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B~ITISH CEOLOCIC~ SURVEY _. LIBRARY SERVICES
___ ~~_al_ ,No. \(' v c \"1 c) C)
Scan -_j Display ~1 __ ._ _ _ Geosystems
Map ~~ Min. Int. ~~.:_ .. ____ 1 Min. Slats. Circulate to: Return to Library
REPUBLIC OF BOTSWANA
ANNUAL REPORT
OFTHE
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY
DEPARTMENT
FOR THE YEAR
1976
PRIl\"TED BY THE GOVERl'\MENT PRlr\TER, GABOROI"E, BOTSWAKA
1. GENERAL
1.1 Introduction
The Geological Survey Department remained part of the
Ministry of Mineral Resources and Water Affairs and continued
in its primary function cf gathering data on all aspects of
the rocks and minerals of Botswana. There were no major cha
nges in the organisation of the Department which comprises a
Directorate (Director, Deputy Director and assistant Director);
three Operational Divisions (Regional Mapping, Hydrogeology
and Economic Geclogy); six Technical Service Branches (Labora
tory, Geophysics, Drawing Office, Lapidary Worksho~ Library
and Drilling); plus Administration and Training wings. A de
cision was taken however to modify the Department's activities
in 1977 when respcnsibility for underground water production
will be transferred to the Department of Water Affairs.
1.2 Summary of Year's Work
The professional and technical cadres were almost fully
staffed making 1976 a very productive year in all operational
activities of the Department. Only the post of Technical
Records officer remained vacant for much of the year and the
post of Principal Chemist was vacated in July on the departure
of Mr. L.G. Hutton after 8 years' service. Two German geo
logists were recruited through West German Technical Aid and
one Dutch hydro geolo gi s t under Dutch Techni cal Coopera tion.
Two recently graduated local geologists also joined the Depar
tment allowing locali zation of a further two professional
posts. Professional and technical expatriates will continue
to f'J rm the ba ckbone of the Departmen t for several years to
come but there is now an inc'reasing number of students schedu
led to study geological sciences in overseas institutions and
a definite pattern of locali zation is becoming increasingly
established. In the technical cadres, progress in the tra
ining of local officers continued under the formal Driller
1
Training Scheme and at the informal level at Headquarters and
through a day-release scheme whereby technical assistants are
given basic science tuition at the National Vocational Training
Centre. In December a Peace Corps Volunteer was appointed to give
in-service training to Laboratory Assistants. The Administrative
Officer, Mr. K.F. Mokobi, attended a 6-week management course at
the Institute of Development Management ,in Gaborone.
Under the Department's regional mapping programme revision
mapping of nine quarter degree sheets comprising the Mahalapye
block was completed. The arrival in April of Dr. G. C. Clark to
fill the long vacant post of Principal Geologist in charge of the
Field Mapping Division provided for better coordination of this
work and improved consistency in documentation. Fourteen coloured
geological maps are now in the production line and it is hoped that,
wi th the facili ties available in the new Drawing Offi ce, these maps
can be speedily published. Wi th the commissioning in April of a
new multipurpose Hydroq Gryphon 10 drilling rig acquired through
UK technical aid a return has been made to the Kalatraverse drilling
programme. This was suspended in 1974 due to the lack of suitable
drilling equipment to deal with the thick overburden of Kalahari
beds. About twelve holes are planned and the results should reveal
the relationship between bedrock geology in the east and west si des
of the country.
The Economic Geology Division embarked on a top priority
investigation into gold minerali zation in basal Transvaal conglo
merates in southeast Botswana. Anomalous gold values were disco
vered in these rocks during a regional survey of minerali zation
associated with the Gaborone granite and its envelope. By Septem
ber a major operation using five departmental drilling rigs had been
mounted. Investigations into the banded ironstone deposits of the
Shoshong area were completed and delineation of the northern margin
of the Greater Morupule Coalfield was undertaken. The long term
geochemical atlas project continued and the north half of the eas
tern strip has now 0een compiled. On the industrial minerals side
2
work continued in assessing clay deposi ts and a survey of industrial
minerals available within a 70 kilometre radius of Dukwe was begun
at the request of the Sua Project Management Unit. Operational ass
istance was provided to a UNIIXl-sponsored Clay Products and Non
Metallic Mineral Products Consultancy undertaken by a team of Cze
choslovakian experts. The coal geologist continued to collate and
analyse the large amount of information accruing from private sec
tor coal exploration in the country.
