readers turning even the vastnumber of pages contained in this volume, for the au-thor, like Tolkien or Jordan, makes us care about theirfates.”[34] Misfortune, injury, and death (including falsedeath and reanimation) often befall major or minor char-acters, no matter how attached the reader has become.Martin has described his penchant for killing off impor-tant characters as being necessary for the story’s depth:“whenmy characters are in danger, I want you to be afraidto turn the page, (so) you need to show right from the be-ginning that you're playing for keeps”.[35]

In distinguishing his work from others, Martin makesa point of emphasizing realism and plausible social dy-namics above an over-reliance on magic and a simplis-tic "good versus evil" dichotomy, which contemporaryfantasy writing is often criticized for. Notably, Martin’swork makes a sharp departure from the prevalent “heroicknights and chivalry” schema that has become a mainstayin fantasy as derived from the Lord of the Rings seriesof J.R.R. Tolkien. He specifically critiques the oversim-plification of Tolkien’s themes and devices by imitatorsin ways that he has humorously described as “DisneylandMiddle Ages”[36] that gloss over or even ignore major dif-ferences between medieval and modern societies, partic-ularly social structures, ways of living, and political ar-rangements. Martin has been described as “the American

Tolkien” by literary critics.[37]WhileMartin finds inspira-tion in Tolkien’s legacy,[38] he aims to go beyond what hesees as Tolkien’s “medieval philosophy” of “if the kingwas a good man, the land would prosper” to delve intothe complexities, ambiguities, and vagaries of real-lifepower: “We look at real history and it’s not that simple... Just having good intentions doesn't make you a wiseking.”[39]

In fact, the author makes a point of grounding his workon a foundation of historical fiction, which he channels toevoke important social and political elements of primarilythe European medieval era that differ markedly from ele-ments of modern times, including the multigenerational,rigid, and often brutally consequential nature of the hier-archical class system of feudal societies[40] that is in manycases overlooked in fantasy writing. Even as A Song ofIce and Fire is a fantasy series that employs magic andthe surreal as central to the genre, Martin is keen to en-sure that magic is merely one element of many that moveshis work forward,[41] not a generic deus ex machina thatis itself the focus of his stories, something he has beenvery conscious about since reading Tolkien; “If you lookat The Lord of the Rings, what strikes you, it certainlystruck me, is that although the world is infused with thisgreat sense of magic, there is very little onstage magic.So you have a sense of magic, but it’s kept under verytight control, and I really took that to heart when I wasstarting my own series.”[42] Martin’s ultimate aim is anexploration of the internal conflicts that define the humancondition, which, in deriving inspiration from WilliamFaulkner,[43] he ultimately describes as the only reasonto read any literature, regardless of genre.[44]

This nuanced, multi-layered, all-encompassing nature ofMartin’s work has consistently received accolades – hiswork has “captured the imaginations of millions for thesame reason the archetypal dramas of Homer, Sophoclesor Shakespeare have lasted for millennia. They show usthe conflict between self-sacrifice and self-interest, be-tween the human spirit and the human ego, between goodand evil. And when we look up from the page we recog-nise those same conflicts in the world around us and inourselves.”[45][46]

4 Relationship with fans

4.1 Blog

Martin actively contributes to his blog, Not a Blog. Hestill does all his writing on an old DOS machine runningWordstar 4.0.[47]

4.2 Conventions

Martin is known for his regular attendance through thedecades at science fiction conventions and comics con-

4.5 Fan fiction 5

GRRM signing books in a bookstore in Ljubljana, Slovenia (June2011)

ventions, and his accessibility to fans. In the early 1980s,critic and writer Thomas Disch identified Martin as amember of the “Labor Day Group”, writers who regu-larly congregated at the annual Worldcon,[48] usually heldon or around the Labor Day weekend. Since the early1970s he has also attended regional science fiction con-ventions, and since 1986Martin has participated annuallyin Albuquerque's smaller regional convention Bubonicon,near his New Mexico home.[49] He was invited to beGuest of Honor at the 61st World Science Fiction Con-vention in Toronto, held in 2003.[50][51]

4.3 Fan club

Martin’s official fan club is the “Brotherhood WithoutBanners”, who have a regular posting board at the Fo-rum of the website westeros.org, which is focused on hisSong of Ice and Fire fantasy series. At the annual WorldScience Fiction Convention every year, the BWB hosts alarge, on-going hospitality suite that is open to all mem-bers of the Worldcon;[52] their suite frequently wins bypopular vote the convention’s best party award.

