Institute of Geological SCiences

LIBRARY

REPUBLIC OF BOTSWANA

ANNUAL REPORT

OFTHE

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

DEPARTMENT

FOR THE YEAR

1979

PRICE: P3,OO

PRI0:TED BV THE GOV1';Rl\MI~!\"T PH.Jl\TER, G,\130ROt'E, BOTS\\',\l'\'\

1. GENERAL

1.1 INTRODUCTION

The Geological Survey Department, part of the Ministry of Mineral

Resources and Water Affairs continued its primary role of gathering and

assessing data on all aspects of the rocks, minerals and underground water

of Botswana. There were no major changes in staffing or organisational

structure which remained. as a Directorate, three operational divisions

(Regional mapping, Hydrogeology and Economic Geology) six technical

service branches (Laboratory, Geophys~cs, Drawing Offices, Lapidiary work­

shop, Library and Drilling); plus Administration.

1.2 DIRECTOR'S REPORT AND ASSESSMENT OF THE YEAR'S ACTIVITIES

The year 1979 marked the end of a decade of expansion and progress in

the Botswana Geological Survey in which mineral inventory activities were

firmly and effectively extended into the Kalahari. It is gratifying to be

able to record the enthusiasm and confidence which the aid agenoies have

shown in helping the Department to embark on this lengthy and formidable

task. The Kalahari has always been identified as a hostile environment for

geological exploration and both Government and the Private Sector have

previously shown a reluctance to undertake meaningful and sustained

investigations in the region. The reasons usually offered are the difficult

logistic and geological problems to be encountered and the high cost of such

work. Doubtless these reasons are valid. The region is immense, mainly

without access and surface water, and bedrock is covered by an average 100 m

and in some places over 200 m of superficial Kalahari deposits. On the other

hand there are equally valid incentives to explore the geology and mineral

potential of the Kalahari basin. The region is surrounded by outcropping

rocks which are host to some of the richest mineral deposits in the world.

Also structural evidence suggests that many of the mineralised

1

formations which support major mines in east Botswana, the Transvaal,

Zimbabwe, the .northern Cape and Namibia trend towards and pass beneath the

Kalahari surface. The suggestion is therefore that the Kalahari marks a

conjunction of important metallogenic provinces. Such overriding consider­

ations have eventually influenced policy makers into adcpting a more

pcsitive approach towards the geological exploration of the Kalahari and

much has been done over the l'ast few years in formulating and implementing

a massive programme of work in the region. Concurrently with Government

initiative in planning and .executing regional geophysical surveys, the

Private Sector has developed interest in prospecting for commodities in the

Kalahari such as diamonds, coal and radio-active minerals. With these

factors in mind the Geological Survey has developed an increasingly active

approach towards extending its mineral inventory work in the Kalahari

region. An extensive programme of work based upon the results and interpre­

tations of the national gravity and airborne magnetic surveys was launched

in 1979 and planning has continued with extending this work during the

1980's. Three approaches are being pursued with the ultimate object of

identifying mineralised bedrock or prospects which can be handed over to the

Private Sector for detailed evaluation and mining feasibility work.

The first step is reconnaissance drilling to prove the reliability of

the interpretation of the airborne mafTIetic survey and to establish the

geological causes responsible for regional magnetic signatures and some

specific large features. This programme - the GS12 Airborne Magnetic

Survey Follow-up Drilling Project is being implemented with the financial

and technical assistance of the Canadian International Development Agency

and will involve 11 000 m of drilling at 24 selected sites. Ground

geophysics to position the sites precisely commenced in September 1979 and

drilling is expected to start early in 1980 and will last fcr 2 1/2 years.

2

As a further step the Geological Survey using its own resources will inte­

grate with the drilling programme to undertake heavy mineral and geochemical

surveys over magnetic features and to execute a mineral reconnaissance of

Ngamiland where a number of significant magnetic and gravity features occur

at fairly shallow depths.