Major changes occured in the traditional role played by the
Department in groundwater development. Much of the effort in the
past has been directed towards production siting and drilling but,
with the big improvement in staffing in the HYdrogeology Division
and the deployment of the UK-sponsored GS10 Groundwater Evaluation
Project, it has now been possible to focus attention on resource
evaluation and assessment. Data collection and storage has been
upgraded and reconnaissance groundwater resource maps for the whole
country are being prepared. A major contribution to this work will
be undertaken by the GS10 Project. Work commenced in two areas
selected for detailed evaluation of primary aquifers in the Karoo.
The water-bearing characteristics of the Transvaal dolomites and
buried river gravels in the Kalahari succession are also being
investigated by the team. The Department also contributed to groun
water resources evaluation studies around Dukwe for the Sua Project
Management Unit and for a major ranching development scheme in south
Botswana. The Division was kept busy on the production side and
because of lack of siting and drilling capacity three drilling
contracts and two siting contracts operated during the year. In
the area of groundwa ter research maj or con tri buti ons were provi de d
to the study of nitrate pollution of village water supplies and to
the chemistry of the swamp waters of the Okavango Delta.
Under the Department's development programme, which is funded
mainly through OVerseas aid donors, there was satisfactory progress.
Of the major regional geophysical surveys being undertaken the resul
ts of the UK-funded National Gravity Survey (GS05) were published
3
during the year and the flying phase of the CrDA sponsored Airborne
Magnetic Survey (GS12) was completed in March and data compilation
continued through the remainder of the year. The results of these
surveys will contribute greatly to elucidating the concealed geology
of the Kalahari basin and mining companies have already expressed
much interest in the gravity data. The Groundwater Evaluation
Project (GSIO), referred to above, got underway in the middle of the
year despite staffing problems. Unfortunately two other major
groundwater evaluation projects - Okavango Groundwater(GS13) and
Groundwater Search for the Tribal Grazing Land Programme (GS15)
continued to suffer delays in donor acceptance. However, some deep
electrical soundings were made in the Okavango Del ta by the Geophy
sics Branch in support of the Okavango Project. There were further
delays in plans to build and equip a Mineral Dressing Laboratory
(GSll) and SrDA accepted to undertake a programme of continued
seismic research in the Okavango Delta (GS16). The Department's
own BUilding Programme (GS08) funded through domestic development
funds continued to progress slowly. A new drawing office was vir
ually completed by the end of the year and the old drawing office
block was renovated and will provide necessary extra space including
a badly needed conference room in the future. Plans were drawn up
for a new geophysics block which will further relieve congestion
in the divisional buildings.
One district memoir, three bulletins, several contributions
to scientific journals, and two full colour standard quarter degree
geological sheets were published during the year. Preparation of
material for publication still suffers delays fro~ the absence of
a full-time editor on the staff but wi th the filling of the Principal
Geologist Field Mapping post it is hoped that output will improve.
The Director attended a seminar of Heads of Geological Surveys
in Commonwealth African countries, sponsored by the Commonwealth
Geological Liaison office, in Accra in April at which problems
common to African Geological Survey Departments were discussed and
resolutions to remedy them were adopted. The Deputy Director visited
4
Australia in August to represent Botswana at the 25th International
Geological Congress. The Department contributed to the Symposium
on the Okavango Delta held in Gaborone in September.
Technical oooperation visits were paid to the Department by
British, Canadian and West German officials. The final year's field
work and data collection excercise of the UK-sponsored Satellite
Imagery Interpretation Project was accomplished through the visit
of the two project geologists from the Institute of Geological
Sciences, London and a report and maps are under preparation.
The Director continued to serve c·n,ne Mineral Policy Committee
and the Natural Resources Technical Committee. The Director also
assisted in the preparation of cabinet memoranda and attended a
number of informal cabinet meetings. Work in administering private
sector prospecting including the negotiation and issue of licences
and the provision of an advisory service to the Ministry of Mineral
Resources and Water Affairs continued to occupy a high proportion
of the Director's time.
On the private sector side there was a marked increase in in
terest in company prospecting during the latter half of the year.