4.4 Fan criticism and response

Martin has been criticized by some of his readers for thelong periods between books in the Ice and Fire series,notably the six-year gap between the fourth volume, AFeast for Crows (2005), and the fifth volume, A Dancewith Dragons (2011).[53][54] The previous year, in 2010,Martin had responded to fan criticisms by saying he wasunwilling to write only his Ice and Fire series, noting thatworking on other prose and compiling and editing dif-

ferent book projects has always been part of his workingprocess.[55]

4.5 Fan fiction

Martin is opposed to fan fiction, which he views ascopyright infringement and a bad exercise for aspiringwriters.[56][57]

5 Personal life

Martin at LoneStarCon 3 (the 71st World Science Fiction Con-vention) in San Antonio, Texas

In the early 1970s, Martin was in a relationship withfellow science-fiction/fantasy author Lisa Tuttle,[58] withwhom he co-wroteWindhaven.While attending an East Coast science fiction conventionhe met his first wife, Gale Burnick; they were marriedin 1975, but the marriage ended in divorce, without is-sue, in 1979. On February 15, 2011, Martin marriedhis longtime partner Parris McBride during a small cere-mony at their Santa Fe home. On August 19, 2011, theyheld a larger wedding ceremony and reception at Ren-ovation, the 69th World Science Fiction Convention, inReno, Nevada.[59]

He and his wife Parris are supporters of the Wild SpiritWolf Sanctuary in New Mexico.[60] In early 2013 hepurchased Santa Fe’s Jean Cocteau Cinema and CoffeeHouse, which had been closed since 2006. He had theproperty completely restored, including both its original35 mm capability to which was added digital projectionand sound; the Cocteau officially reopened for businesson August 9, 2013.[61] Martin has also supported MeowWolf, an arts collective in Santa Fe, having pledged $2.7million towards a new art-space in January 2015.[62][63]

In response to a question on his religious views, Martinreplied: “I suppose I'm a lapsed Catholic. You wouldconsider me an atheist or agnostic. I find religion and spir-ituality fascinating. I would like to believe this isn't the

6 8 BIBLIOGRAPHY

end and there’s something more, but I can't convince therational part of me that makes any sense whatsoever.”[64]

Martin is a fan of the NewYork Jets[65] and the NewYorkMets.[66]

6 Politics

In 2014, Martin endorsed Senator Tom Udall.[67]

In the midst of pressure to pull The Interview (2014) frommovie theatres, the Jean Cocteau theatre in Santa Fe, NewMexico (owned by George R.R. Martin since 2013) de-cided to show the film. “As a movie theater, we are notjust involved in the entertainment business. We are in-volved in the First Amendment business, protecting ourfreedoms,” theatre manager Jon Bowman told the SantaFe New Mexican.[68]

7 Awards

• 1975 Hugo Award for Best Novella for “A Song forLya”

• 1980 Hugo Award for Best Novelette for"Sandkings"

• 1980 Nebula Award for Best Novelette for “Sand-kings” (This is Martin’s only story to win both aHugo and a Nebula.)