Finally a more detailed investigation of specific provinces is being

undertaken with the help of other international aid agencies. Logically

such work should follow the reconnaissance drilling but aid agencies have

shown such enthusiasm in collaborating in this work that 3 - 4 year projects

under the GS17 Mineral Exploration of the Kalahari Programme were initiated

by West Germany and Japan during 1979. The United Kingdom and possibly

France will join in similar surveys in 19BO. A technical assistance team

from West Germany undertook ground geophysics in Ngamiland and the Okwa and

Tshane areas during the field season as a preliminary.step to selecting

areas for intensified geophysical investigations and drilling in subsequent

years. The team confirmed that some major features notably the prominent

north-south magnetic zone termed the Kalahari line originate at depths .of

BOO m or more which makes it difficult to justify detailed follow-up

drilling at the present time. The team from Japan investigated the soil

geochemistry of the Vumba Schist Belt north of Francistown and then extended

their work westwards towards the Matsitama area where the Archaean green­

stone belt passes beneath Kalahari cover. A programme of airborne EM work

is being planned for 19BO.

Discussions were held during the year with aid teams from the United

Kingdom and France on conducting similar surveys respectively over the

Molopo Farms Ultrabasic ComplAx in the south and certain prominent magnetic

provinces in the Central Kalahari. By the year's end only funding for the

United Kingdom project had been confirmed and work is expected to begin on

3

the survey in April 1980. A thorough investigation of the Molopo Farms

Complex is very desirable. Four companie.s held concessions over the area

during the 1970's and identified geological conditions which suggest close

comparison with the strongly mineralised Bushveld Basin of the Transvaal.

Unfortunately this work was never sustained to the point where positive

conclusions could be drawn and there remain many problems to solve.

Although there are indications of significant asbestos and magnetite minera­

lisation associated with the layered ultrabasic rocks the overall mineral

potential of the region which could include such impor.tant commodities as

copper, nickel, chromium, platinum and vanadium has not been established.

Before leaving the Kalahari it is worthwhile recording that useful

discussions were held with geological and hydrogeological missions from the

United States Geological Survey which visited the Department early in the

year. Both teams were enthusiastic about the potential the Kalahari could

play in Botswana's future development. Possible technical assistance was

discussed involving detailed investigations into the stratigraphy, geomor­

phology and palaeoclimatology of the Kalahari. The hydrogeological team

further recommended exploration of groundwater potential in the deep

Kalahari with future livestock and mining developments in mind.

Facilities at the Geological Survey Headquarters in Lobatse were

expanded during the year with Phase 1 of a revised building programme being

virtually completed. A Geophysics Block, Mineral Laboratory and new

Mechanical Workshop were completed and roadways and a new carpark construc­

ted. Planning for Phase 11 which will include a new Administrative Block,

an Extension to the Library and a Core Shed was undertaken and it is hoped

that the contract for building will be awarded early in 1980. The Mineral

Laboratory, built and equipped with finance from West Germany, is particu­

larly welcome, and will provide needy facilities for sample preparation,

4

mineral testing and optical work including a microscope store. The

testing facilities will allow a more complete evaluation of Botswana's

industrial rocks and minerals and work on these commodities can now be

stepped up. The additional office and laboratory space provided by the new

buildings is also very welcome in view of the increasing number of super­

numerary technical cooperation officers attached to the Department in

support of development projects.

Apart from continued attention to limestones, clays and glass silica

the Economic Geology Division undertook reconnaissance geochemical sampling

over the Kraaipan inliers of the Kaapvaal craton and investigated a gossan

in the Ramotswa area. The latter proved to be the result of a high pyrites

content in graphitic slates of the Transvaal Supergroup. The Department

continued to assist in checking for Government the diamond content of the

Kimberlite at the Jwaneng Mine by independently analysing figures provided

by the De Beers Prospecting Company.

Increased interest was shown in Botswana as an attractive country for

company investment in mineral exploration and development. Over 60 pros­

pecting concessions were in force during the year with special attention

being paid to diamonds, copper, coal and radio-active minerals. Two new

major kimberlite fields were discovered in the southwest Kalahari and

feasibility surveys commenced to evaluate the mineability of vast reserves

of export grade thermal coal identified in the Greater Morupule Coalfield.