This coincided with general improvement in the world economic situa
tion, the revival of company interest in investing in mineral search
and the continued stability of Botswana in an area where political
condi tions continued to deteriorate. While interest in base metals
and diamonds continued to be the mainstay of exploration in Botswana
three commodi ties - radioactive minerals, manganese and coal have
become of especial interest to companies. Following the disoovery
of uranium minerals in the Karoo deposits of Zambia and South
Africa attention has turned to Botswana and five licences for radio
active minerals were issued during the year. There was a similar
marked interest in manganese in the south part of the oountry where
the Griquatown irons tones and the associated manganiferouB minerali
zation are known to extend across the Molopo River from the northern
Cape. Continued attention vias given by companies to ooal and Govern
ment
5
•..
provided the necessarJ' stimul\:.s to major development of the coal
mining industry by de-restricting the Greater Morupule Coalfield
and issuing a licence to Shell Coal Botswana fcr reserve evaluation
and minir.g feasi bili ty studies. Other developments in the miTleral
field included plans to aocelerate development of diamond pipes in
the Jwa.neng kimberli te fiel c. of southern Botswana, the gypsum depo
sits at Topsi, renewed interest in Makgadikgadi brines and a new
approach to exploring for asbestos in the Molopo ul trabasi c pro'lince.
The basis for a major and well diversified mineral industry in
Botswana seems to be now well established and the Geolcgioal Survey
Department continues to play an important role ir. this satisfactory
development.
1.3 Staff
Expatriates continued to occupy most of the Senior profe
ssional and technioal posts. Some progress was made towards
localisation however with the appointment of two newly qualified
Batswana geologists. An experienoed Senior Supplies officer
joined the Department in January after a campaign to improve
Departmental stores facili ties lasting several years. All
mechanical workshop established Staff were transferred to the
establishment of CTO and a T2 mechanic was placed in charge.
Details of the establishment, vacancies as at 31st December
1976, and departures and arrivals during the year are as follows:
6
4. UNDERGROUND WATER DEVEWPMENT
Mr. B. Mctsete "as Acting Principal Geologist (Hydro
geology) until mid-Deoember "hen Dr. W. Deohend assumed con
trol. Dr. Deohend "as seconded from West- Germany in May.
Other staff "ho joined the Division "ere G.A.G. Nelisse,
(September) and J. Davies (Deoember). 1. Gale returned to
the U.K. in September. The start, late in the year, of GS10,
Evaluation of Underground Water Resouroes, sa" the arrival
of J.L. Farr, J.H. Whitelavl and C.S. Cheney, all on U.K. Tech
nioal Assistanoe terms. General support to the Hydrogeology
Division "as provided by R. Peart, geophysioist and P. Herbert,
Soientifio assistant. T"o oontraotors "ere employed to help
>!i th borehole si ting. The aoti vi ties of eaoh member of the
Division are summarised as follo"s :
Mr. B. Motsete "as mainly ocoupied >!ith the aotivities
of the Drilling Branch and siting of boreholes besides his
"ork as Aoting Prinoipal.
Mr. IoN. Gale colleoted hydrogeological data from Distriot
Counoils as he has been a oounterpart on the pre-GS10 projeot.
He espeoially "orked on a Tribal Land Development Project
in Western Ng"aketse District and produoed a very detailed
report of this area.
Dr. Deohend "as mainly ooncerned vU th the oompilation
of 1: 120 000 Hydrogeologi oal Reconnai ssance Maps, a ne"
series "hioh >!ill eventually cover the "hole oountry. The
preliminary maps sho" indi vi dual boreholes, li thologi es,
depths to first "ater, rest levels, pumping rates and yields
(aooording to drillers reoords). This information is synthe
sised on final sheets which sho" geologioal bOt:ndaries, aqui
fer isopleths acoording to the International Legend for Hydro
geologioal Maps published by UNESCO. All hydrogeological
26
data are related to Sea Level. A special series of maps
was produced for the UNDP team working in the Okavango.
Those show:
(a) Varia tions in groundwa ter salini ty
(b) Groundwater types in terms of anions and cations.
(c) RC03
: (Cl + S04) ratios which reflect the degree of
recharge.
