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Geology for Society Geology for Society –NGU in a local, regional and
international perspective international perspective
Geology for Society:gy yca. 3150 years ago
• Turin papyrus map from ancient Egypt, about 1150 BC• Made by Amennakhte (well-known ’Scribe of Tomb’)• Made by Amennakhte (well-known Scribe of Tomb )• Made for a quarrying expedition sent to Wadi Hammamat
by king Ramesess IV (1156-1150 C)• Made to obtain blocks of the bekhen-stone
Mapping mineral resources from ti aeromagnetic surveys
LarvikiteE t l i 2005 84 illi E• Export value in 2005: 84 million Euro
• Reserves: 10-20 billion Euro
National databases are in place …
So, what is Geology for Society?, gy y
Geology for Society?
Water & food
MineralsSafety
Energy
Gl b l G th R t Global Growth Rates (Real GDP)
Country/Region 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007* 2008*% Change from Previous Period
World 4.0 5.3 4.9 5.4 4.9 4.9World 4.0 5.3 4.9 5.4 4.9 4.9Advanced Economies 1.9 3.3 2.5 3.1 2.5 2.7Australia 3.1 3.7 2.8 2.7 2.6 3.3China 10.0 10.1 10.4 10.7 10.0 9.5J 1 4 2 7 1 9 2 2 2 3 1 9Japan 1.4 2.7 1.9 2.2 2.3 1.9Korea 3.1 4.7 4.2 5.0 4.4 4.4United States 2.5 3.9 3.2 3.3 2.2 2.8
* = projected data
Source : IMF - World Economic Outlook April 2007
Changes in average annual metal prices f 2005 06 t 2006 07from 2005-06 to 2006-07
160% Change
120
140
160US$ A$
60
80
100
0
20
40
-20
0
Oil
Alu
min
a
ron
Ore
Lum
p
Nic
kel
Cob
alt
Gol
d
Cop
per
Lead
Zinc Ti
nSource: LME, Kitco, TEX Report, Metal Prices
A I
Eksportverdi av norske mineraler(mill. 2002-kroner)
3 000
Export value of Norwegian minerals 2006
2 500
3 000
Industrimineraler
1 500
2 000
500
1 000
Metaller
Naturstein/skifer
Pukk/molostein
0
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
Kull
E 2006Export 2006:
700 million Euros
Export share: Export share: 61%
Tellnes Ilmenite deposit (produced by Titania AS)(produced by Titania AS)
• Reserves: > 300 Mt• 28% ilmenite
+ Ni-sulfide and magnetite
Norway: 7-8 % of World production (Ti-content)
Stone material from NorwayStone material from Norway
400
500
600
K
25% of the Norwegian production is exported; Ca. 0.5 % of EUs need
Export valuesAggregate and Armourstone200
300
Mill
. NO
K
0
100
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
Databases for mineral resources on internet
www prospecting nowww.prospecting.no
www.ngu.nog
The ever growing need for energy
Use of fossil fuels continues to rise faster than that of any other source of energy
Energy use, 1990, 2003, and 2030
Source: IEA
Energy use, 1990, 2003, and 2030 (billions of metric tons of oil equivalent)
Large petroleum potential in the Arctic
25% of the undiscovered resources to be found in the Arctic
IODP Leg 302, ACEX 2004IODP Leg 302
Sovetskiy Soyuz
Oden
Vidar VikingVidar Viking
Exploration Challenges
Exploring the Exploring the Frontiers –
Uniting the Arctic
The geology of theB t SBarents Sea
Compilation of VSEGEI and NGU data: Grid 2 x 2 km
Multiple use of data:Hydrocarbon leakage marine habitats sites for installationsHydrocarbon leakage – marine habitats – sites for installations
Paleocene sandstone
Cretaceous shale
Hard and soft
seabed
Shared knowledge through common d i f t t and open infrastructures:
Renewable energy resourcese e ab e e e gy esou ces
Use of renewable sources of sources of energy is growing, but is still small
Source: World Bank data files /IEA
Geothermal Energygy
Uranium i bedrock Calculated heat production
Global water supply
• Worldwide 1.1 billion people lack access to cleandrinking water drinking water
• About one-third of the world’s population (2 billion people) depends on groundwaterO thi d f th l b l l ti li i t i ith• One-third of the global population live in countries withmoderate to high water stress
• 40% increase in global water use is expected by 2020• Cost per year of bringing poor people universal access
to water by 2015 will be $30 billion
Implementing the EU Water Framework DirectiveFramework Directive
National groundwater databasesgMonitoring of groundwater quality (LGN)Mapping of aquifers
Ground water geochemistryWaterwells design
Arsenic-affected st eam ate and stream water and
soil in Europe
Arsenic in water and soil often results from natural processes in mineralized areas
Geochemical Mapping of Agricultural Soils (GEMAS)(GEMAS)
EuroGeoSurveys cooperation y pproject:
34 European countries
5.6 mill. km2
1 site / 2500 km2
c. 2500 samples ”grasing land soils”
l
Sample materials:
c. 2500 samples ”agricultural soil”
Geochemistry
The International Polar Year project 317:The International Polar Year project 317:
Flux of sediment-associated chemical elements in rivers draining to the Arctic Ocean
Svalbard
Pechora
Severnaya Dvina
IPYIPY-The International Polar Year
2007-2008
• Arctic Natural Climate and Environmental Changes and Human Environmental Changes and Human Adaption: From Science to Public awareness
• Permafrost Observatory Project: A contribution to the thermal state of permafrost in Norway and Svalbard
• Flux of sediment-associated chemical elements in rivers draining to the Arctic Ocean”Ocean
Society safetyy y
• Clean water & safe food (medical geology) Clean water & safe food (medical geology)
• Safe storage of nuclear & industrial waste
• Prediction and prevention of geohazards• Prediction and prevention of geohazards
• Challenges related to climatic change
Increased research on GeohazardsIncreased research on Geohazards
• Risk and vulnerability analysis: landslides and earthquakes
• Stability of rock slopes and soil slopes
• Offshore geohazards
• Slide dynamics
• Tsunamies
• Graduate programmes in geohazards
The Åknes-Tafjord project
Eff t f l b l i d Effects of global warming and climatic change?
% increase in autumn frain from 1961-1990 to
2071-2100
International Research Plattforms
Focus on the North:Mineral resources
Geology of the Barents SeaIPY
IODPGlobally:IYPEIUGSIUGS
OneGeologyICDP
The European perspective:EuroGeoSurvey
EEIGEuropean Mineral Resources
Geothermal EnergyGEMAS
Geology for Society
• Be responsive to the needs of the society• Look for holistic approaches and combined
solutionssolutions• Keep both the geosphere and the biosphere
persepectivesH l k l d l f• Help to create a common knowledge platform
• Share knowledge and technology on an openacess basis