Encouraging results were obtained from feasibility work carried out on the

copper deposits of the Matsitama-Bushman area and there was renewed interest

in the vast brine resources of Sowa Pan as a source of potash rather than

soda ash. The search for radio-active minerals continued over fossil river

valleys in the northwest Kalahari in an attempt to locate Yeelirie-type

deposits. With the rapid rise in the price of gold during the second half

5

of the year a proposal was received to evaluate gold remaining in old '

mining dumps in the Francistown area but there was otherwise little progress

in the prospects for re-opening old mines in the Tati Concession.

Work on the reconnaissance groundwater mapping of Botswana by the

Hydrogeology Division continued despite staffing shortages, and the first

two coloured sheets in the Reconnaissance Hydrogeological Series at the

1: 500 000 scale were published. These were enthusiastically received by

Government and the Private Sector. Assistance was given to the Water

Utilities Corporation in searching for groundwater to augment the Lobatse­

Gaborone water supply and a basin providing a number of high yielding ex­

ploratory boreholes was successfully located near Otse. The Department was

also involved in drawing up the terms of reference for monitoring a ground­

water feasibility study contracted out by the Botswana Power Corporation as

part of their plans to build a thermal power station in the Morupule area.

The GS10 Groundwater Evaluation Project sponsored by the United

Kingdom Technical Assistance completed a third year of investigations which

included the drilling and pump-testing of observation wells in the Kweneng,

Otse and Artesia areas and the study of two selected pans as possible loci

for groundwater recharge in the Kalahari. Work is now being planned towards

extrapolating the results obtained in the two main study areas round Serowe

and Letlhakeng into surrounding areas known to be floored by potential

Karoo aquifers. This will involve additional drilling for which a further

P250 000 has been granted by the United Kingdom.

Improved staffing in the Field Mapping Division permitted extension of

the regional mapping of the exposed eastern strip to the Dikgomo-di-kae and

Jwaneng areas in the south. Revision mapping of the Serowe, Gaborone and

Lobatse sheets was completed and this work is currently being documented.

6

The Division was also involved in the compilation of a monograph on the

WaterbergSupergroup and assisted in the collection of further hard rock

samples in support of a programme being sponsored by the United Kingdom for

radiometrically dating Botswana's major rock units.

The Department collaborated with the South African Council for

Scientific and Industrial Research in launching a project to evaluate the

use of data from the Heat Capacity Mapping Mission satellite for possibly

mapping certain infra red-responsive formations which pass beneath Kalahari

cover. The satellite has however malfunctioned and only daylight imagery,

which because of reflected heat is less suitable than pre-dawn imagery, has

so far been collected.

Technical Service Branches operated satisfactorily during the year

although the Chemistry Laboratory was short staffed because of problems

encountered in replacing an expatriate chemist. There were also protracted

delays in repairing compressors which markedly affected groundwater drilling

in the Resources Investigation Drilling Unit. A local Mineral Dresser was

appointed to run the new Mineral Laboratory but because of delays in in-

stalling power the laboratory.had not become functional at the olose of the

year. Requests for services by other Departments and agencies of Government

continued at a high level. In particular the number of identifications made

for the police in cases involving suspected theft of uncut precious stones

has again increased substantially.

Five development projects were active in the Department in 1979 and

planning or feasibility studies were undertaken in connection with a further

four projects. Progress under the G808 (Geological Survey Buildings)

Project, the G810 (Groundwater Evaluation) Project, the G811 (Mineral

Laboratory) Project, the G812 (Airborne Magnetic 8urvey Follow-up Drilling)

Project and GS17 (Mineral Exploration of the Kalahari) has already been

alluded to above. A team from the Uppsala Seismological Institute visited

7

the Department to advise on technical requirements such as instrumentation

and telemetry and to discuss long term institutional cooperation for the

proposed GS16 (Okavango Seismicity) Project. It is desirable that this

project is staffed with a local seismologist and because of this together

with its low economic priority the project has now been deferred to the mid

1980's. Due to the diversion of West German commodity aid funds to other

projects in 1979 the field and laboratory equipment which was to have been

acquired under the GS18 (Geological Survey Equipment) Project was deferred.

A revised list of items was however drawn up for supply in 1980/81. A

project memorandum was drawn up for a GS19 (Resource Driller Training)

Project to train a limited number of local diamond drillers for the

Department and a consultant appointed by the Canadian International

Development Agency visited Botswana to evaluate the requirements. A

memorandum was also compiled for a GS2) (Geological Survey Drilling) Project

with the object of acquiring a standby supply of drilling spares and equip­

ment and a multipurpose rotary drilling rig for groundwater exploration in

the deep Kalahari.