Mr. G.A. G. Nelisse worked on the Rydrogeological Reco
nnaissance Maps' in the area south of the 22nd degree of la
titude. Re compiled all data on sheet 2424 as a preliminary
to groundwater exploration for th8 De "Re8r8 &, Co. Project
at Jwaneng.
Mr. Nelisse was further concerned wi th the existing
groundwater recorders tended by the Department in the Lobatse
area and instructed Technical Assistants ho", to handle and
maintain the instruments. He was also involved in wireline
borehole logging.
Mr. J. Davies undertook an assessment of the Transvaal
strata of southeast Botswana, especially the Transvaal dolo
mi tes. He was also concerned wi th si ting of boreholes for
water supply in different parts of the country, for instance
for the De Beers' Project. Mr. Davies assisted W. Dechend
in routine administration of the Division and was also involved
in the activities of the Drilling Branch and the Drilling
Contractors.
GSIO Evaluation of Under£Eound Water Resources
This is a United Kingdom funded development project with
the initial aim of groundwater research throughout the whole
of Botswana. A major rethink of the project in September by
S.S.D. Foster and J.L. Farr lead to the conclusion that two
of the most widespread and potentially important aquifer
27
Central
Ghan zi
systems in Botswana should be studied in detail: The Karoo
System with studies in the area of Letlhakeng (Kweneng District)
and near Serowe (Central District) and the dolomites of the
Transvaal system (Southern District). Preliminary work on
both areas of the Karoo undertaken by the 2 Assistant Hydro
geologists, Miss. J.H. Whitelaw and Mr. C.S. Cheney had begun
by the end of 1976. Other project objectives wiU include
a brief study of the grou.l1dwater potential of the weathered
Stormberg basal ts and an investigation of the hydrogeological
role of the Kalahari Beds.
Borehole Si tine;
Mr. R. Peart and Mr. P. Herbert sited boreholes for gro
undwater supply. Because of shortage of Geophysicists in
the Department, two contractors had to be employed for the
mentioned work by the Government: Wellfiad Services Ltd.
Gaborone and R.F. Loxton, Hunting and Associates, Johannes
burg. They were engaged in the follovJing si ting projects : -
Peart
30 Expl ora ti on
( Dukwe)
Herbert
7 Villages
1 Animal
production
4 Animal
production
W S L L H A
7 Villages
Southern 10 C D C
N. East 2 Villages
1 Roads
7 Villages
and roads
S. East 4 roads
4 villages
Kweneng 10 roads
4.2 Drilling Branch Activities
In 1976 a total of 5 376 metres were drilled by the Dri-
28
lling Branch. Of the 58 boreholes which have been produced
34 were called 'successful' even if the yield was very low
or the water discharge saline. The opinion of the Division
in this regard is that a borehole is unsuccessful if its yield
is less than 60 litres per minute for village water supply
and 75 litres per minute for road construction.
On the basis of these figures, the success rate of the
Drilling Branch amounts to 36 per cent of the total number
of boreholes. Of the total drilled metres 34 per cent can
be regarded as successful.
4. 3 CONTRACT DRILLING GS09
Contractors drilled 76 boreholes, totalling 5995 metres, with
a 30 per cent sUCCeSS rate.
Appendix 4 is a statistical analysis of the drilling operations
of Government drilling rigs and of the Contract Drillers.
Appendix 5 gives details of all drilling operations in 1976.
29
6. GEOPHYSICS
6.1 Introduction
Mr. D.G. Hutchins continued to be in charge of the Geophy
sics Branch and was assisted by R. Peart, geophysicist, E. Mi1ner,
Senior technical officer (Electronics) and P. Herbert, Technical
officer.
The geophysics section were engaged on a variety of field pro
grammes during the year.
The major field effort was devoted to hydrogeophysica1 sur
veys for major development projects and routine village supplies.
A wide range of geophysical techniques were employed in these
investi gations and a total of 64 drilling si tes were selected by
the department using geophysical methods, and 16 boreholes were
logged geophysically. In addition to hydrogeophysical surveys
the section was engaged on a geotechnical survey in the Serowe
area, a mineral exploration survey at Diabo in South Eastern
Botswana, and further geophysi cal research in the Okavango Del ta.
The geophysics section was also heavily com~itted to the
aeromagnetic survey of Botswana carried out under contract by
Terra Surveys Ltd. The production flying was completed by March
9th and manual and digital compilation of the data in Canada has
continued throughout the year. The receipt of the final product,
in the form of 1:125 000 profile maps and 1:500 000 contour maps
is expected early 1977.