• 1980HugoAward for Best Short Story for "TheWayof Cross and Dragon"

• 1986Nebula Award for Best Novelette for “Portraitsof His Children”

• 1988 Bram Stoker Award for Long Fiction for “ThePear-Shaped Man”

• 1989 World Fantasy Award for Best Novella for"The Skin Trade"

• 1997 Hugo Award for Best Novella for “Blood ofthe Dragon”

• 2003 Premio Ignotus for Best Foreign Novel for AGame of Thrones

• 2004 Premio Ignotus for Best Foreign Novel for AClash of Kings

• 2003 Locus Award for Best Fantasy Novel for AStorm of Swords

• 2006 Premio Ignotus for Best Foreign Novel for AStorm of Swords

• 2011 Locus Award for Best Original Anthology forWarriors (co-edited with Gardner Dozois)

• Declared by Time “One of the Most Influential Peo-ple of 2011”[4]

• 2012 Locus Award for Best Fantasy Novel for ADance with Dragons

• 2012 Hugo Award for Best Dramatic Presentation,Long Form for Game of Thrones Season 1 (Co-Executive Producer of the HBO series)

• 2012 World Fantasy Award for Life Achievement

• 2013 Hugo Award for Best Dramatic Presentation,Short Form forGame of Thrones, Season 2, Episode9, “Blackwater” (Screenwriter)

• 2014 Locus Award for Best Original Anthology forOld Mars (co-edited with Gardner Dozois)[69]

7.1 Nominations

• 1997 Nebula Award for Best Novel for A Game ofThrones[70]

• 1999 Nebula Award for Best Novel for A Clash ofKings

• 2001 Nebula Award for Best Novel for A Storm ofSwords

• 2001 Hugo Award for Best Novel for A Storm ofSwords[71]

• 2006 Hugo Award for Best Novel for A Feast forCrows [72]

• 2006 Quill Award for A Feast for Crows

• British Fantasy Award for A Feast for Crows

• 2012 Hugo Award for Best Novel for A Dance withDragons[73]

8 Bibliography

8.1 Author

8.2 Television

• The Twilight Zone

• "The Last Defender of Camelot" (1986) –writer (teleplay)

• "The Once and Future King" (1986) – writer(teleplay), story editor

• “A Saucer of Loneliness” (1986) – story editor• “Lost and Found” (1986) – writer (teleplay),from a published short story by Phyllis Eisen-stein

8.3 Editor 7

• “The Girl I Married” (1987) – story editor• “The World Next Door” (1989) – story editor• "The Toys of Caliban" (1986) – writer (tele-play), from an unpublished short story byTerry Matz

• "The Road Less Traveled" (1986) – writer(story and teleplay), story editor

• Beauty and the Beast

• “Terrible Saviour” (1987) – writer• “Masques” (1987) – writer• “Shades of Grey” (1988) – writer• “Promises of Someday” (1988) – writer• “Fever” (1988) – writer• “Ozymandias” (1988) – writer• “Dead of Winter” (1988) – writer• “Brothers” (1989) – writer• “When the Blue Bird Sings’ (1989) – writer(teleplay)

• “A Kingdom by the Sea” (1989) – writer• “What Rough Beast” (1989) – writer (story)• “Ceremony of Innocence” (1989) – writer• “Snow” (1989) – writer• “Beggar’s Comet” (1990) – writer• “Invictus” (1990) – writer

• The Outer Limits

• "The Sandkings" (1995) – writer (story)

• Doorways (1993, unreleased pilot) – writer, pro-ducer, creator; (IDW Publishing issued the pilot’sstoryline as a graphic novel miniseries in 2010)[78]

• Game of Thrones

• "The Pointy End" (2011) – writer• "Blackwater" (2012) – writer• "The Bear and the Maiden Fair" (2013) –writer

• "The Lion and the Rose" (2014) – writer

8.3 Editor

• New Voices in Science Fiction (1977: new stories bythe John W. Campbell Award winners)

• New Voices in Science Fiction 2 (1979: more newstories by the John W. Campbell Award winners)

• New Voices in Science Fiction 3 (1980: more newstories by the John W. Campbell Award winners)

• New Voices in Science Fiction 4 (1981: more newstories by the John W. Campbell Award winners)