Staffing in the Department remained, on the whole, satisfactory despite

the introduction of ceilings policy by Government in which a number of un­

filled posts were frozen. The main effect of this was to delay the appoint­

ment of a coal geologist and although the post was unfrozen in July it

remained vacant throughout the year. One post of Chemist also remained

vacant following the departure of an expatriate incumbent in July and the

subsequent attempt by Government to identify a local candidate for the post.

On the administrative side two important posts - those of Supplies Officer

and Finance Officer were vacant, the former being filled towards the end of

the year. These omissions from the staff had an adverse effect on the

general efficiency of support services.

8

Progress contimled in the Department's training and localisation

programme. One further geologist post was localised with the return of a

Motswana with qualifications obtained in Nigeria. Five further trainees

were sent to study geology in Canada three sponsored by the Canadian

Government and two with scholarships awarded by De Beers. With the setting

up of a Department of Earth Sciences at the University College in Gaborone

and the planned intake of students for a 5-year course from 1980 it is

anticipated that there will be an adequate inflow of 'professionally quali­

fied Batswana from 1985 onwards. During the year two serving officers com­

pleted overseas courses in cartography and one technical assistant attended

a short courses in electronics in Malawi. A further technical assistant

left for UK on a two year laboratory technicians course sponsored by the

British Council. A trainee returned from a course in West Germany and was

appointed Mineral Dresser at the end of the year.

The Director, Dr. C. R. Jones, continued on secondment from the UK

Institute of Geological Sciences throughout the year. Amongst other things

Dr. Jones compiled a comprehensive report on the status of the Department to

mark the end of the decade.

1.3 FINANCIAL SUMMARY

(i) Recurrent Budget

The total recurrent expenditure for the financial year 1978/1979

was P543 769 as against P448 874 for the previous year.

This showed a 21% increase which is due to toe normal growth. The

figures for expenditure on each subhead during 1978/79 were as

follows:-

201 Personal Emoluments

202 Travelling and Transport

9

P

399 466

14 081

calcretes. In the early part of the year they were awarded a further six

prospecting licences over areas in Ngamiland and Ghanzi. The main targets

for their exploration were the calcrete deposits within the fossil drainage

channels of central and western Botswana. Drilling is in progress over

located anomalies.

4. HYDROGEOLOGY

4.1 Introduction

The Hydrogeology Division advises the Minister of Mineral Resources &

Water Affairs on all matters concerning groundwater. It monitors the

activities of Consultants engaged in various groundwater studies within the

country. The Division is also responsible for collection, storage and

retrieval of all data from boreholes drilled within Botswana. Special

attention was devoted to the preparation of several map sheets of the

"Hydrogeological Reconnaissance Maps of the Republic of Botswana" series at

a scale of 1: 500 000; of which three Nos 3, 5 and 6 have been published.

A workshop on hydrogeology was held for District Administrative

Officers at Molepolole. From 12th to 20th June a Commonwealth Geological

Liaison Office workshop on hydrogeology was held at the Geological Survey in

which all officers of the Division participated, some of them contributing

to it through lectures. A paper called "Groundwater Research within

Botswana - past, present and future" was delivered. The Division was

further involved in the "Seminar on Geophysics and its Role 'in the Ex­

ploration of the Kalahari" in February.

4.2 Staff

Dr. G. Goldberg, Principal Geologist (Hydrogeology) was assisted by

three hydroP'eologists. Dr. W. Dechend whose contract terminated at the end

of March was replaced by Dr. Chr. Neumann-Redlin, both officers being

seconded from the German Government service. The other two hydrogeologists,

19

I1

i I

HYDRoGEOLDGICAL RECONNAISSANCE MAPS OF THE REPUBLIC OF BOTSWANA AT SCALE 1: 500 000 PROGRESS IN MAPPING AS AT 1.1.1980

..... , .... , .. , ..

Published

1:::::::1 At press .......