Assistance was also given to Wellfield Services and Loxton
Hunting when they were engaged on government contract borehole
si ting programmes.
6.2 Aeromagnetic Survey~ GS12
During January, February and up to 9th of March the flying
33
phase of this project was completed. A total of 151 010 line
kilometres was flown within six months and the two aircraft
logged a combined total of 981,62 hours. All the data was chec
ked before the departure of the aircraft to ensure that the data
was within specifications and that no-reflights were necessary.
Manual and Digital compilation has been carried out in Ottawa
by Terra Surveys and by the end of the year preliminary profiles
for over 60 per cent of the survey area had been received and
approved. A proof copy of a 1:125 000 profile map was received
in December and the format approved. Delays have been encountered
in the preparation of 1:500 000 contour maps, due partly to the
wide line spacing (4 kms) and the selection of a suitable filter
to the profile data. Final delivery of planimetric maps, magne
tometer profile maps, magnetometer contour maps, di gi tal data,
original and intermediate data and a technical report is expected
during the first half of 1977.
6.3 Okavango Underground Water Evaluation GS13
A total of eight deep electrical soundings (O'.lt to AB 6kms)
were conducted in the Okavango region to test the section IS ca
pahili ty of undertaking the geophysi cal programme recommended
by Astier (U.N. D.P.). A 2,5 KW Huntec LP. transmitter (modified
to give D. c. output) was used as the power supply and a micro
voltmeter with S.P. backing facility employed to measure the
potential differences. Good quality sounding curves were attained
at each site_ and it is apparent that the geophysics section will
be able to undertake bo th the re si s ti vi ty and gravi ty surveys
recommended for the project.
Interpretation of the curves has indicated thicknesses of
Kalahari beds ranging from 200 metres around Maun to over 400
metres in the region of the Mababe depression. The interpreted
depths to basement were in good agreement wit~ geological and
geophysical control where available (boreholes, seismic refraction).
34
A d.epartmental Bulletin, including data tables and a Bougl.ler
Anomaly map was published ltlw:Lng 1976.
Three months were spent in tile Dllkwe area searching for se
condary aqui fers using selected geophysi cal techtliques (gradi snt
a:cray resistivity, spontaneous potential, magnetios and refraction
seismics). A total of 30 sites were recommended for drilling,
of wti.ch eight were drilled hefore the project was shelved.
The yields obt3.ined f:rom th.ese boreholes were satisfactory
and indioated that the met'lOds used were efficient detectors of
fault and fissure zones. Two boreholes gave average yields for
the area (50 litres per minute) five yielded hetwectl 120 litres
to 240 litres per minute and two yielded in excess of 975.
At be request of the Sua Project Management Dni t 15 bore
holes were logged using the departments Gearhardt-Owen well logl:\er.
The logs run were oaliper, natural gamma, gamma-gamma (bulk densi
ty) and neutron-epi thermal neutron (porosi ty).
Nine borehol'3s were si ted i.n the Lekobola Pan-Bojal1amane
area, Central District, to satisfy an expected ltemand of 2 500 li.
tres per minute for the prooess of gypsum benefioation ·"hen min:l.ng
CommenCes in the area covered by State Grant 9/71. Geophy~.i.oal
techniques used were the same as in the Dukwe area wo. th the addi,
tion of vertical electrioal soundings (Schlwnbergc;r). 'rheoe bore
holes have not yet been drilled.
A total of 30 boreholes are required In the are/l immediatsly
east of the Molopo farms for the proposed C. D. C. extensIon ranches.·
This is an area of relatively thick (up to 150 1l1Otreo)
35
Kalahari deposits and this poses special problems to the execu
tion of geophysical techniques, particularly resistivity soun
ding. Fortunately the area is covered by aeromagnetic surveys
and several boreholes have been sited on faults and contacts
detected by the airborne survey and positioned accurately by
ground traverses. Vertical electrical soundings and gradient
array traverses have also been used to detect palaeo-drainage
channels. Ten sites have been selected and further geophysical
work awai ts the results of drilling. Drilling is currently
underway on the first si te.