• The Science Fiction Weight Loss Book (1983) editedwith Isaac Asimov and Martin H. Greenberg (“Sto-ries by the great science fiction writers on fat, thin,and everything in between”)

• The John W. Campbell Awards, Volume 5 (1984,continuation of the New Voices in Science Fiction se-ries)

• Night Visions 3 (1986)

8.3.1 Wild Cards series editor (also contributor tomany volumes)

• Wild Cards (1987; contents expanded in 2010 edi-tion with three new stories/authors)

• Wild Cards II: Aces High (1987)

• Wild Cards III: Jokers Wild (1987)

• Wild Cards IV: Aces Abroad (1988; contentsexpanded in 2015 edition with two new sto-ries/authors)

• Wild Cards V: Down & Dirty (1988)

• Wild Cards VI: Ace in the Hole (1990)

• Wild Cards VII: Dead Man’s Hand (1990)

• Wild Cards VIII: One-Eyed Jacks (1991)

• Wild Cards IX: Jokertown Shuffle (1991)

• Wild Cards X: Double Solitaire (1992)

• Wild Cards XI: Dealer’s Choice (1992)

• Wild Cards XII: Turn of the Cards (1993)

• Wild Cards: Card Sharks (1993; Book I of a NewCycle trilogy)

• Wild Cards: Marked Cards (1994; Book II of a NewCycle trilogy)

• Wild Cards: Black Trump (1995; Book III of a NewCycle trilogy)

• Wild Cards: Deuces Down (2002)

• Wild Cards: Death Draws Five (2006; solo novel byJohn J. Miller)

• Wild Cards: Inside Straight (2008; Book I of theCommittee triad)

• Wild Cards: Busted Flush (2008; Book II of theCommittee triad)

• Wild Cards: Suicide Kings (2009; Book III of theCommittee triad)

8 9 REFERENCES

• Wild Cards: Fort Freak (2011)

• Wild Cards: Lowball (2014)

• Wild Cards: High Stakes (announced;forthcoming)[79]

8.3.2 Cross-genre anthologies edited (with GardnerDozois)

• Songs of the Dying Earth (2009; a tribute anthol-ogy to Jack Vance´s seminalDying Earth series, firstpublished by Subterranean Press)

• Warriors (2010; a massive, cross-genre anthologyfeaturing stories about war and warriors; winner ofthe 2011 Locus Poll Award for Best Original An-thology)

• Songs of Love and Death (2010; a cross-genreanthology featuring stories of romance in fantasyand science fiction settings, originally entitled StarCrossed Lovers)

• Down These Strange Streets (2011; a cross-genre an-thology that blends classic detective stories with fan-tasy and science fiction)

• Old Mars (2013; a science fiction anthology fea-turing all new, retro-themed stories about the RedPlanet)[80]

• Dangerous Women (2013;[81] a cross-genre anthol-ogy focusing on women warriors and strong femalecharacters, originally titled Femmes Fatale)[82]

• Rogues (2014; a cross-genre anthology featuringnew stories about assorted rogues)[80]

• Old Venus (2015 publication; an anthology ofall new, retro-themed Venus science fictionstories)[80][83]

9 References[1] Richards, Linda (January 2001). “January interview:

George R.R. Martin”. januarymagazine.com. Archivedfrom the original on April 4, 2012. Retrieved January 21,2012.

[2] Choate, Trish (September 22, 2011). “Choate: Quest intoworld of fantasy books can be hobbit-forming”. TimesRecord News. Retrieved February 28, 2012.

[3] Grossman, Lev (November 13, 2005). “Books: TheAmerican Tolkien”. Time. Archived from the original onDecember 29, 2008. Retrieved August 2, 2014.

[4] The 2011 TIME 100: George R.R. Martin, John Hodg-man, April 21, 2011

[5] The 2011 TIME 100: Full List Retrieved June 5, 2011

[6] “Author George R.R. Martin Is Visiting Texas A&M,Talks ‘Game of Thrones’ and Texas A&M Libraries”.TAMUTimes (Texas A&M University). March 22, 2013.