I: : : : : : I Awaiting production : : : : :: in Drawing Office

.. .... ,

~ Under production lliJ..U] in Drawing Office

D Prep,rntion 1980/81

Messrs G.A.G. Nelisse and J. Davies left the Department at the end of

September. Mr. M. Sekwale, geologist (Hydrogeology) joined the Division in

mid-May when he become full-time counterpart to the GS10 project.

The staff of the U.K. sponsored "Evaluation of Underground Water

Resources" project GS10 consisted of a team leader Mr. M. J. Jones (until

May), a deputy team leader Mr. J. L. Farr who assumed control as Acting

Team leader from early May onwards, and two assistant hydrogeologists

Mrs. J. H. Baron (nee Whitelaw) and Mr. C.S. Cheney.

4.3 Staff Deployment

Dr. Goldberg apart from administering the Division and supervising the

work of its staff was also engaged in various types of consultative activi­

ties to the Ministry, mainly monitoring the work carried out by Consultants.

Assistance was also rendered to the Ministry, Department of Water Affairs,

and Consultants, in connection with the Lobatse Sewerage Study. Several

meetings were attended together with other divisional staff referring to the

groundwater potential of the Jwaneng area, Lobatse Estates wellfield, the

proposed Transkalahari Railway and the groundwater occurrences along the

Lobatse - Ramatlabama, the Nata - Maun, the Jwaneng - Ghanzi and the Palapye

Serowe roads. As Botswana's official delegate Dr. Goldberg attended the

"11th Regular Meeting of the SARCCUS Standing Committee for Hydrology" at

Stellenbosch, where a paper ,,,as presented on the "State and Objective for

the Production of the Hydrogeological Reconnaissance Maps of the RepUblic of

Bots;lana" • H( also took pert in the mee ting of "SARCCUS Subcommittee on

Remote Sensing" at Pretoria. He went on a two-weeks visit to the Federal

Republic of Germany to maintain professional contact with his home Depart­

ment.

Dr. Dechend completed work on map sheet Nos. 3 and 4 of the Hydrogeo_

logical Reconnaissance Maps and introduced his successor Dr. Neumann-Redlin

21

during an overlapping period of two weeks into his field of work.

Dr. Neumann-Redlin was mainly working on the compilation of map sheet

Nos. 1 and 2 and was responsible for the standardization of all hydrogeo­

logical and hydrochemical data for the above map sheets of this s8ries.

In connection with this work he undertook two field visits to northern

Botswana.

Mr. Nelisse finalized drafting of map sheets Nos. 9 and 10 and started

compiling borehole data for sheet No. 7. A new 1: 500 000 borehole location

map was produced for this area. Boreh~le data forms for several 1: 125 000

ma.p sheets were compiled as an ongoing data standardi.zation programme.

Professional notes were written on the groundwater conditions of the

Hukuntsi and KUle-Ncojane areas. The officer was on overseas leave ll-'1til

12.1.1979.

Upon request of WR.ter Utilities Corporation Mr. J. Davies was mainly

occupied with the Lobatse Estates Groundw"ter Resources Study for which a

comprehensive compilation and assessment of all data and reports apper­

taining to the Lobatse wellfield were required. Mr. Davies submitted the

chapter describing the hydrogeology of the Kalatraverse area. He compiled

data relating to exploration companies water wells drilled withi.n Botswana.

Field trips were undertaken to various areas on several days for local

hydrogeological investigations.

5. REGIONAL GEOLOGY

5.1 General Statement

The Regional Mapping Division was staffed by a principal geologist

Dr. Key, a geologist Mr. Machacha and an assistant geologist Mr. Tombale.

Dr. Key completed the remapping of quarter degree sheets 2425D and 2525B.

District Memoir 5 which will describe the geology of this area was almost

completed. Mr. Machacha finished the bulletin describing the geology of

22

6. GEOPHYSICS

6.1 Introduction

i

The geophysics section W8.S engaged on a vari.ety of field program-

mes during the year and was actively involved with two development projects.

Mr. R. J. Peart continued as counterpar'; geophysicist to the GS10 Under-

grotmd Water Evaluation project, with an overall committment of 75!{,.

Mr. D. G. Hutchins became counterpart geophysicist to the GS.12 CrDA

Kalahari Project on return from overseas leave with an estimated 5cf'/o

commi ttment to the project.