14 boreholes were sited in the North East and Central
Districts for village supplies using mostly electrical resis
ti vi ty and magneti c methods. Four boreholes were si ted in the
Ghanzi area using similar techniques.
6.7 Geot£chnical Surv~
Three areas of proposed building development in the Serowe
area were investi gated wi th the Huntec FS- 3 facsimile refraction
seismograph in order to determine the depth to suitable founda
tion material. Depths of overburden (black turf) in excess of
15 metres were indicated in all three areas whi ch were there
fore declared unsuitable for building development.
6.8 Mineral ,E~ra ti on,
The or.ly mineral exploration geophysics undertaken during
the year was a combined magnetic/induced polarisation/self pote
ntial/resistivity/spectrometer reconnaisance surv83r of the
Diabo prospect.
Three traverses were conducted but the results were inco
nclusive. A possi ble marker hori zon was detected by the r.mgne
tic traverses and possible faults were indioated by the self
potential and resistivity method.s. It was unfortunate that the
Induced Polarisation traverses were not executed satisfactorily
36
(a) Rocks
Field Mappin..:;:
Dr. R.M. Key
B. C. L.
Mr. Paul Lear
Quartz
Dr. J. Davies
(b) Minerals and Ores
Coal Shale
Mr. J.N.M. Coates
Diatomi te
Mr. J. Wroblicki
Iron Ores
Dr. D. Gould
Manganese Ore
Dr. C.G. Clark
~~ Dr. R. M. Key
TO 'I'A L
Wa ter Analyses
Samples Determinations
2 24
1 12
1 2
1 3
1 7
8 56
1 1
7 35
22 140
As in previous years, analysis of groundwaters acco
unted for the moet man hours. Towards the end of 1975 it
was apparent that nitrate was present in very many water
samples. The introduction of a reliable oolorimetric
method for determination of nitrate ion in late 1975 gre
atly simplified the task of oheoking the presenoe of ni
trate in water samples. Beoause of the ever increasing
number of samples oontaining ni trate in oonoentrations
above the maximum World Health Organisation limit (W.H.O.
197 3) it was deoided to oonduot a study of the easily
acc~ible major villages in Botswana. The study revealed
that many water sources contained nitrate at dangerously
hi gh ooncen tra ti ons probaly fr'om human and animal souroes.
39
This conclusion was supported by absence of nitrate in water
sources situated in the same aquifer but much further away
from habi tation.
In the first instance the following villages were sampled : -
Serowe, Kanye, Molepolole, Mo chudi , Thamaga, Ramotswa, Moshupa.
A detailed report on the matter was wri tten by Button,
Lewis and Skinner, circulated within Government and, in May,
Mr. Lewis presented the report to Cabinet. The pcllution stu
dies were later extended to cover Francisto\\'ll, Shoshong, Maha
lapye, Palapye and two further progress reportc \"Iere wri tten
detailing the findings in these Villages.
Later in the year, studiec "ere extended tc pollution of
the Peleng River by effluer.t from the Bots\"lana Meat Commission.
Some evidence of possible groundwater nitrate pollution was
found. Some time was devoted to developing a method for deter
mination of nitrate by a specific ion electrode method. Di
fficulties due to chloride and bicarbonate interference hope
fully have been overcome after consultation with the manufac
turer. It is hoped that this method will be introduced on a
routine basis in early 1977.
\"later samples
Effluent samples
indi vi dual ni tra te de terniina ti ons
TOTAL
No.
1
40
of samples
965
122
165
?<';? ~,~
k!~!!)1.~'!~
12 545
366
165
13 076
'-"~~'-"-'--____ ""_"_'~_~ ____ ~~~ ___ H'''<''~~ ___ =~,=~~WU'~~"'~"~<""~~~~'~~"'~'_"'~~~""
APPENDIX 2
Statistics of Drilling Operations carried out by the Drilling Branch and Under Contract During 1976.