[7] “Monitor”. Entertainment Weekly (1277/1278). Sep 20–27, 2013. p. 36.

[8] “Life & Times of George R.R.Martin”. George R.R. Mar-tin (official website). Retrieved February 27, 2012.

[9] Martin, George R. R. (October 2004). “The Heart of aSmall Boy”. Asimov’s Science Fiction. Retrieved March28, 2014.

[10] “Interview with George R.R. Martin”. Sea of Shelves. Re-trieved October 30, 2014.

[11] “The Heart of a Small Boy by George R. R. Martin”. Re-trieved October 30, 2014.

[12] Berwick, Isabel (June 1, 2012). “Lunch with the FT:George RR Martin”. Financial Times. Retrieved June 1,2012.

[13] Rutkoff, Aaron (July 8, 2011). “Garden State Tolkien:Q&A With George R.R. Martin”. The Wall Street Jour-nal. “Mr. Martin, 62 years old, says that he grew up in afederal housing project in Bayonne, which is situated ona peninsula.... 'My four years at Marist High School werenot the happiest of my life,' the author admits, althoughhis growing enthusiasm for writing comics and superherostories first emerged during this period.”

[14] Dent, Grace (interviewer); Martin, George R. R. (June 12,2012). Game Of Thrones – Interview with George R.R.Martin. YouTube.

[15] Gustines, George Gene (2014-10-03). “In the Beginning,It Was All About Comics”. The New York Times. pp.C28. Retrieved 29 July 2015.

[16] “George Stroumboulopoulos Tonight, interview withMartin”. George Stroumboulopoulos Tonight (CBC.ca).March 14, 2012. Retrieved March 15, 2012.

[17] Munson, Kyle (May 23, 2014). “Before Westeros, therewas Iowa”. Iowa City Press-Citizen.

[18] “George R.R.Martin Has a Detailed Plan For Keeping theGame of Thrones TV Show From Catching Up To Him”.Vanity Fair. Retrieved October 30, 2014.

[19] “With Morning Comes Mistfall”. Hugo Awards. Re-trieved May 22, 2012.

[20] “Index to SF Awards”. The Locus. Retrieved August 14,2012.

[21] Martin, George R.R. (May 2001). Turtledove, Harry withGreenberg, Martin H., eds. “Night of the Vampyres”.The Best Military Science Fiction of the 20th Century (NewYork: Ballantine). pp. 279–306.

[22] "'Profile' George R.R. Martin”. IMDB. Retrieved May 9,2014.

9

[23] Kerr, John Finlay (2009). Harrigan, Pat & Wardrip-Fruin, Noah [book review], eds. “Second per-son: Role-playing and story in games and playablemedia”. Transformative Works and Cultures (2).doi:10.3983/twc.2009.0095

[24] Shannon Appelcline (2011). Designers & Dragons. Mon-goose Publishing. p. 87. ISBN 978-1-907702-58-7.

[25] “Interview – George R. R. Martin – January Magazine”.Retrieved October 30, 2014.

[26] Peter Sagal (September 15, 2012). "'Thrones’ AuthorGeorge R.R. Martin Plays Not My Job”. NPR. RetrievedSeptember 16, 2012.

[27] A Feast for Crows award nominations

[28] HBO greenlights Game of Thrones to series (pic), TheHollywood Reporter, November 30, 2010

[29] VanderMeer, Jeff (July 12, 2011). “Book review: 'ADance With Dragons’ by George R.R. Martin”. Los An-geles Times.

[30] Jennings, Dana (July 14, 2011). “In a Fantasyland ofLiars, Trust No One, and Keep Your Dragon Close”. NewYork Times.

[31] “The American Tolkien” by Lev Grossman, a Times arti-cle on Martin. Retrieved on November 3, 2007.