Development Pro.jects 6.2

6.2.1 GS10 Undhground Water Evaluation

Surface geophysics comprisir:g electrical resistivity traverses and

soundings and magnetometric traverses v[ere undertaken across t.wo pans

(Moga tse and Mashi':"a-potsana) some 20 kms. west of KUkong (central Kalahari)

in an attempt to determip.e to what extent the fo,cmation of pims is due to !

underlying geological structure. The magnetic traverses indicate that both

of the pans studied do occur over structural featu·res. 'I'he resistivity

work suggests that underlying hoth pan and inter-pan zones there occurs a

thick sedimentary sequence of uniformly low a.ppareEt resistivity. Little

correlation was noted between the chemistry of shallow pan sediments and

resistivity values.

Mr. Peart spent two weeks in the Ma.boane area to test the use of

geoelcctrical methods in determining basement topography. The area had

been previously successfully surveyed by Wellfield Services using gravi-

metics. A combination of electrical soundings and gra.dient array electrical

traversing indica.ted that the basement topography can be efficiently mapped

using these alternative metrlods.

30

i

In Eovember 8""d ear1y December field work wal4 conducted in the Serule

area to determine the basement topography, for the siting of boreholes

along lines similar to those sunk successfully in the ,Jwaneng Area. The

dense bush cover delayed line cutting and necessitated a modification to

the geophysical programme.

Initially electrical soundings were to be conducted on a 5 km grid

over the area, but the inordinate amount of line cutting required has

necessitated that gravity and rrlagnetic profiles were conducted instead.

Soundings were only conducted in a few kElY locations to aid the inter­

pretation of the gravity and magnetic profiles.

During the year Mr. Milner conducted borehole logs (calipeJ; ,density.

neutron, g8JP.ma and resistivity), in ths K"eneng area at Teshane, Tsia,

Mananyane and Letlhakeng. ~lr. 11ilner also logged four boreholes (tempe­

rature/conductivity) in the JVIoroek"e area (north of Lobatse) on behalf of

the GS10 Projeot for the Gabc-rone/Lobatse 'later supply study.

6.2.2 GS12 CIDA Kalahari Project

Mr. H. Meixner (Projeot Leader) and Mr. R. R. Marvin (Geophysical

operator) arrived on 30th ,July. Field operations commenced early October.

and nine possible sites were surveyed by the end of, the year. DepartmentaL

involvement, in addition to the provision of field personnel, has included

the plann-Lng of the geophysical surveys, supervision of data quali ty and an

inl tial quaLLta tive interrreta tion of the survey data. (iuanti ta tIve inter­

pretation will be completed before the commencement of drilling mid 1980.

Other Geophysical Activities

Borehole siting

The department is still involved in bcrehole siting from time to

time despite the official transfer of borehole siting activi tie.s to the

department of Water Affairs. Electrical and magnetic methods a'ce generally

31

applied and boreholes were sited geophysically at Khudumelapye in the

Kweneng District, north of Lobatse near Nuane dam for the Water Utilities

Corporation, and on farms near Sherwood in the 'Puli Block.

6.3.2 Aeromagnetic Follow-up

Magnetic traversing was conducted over a circular anomaly located

wi thin the Gaborone Granite west of Tham8.ga, near Kubung, Ngwaketse

District. A Circular magnetic high in excess of 1500 gammas was identified

with an associated 'plate' type anomaly to the south. Drilling to 63 m on

the circular anomaly intersected a highly magnetic gabbro, possibly a

volcanic plug. Drilling to the south is planned for early 1980.

6.3.3 Kalatraverse

The geophysics section of the Kalatraverse bulletin was completed.

The geological, geomorphological and geophysical data is to be presented in

map form, 2 sheets covering thc Rysana Pan area and Deception pan area at

1: 250 000. The Bulletin and maps are to be published 1980.

6.3.4 Electronics Workshop

Mr. Milner undertook routine maintenance of the depar~;ments geo­

physical equipment, H.F. Radios, chemical labora tcry equipment a.ne.

electrical/electronic office equipment. Najor maintenance included the

following: -

1. complete re-wiring of the Department of Agricul t;lre' s Sperry

NavigateI' system.