N. B. Boreholes for which no pumping rate is quoted in Appendix 5 are assumed to be unsuccessful.
+> o .~
H +> ro i'l
Central
Ghan z:i
Kgalagadi
Kgatleng
Kweneng
North-East
North-West
South-East
Southern
TOTAL
Drilled by Government
Drilled by Contractors
'" v +> v ~ P, E o o
ro ~ ~ o -" ro H o
'" 40
1
12
10
18
5
22
1
25
134
58
76
00 v ~ o -" v H o .0
~
.;; m+> m" ID ID o E
o " ~ H ro v
> 'H 0
0'" • H
o 0 z'H
17
1
6
3
7
4
10
5
53
29
24
00 v ~ o -" V H 00 O~ .0 .~
o
" § 'H 0 000 00 v+> 00 o .~ ~ H oo+>
00
'i::~ • H 00 Z'H
5
1
1
1
2
1
1
12
4
8
00 v ~ o -" v H 00 o H .0 ID
E ~ 0 ~+>
'H 00 m ~ 00 0 v· o v o+> ~ ro 00 >
.~
'H H o p,
• H o 0 Z'H
1
1
1
00 ID ~
II v H o .0
~
~ 'H m m v o o
" 00
~ m +> o
"' 22
1
7
4
8
4
12
1
7
66
34
32
00 v~ ~ . o 0 .q+> V v H o .0 v
" ~ .~
~~ 'H ro 00 00 00 v g-i! ~ ro OO~
".0 "'~
18
4
6
10
1
9
18
66
22
44
~
ro
" o 00 00 v ro ~ v II H v~ H ro 00 .0 .~
"'.§ v 0
" v o+>
'" " H 000 .o'H ..,,~
1
1
2
2
~
00 v H
"'+> v v ~ E ~ ·M •
.8 ~ ~
-" 0 +>-" p,v v H '" 0 .0 ~ m ~
+> v 0" "'~
3906
74
1 716
692
1 232
316
1 199
1>J
2 106
11 371
5 376
5 995
~ ~ 'H 00 00 V o o ~ 00
" .~
",,;; v ID ~ H ~+> .~ ID
.8-.':.
.q 00 +> v p,~
ID 0 A-"
2 365
74
1 270
246
642
223
659
130
668
6 277
3 523
2 754
~
.;; 00 00 ID o o ~ 00
§
" .~
",,;; ID ID ~ H ~ +> .~ ID
.8-.':. -" 00 +> v p,~
~.2
1 541
399
446
590
93
513
1 438
5020
1 779
3 241
"' v
" .g " m .0 m
" .~
",,;; ID v ~ H ~+> .~ v .8-.':. -" ro +> ID ,,~
r'lll
47
27
74
74
+>
" o
'" v
" m ID ~ o 00 v ~ 0", -" ID v+> H 00 o v .o+>
I 'H ID OH
'" o " zoo
'" ID P, o~ ~ v v+> > ~ ID " '" .~ ,.,E ~ H "ID go" 00 00
v H H ID+>
+> .~ ro~
"'~
4 223
26
434
1 353
1 061
268
1 318
22
1 329
10 034
5 519
4 515
Official No.
3107
3108
3109
3110
3111
3112
3113
3114
3115
3116
3117
3118
3119
3120
3121
3122
3123
3124
3125
3126
31~
31~
31~
31~
3131
31~
.ll~
.ll~
.ll~
.ll~
.llTI
.ll~
Locali ty District
Dukwe Central
Tlokweng South East
Kome Southern
Serokolwane Kweneng
Quara Quara Ghan zi
Dukwe Central
Shorobe North East
Sehitwa North East
Boatlaname K~reneng
Dukwe Central
Tamashanga North East
Jakalas North East
Makaleng North East
9 .. 2km from Sehitwa North West
3 km n North West Stateng
Tsau Bridge North West
Stateng North West
Katshikau North West
Kats~~kau North West
Tsau, 6km N. of North West
Dukwe Central
Dukwe Central
Dukwe Central
Dukwe Central
Dukwe Central
Tsau Village North West
Mochudi Kgatleng
Mochudi Kgatleng
Mochudi Kgatleng
Mochudi Kgatleng
Mochudi
Molepolole
Kgatleng
Kt"eneng
Customer
Sua Proj.
Council
Pri vate
?
L.P.M.U.
Government
Government
Government
Government
Sua Pan
Council
Government
Government
Government
Government
Government
Government
Government
Government
Government
Sua Proj.
Sua Proj.
Sua Proj.
Sua Proj.
Sua Proj.