[32] Wagner, T. M. (2003). “A Storm of Swords / George R.R. Martin ★★★★½". sfreviews.net. Retrieved July 8,2014.

[33] “Review of A Game of Thrones". Archived from the orig-inal on March 25, 2008. Retrieved November 3, 2007.

[34] Review of A Storm of Swords by Publishers Weekly

[35] “George R R Martin”. QBD The Bookshop. 2014. Re-trieved July 8, 2014.

[36] “GRRM Interview Part 2: Fantasy and History”. Time.April 18, 2011.

[37] Hobson, Anne (May 31, 2013). “Is George R.R. Martinthe “American Tolkien'?". The American Spectator. Re-trieved July 8, 2014.

[38] “Quote by George R.R. Martin: “I admire Tolkiengreatly..."". goodreads.com. 2014. Retrieved July 8,2014.

[39] Gilmore, Mikal (April 23, 2014). "'Game of Thrones’ Au-thor George R.R. Martin”. Rolling Stone. Retrieved July8, 2014.

[40] “John Hodgman interviews George R.R. Martin”. PublicRadio International. September 21, 2011. Retrieved July8, 2014.

[41] Pasick, Adam (2014). “George R.R. Martin on His Fa-vorite Game of Thrones Actors, and the Butterfly Effectof TV Adaptations”. vulture.com. Retrieved July 8, 2014.

[42] “Unnatural Forces: George RR Martin discusses the ne-cessity of magic in a fantasy”. YouTube. June 13, 2011.Retrieved July 8, 2014.

[43] “William Faulkner – Banquet Speech”. nobelprize.org.December 10, 1950. Retrieved July 8, 2014.

[44] "‘Game of Thrones’ Author George R.R. Martin Spills theSecrets of ‘A Dance with Dragons’". The Wall Street Jour-nal. July 8, 2011.

[45] Walter, Damien G. (July 26, 2011). “George RRMartin’sfantasy is not far from reality”. The Guardian. RetrievedJuly 8, 2014.

[46] Poniewozik, James (April 19, 2011). “GRRM InterviewPart 3: The Twilight Zone and Lost”. Time.

[47] Martin, George R R. “Social Media”. Not A Blog. Re-trieved May 11, 2014.

[48] Disch, Thomas M. (2005). “The Labor Day Group”(PDF). The University of Michigan Press. Retrieved July8, 2014.

[49] “Tour Dates/Appearances”. georgerrmartin.com. 2014.Retrieved July 8, 2014.

[50] “Worldcon GoH Speech”. asimovs.com. 2003. RetrievedSeptember 9, 2014.

[51] “Ansible Report”. ansible.co.uk. 2003. RetrievedSeptember 9, 2014.

[52] “George R.R. Martin’s Blog”. goodreads.com. 2014. Re-trieved July 8, 2014.

[53] Miller, Laura (April 11, 2011). “Onward and Upwardwith the Arts: Just Write It!: A fantasy author and hisimpatient fans.”. The New Yorker. Retrieved February12, 2012.

[54] Kay, Guy Gavriel (April 10, 2009). “Restless readers gobonkers”. Globe and Mail (Canada). Retrieved May 13,2010.

[55] Flood, Alison (February 16, 2010). “Excitement asGeorge RR Martin announces he’s 1,200 pages into newbook”. The Guardian (London). RetrievedMay 13, 2010.

[56] Martin, George R R. “Frequently Asked Questions –George R. R. Martin’s Official Website”. Retrieved May31, 2014.

[57] Martin, George R R (May 7, 2010). “Not A Blog – Some-one Is Angry On the Internet”. LiveJournal. RetrievedJanuary 16, 2013.

[58] “In Love With Lisa”. Life & Times. George R.R. MartinOfficial Website. Retrieved July 8, 2012.

[59] Cornell, Paul (September 12, 2011). “Worldcon: A LoveStory”. paulcornell.com. Retrieved July 8, 2014.