2. Installation of the Gearhart-Owen borehole logging system in Ford

F250.

3. Development of a distance ~nformation translat.or for the Sperry

NaYigai,or system.

4. Design and construction of a slide-sound synchroniseI' for the

Gabo:cone Trade Fair.

r The geology of the Kodibeleng area

Bull Geological Survey Botswana .14

7.4.2 Articles published in Scientific Journals

Skinner AC 1979

Butterworth JS 1979 Chemical analysis of archeological deposits from

Key RM 1979

7.4.3 Reports

Thatswane Hill Botswana.

South Afr. Journal,s 01 sc,ience12 pp 408 - 409

Stratiform manganese mineralisation in the Palapye

Group, eastern Botswana.

Trans I.M.M. (Sect. B: Applied Earth Science) ~

pp 137 - 144

The lollowing technical reports were prepared during the year and

filed in the Geological Survey Archives. Copies may be obtained upon

request to the Director.

Butterworth JS 1979

-------------- 1979

1979

1979

Davies J 1979 .

An investigation into the pollution hazard to

the Lobatse aquifer 01 the BMC irrigation scheme.

(also WJL!11!74) JSB!5!79.

An investigation into the possibility of using low

temperature crystallisation for the production of

pure sodium chloride solution from Sua Pan brine

JSB!6!79.

Archaeological samples fr'om Thatswane Hi'Ll

settlements. JSB!7!79.

Further test work on Sua Pan brine

JSB!8/79.

Jwaneng groundwater resources study area A:_

Final report

JD!4!79.

40

------------- 1979 Hydrogeophysical surveys on the farms Stevensford

5 - MQ and Selika Ranch ·1 - MQ, near Sherwood Ranch,

TLlli Block Central District

RJP/15/79.

1979 Hydrogeophysical surveys on the Ranches B4 and B7

Kweneng Second Development area

Unpublished reports prepared by the U.K. sponsored GS10 Project

Farr JL and Baron JH

1979

Farr JL, 1979 Baron JH, and Milner E

Cheney CS

Peart RJ

Baron JH

Cheney CS

Farr JL

1979

1979

1979

1979

1979

An investigation into sLlpplementary groundwater

sources for aLlgmentation of the Gaborone/Lobatse

water sLlpply GS10Report GS10/7.

Hydrogeological investigations into the Karoo

Formations of the Dibete area, Kgatleng District

GS10/S.

A groundwater inventory of the GS10 Serowe Study

block GS10 -Record N" .3.

Surface geophysical stuqies in the Malabala area

(Serowe study block) GS10 {le cord N" 7.

Annotated bibliography of c\,-lcrete 'and pans in

Botswana and related areas GS10 Record N"S.

A summary of the information stLldy drilling

progr~e in the Letlhakeng area GS10 Record N" 9.

The results of the GS10 aquifer testing and

geophysical logging programme in the Cave Sandstone

area of Northern Kweneng GS Technical Note N" 1.

PeartRJ 1979 :. An example of the mapping of basement topography

by geo-electrical and gravimetric techniques

(Kweneng District) GS10 Technical Note N° 6.

44

8. VISITORS TO GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

The following people visited the Department and were assisted in their

various interests. The list does not include other Botswana Government

personnel or Mining company representatives seeking prospecting

opportunities.

Dr. Wright 1. G.S London

Mr. Moulder U.S.G.S.

Mr. 'Wood

Mr. Read USAID

Mr. Roe Cornell University USA.

Mr. Kiron Ministry of Water Development, Kenya.

Mr. Beoven~ Mr. Toole

T.R.R.L. U.K.

Mr. Van der Westhuizen~

Mr, Vice C.S.I.R. Pretoria

Mr. Botha

Mr. Broadhurst E.E.C.

Mr. KUlhanek~

Mr. Meyer Upsala, Sweden.

Mr. Hogarth British High Commission

Dr. O'Connor Galway University

Mr. Falconer~

Mr. Hart ECA Kenya

Mr. Buller crDA Canada

Dr. overstreet~

Dr. Andreasen TT .S.G.S

Mr. Hughes ~ Dr. Masson-Smi th

LG.S. London

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