[60] Martin, George R.R. (June 16, 2014). “Not A Blog:Wolves”. grrm.livejournal.com. Retrieved July 8, 2014.

[61] Constable, Anne; Grimm, Julie Ann (April 18, 2013).“George R.R. Martin reportedly plans to revive JeanCocteau”. The Santa Fe New Mexican. Retrieved July 8,2014.

10 10 EXTERNAL LINKS

[62] Monroe, Rachel (11 February 2015). “How George RRMartin is helping stem Santa Fe’s youth exodus”. TheGuardian. Retrieved 12 February 2015.

[63] Jardrnak, Jackie (29 January 2015). “Silva Lanes to betransformed to an explorable art space for kids and adults”.Albuquerque Journal. Retrieved 12 February 2015.

[64] James Hibberd (July 12, 2011). “EW interview: GeorgeR.R. Martin talks 'A Dance With Dragons’". Entertain-ment Weekly.

[65] “Even 'Game of Thrones’ creator George R.R. Martin isready to quit on Jets”. NJ.com. Retrieved October 30,2014.

[66] “Ser Strike Zone: Game of Thrones author George R.R.Martin throws out the first pitch at a Minor League game”.mlb.com. Retrieved March 10, 2015.

[67] Tom Trowbridge. “Oct. 6 First News: GubernatorialCandidates To Face-Off Tonight in Spanish-LanguageDebate (Listen)". Retrieved October 30, 2014.

[68] “Jean Cocteau Get Green Light to Screen the Interview”.Santa Fe New Mexican. 2014.

[69] “2014 Locus Awards Winners”. Locus. June 28, 2014.Retrieved September 26, 2014.

[70] “2004 Award Winners & Nominees”. Worlds WithoutEnd. Retrieved 2009-07-25.

[71] “2001 Hugo Awards”. World Science Fiction Society.Archived from the original on May 7, 2011. RetrievedJune 21, 2014.

[72] “2006 Hugo Awards”. World Science Fiction Society.Archived from the original on May 7, 2011. RetrievedJune 21, 2014.

[73] “2012 Hugo Awards”. World Science Fiction Society.Archived from the original on April 9, 2012. RetrievedJune 21, 2014.

[74] “Dangerous Women: “The Princess and The Queen, or,The Blacks and The Greens” (Excerpt) by George R. R.Martin”. tor.com. July 30, 2013. Retrieved July 8, 2014.

[75] Martin, George R. R. (March 12, 2014). “Not a Blog: TheRogues Are Coming...”. grrm.livejournal.com. RetrievedMay 2, 2014.

[76] “The Ice Dragon – UK cover reveal!". HarperVoyager-books.co.uk. Retrieved October 13, 2014.

[77] “Not a Blog post: Dunk and Egg”. George R.R. Martin.Retrieved April 14, 2014.

[78] IDW’s November Previews, "IDW Publishing", August18, 2010

[79] Martin, George R.R. (August 5, 2012). “Flying High withWild Cards”. Not A Blog. Retrieved July 8, 2014.

[80] Martin, George R.R. (May 12, 2012). “Odds and Ends”.Not A Blog. Retrieved July 8, 2014.

[81] "Dangerous Women Arrives on Tor.com”. Tor.com. July24, 2013. Retrieved November 19, 2013.

[82] Martin, George R.R. (July 2, 2011). “Stuff and Non-sense”. Not A Blog. Retrieved July 8, 2014.

[83] Martin, George R.R. (June 16, 2014). “Venus In March”.Not A Blog. Retrieved July 8, 2014.

10 External links• Official website

• George R. R. Martin at the Internet Movie Database

• George R. R. Martin at the Internet Book List

• George R. R. Martin at the Internet Speculative Fic-tion Database

• Works by or about George R. R. Martin in libraries(WorldCat catalog)

• Martin’s awards and nominations at The Locus Indexto Science Fiction Awards.

11

11 Text and image sources, contributors, and licenses

11.1 Text• George R. R. 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