Government
Government
Government
Government
Government
Government
Governrnent
Total Depth (m)
250
130
183
102
76
218
42
27
54 101
93
93
61
73 79
53
49 80
71
58
197 191 180
97
137
27
46
79
46
84
49
99
APPENDIX 3
Details of Boreholes
Depth Water Struck (m)
55 57 64
52 + 60
31 122
17 + 24
18
87
~
27 - 35
45 41
35
28,35, + 96
33 + 76
2
30
116 + 150
106 + 152
152 + !Il + 65
43
48 12,17 + 23
9 18
23
46
33
Static Water Level ( m)
41 18
54 46
27
25
14
12
35
24
21
27
27
27
24
24 + 87
1
28
26
36
34
~
~
8
18
23
43
Pumping Rate (L/min)
55
22
18
131
26
240
111
74 Blank
45 Blank
15
68
182
Blank
Blank.
225
~
~
26
600
272
57 772
151
Blank.
~o
Blank
Blank
~3
450 300
Water Geology Quali ty
Fresh Karroo
Fresh Gaborone Granite
Waterberg Sandstone
Fresh Stormberg Basalt
Kalahari Beds
Saline Karroo Sandstone
Fresh Kalahari Beds
Fresh Kalahari Beds
Stormberg Basalt
Fresh Basement Granite
Basement Granite
Fresh Basement Granite
Fresh Basement Granite
Fresh Kalahari Beds
Saline Kalahari Beds
Kalahari Beds
Saline Kalahari Beds
Saline .Stormberg Basal t
Saline Kalahari Beds
Fresh Kalahari Beds
Saline Basement Grani te
Fresh Basement Grani te
Fresh Basement Grani te
Saline Karroo Sandstone
Fresh Basement Granite
Kalahari Beds
Fresh Dolerite
Fresh Chert
Doleri te
Fresh Dolerite
Fresh Chert
Waterberg Sandstone
Official No.
3139
3140
3141
3142
3143
3144
3145
3146
3147
3148
3149
3150
3152
3153
3155
3156
3157
31 SS
31 '" N
3160
3161
3162
3163.
3164
3165
3166
3167
3168
3169
3170
3171
3172
3173
3174
3179
3180
3181
3182
3183
Locality
Molepolole
Molepolole
Dukwe
Tsau
Nokaneng
Gomare
Gomare
Etsha
Gomare
Etsha
Etsha
Toteng
Moremaoto
Kang
Dukwe
Dukwe
Dukwe
Dukwe
Kiddlepi ts
Xoremaoto
Toromoja
Xakoba
J(09i 'Pi
JLaL.aba
3.~na.bana
JtocX:.i:i
ken: ... =..
District
Kweneng
Kweneng
Central
North West
North West
North West
North West
North Hest
North Hest
North Hest
North Hest
North West
Central
Kgalagadi
Central
Central
Central
Cen tral
Kgalagadi
Central
Central
Central
Central
~ntral
So ... 'the::-:r:.
i:gaUer.g
I?Ue=.g
Ra.z.a'tla~-=-a So·~:t!:.-e::"::
RaEa"Ua't..a.=..a Sc'i:o:t.~.~
Xat.b.etb.e Roac. Sc~t!:.e==
Xa~hethe So~tte~
R~atlaba=a So~tbe~
Du..tc;re
Mathethe Road
Dukwe
Dukwe
Dukwe
Dukwe
Tsau
Cent-:-al
Southern
Central
Central
Central
Central
North Hest
Customer
Government
Government
Go-"ernment
Government
Government
Government
Government
Government
Government
Council
Council
Council
Council
Council
Sua Proj.
Sua Proj.
Sua Proj.
Sua Proj.
Government
Council
Council
Council
Council
Council
Roads
Council
Co::n.cil
~ads
30aas
Eaaes
Ecaes
Roaas
Sua Project
Goverrullent
Governrnen t
Government
Government
Government
Roads
Total Depth (m)
91
122
168
70
58
58
77
43
52
59
55 2!
65
217
198
136
46
57
122
61
61
169
6
169
79
91
67
91 8,
91 61
93.. 107
84
96
46
106
52
62
Depth Water Struck (m)
Blank
91
34
2!
32
77 22
2l
17
26 + 34
24
27
135
90
48
49
14
14
140
140
!£
45
46
45 + 64
53
Static Water Level (m)
42
27
2l
2!
73
19
15
79
20
20
12
131
40
40
6
13
13
22
22
31
43
24
Pumping rate (L/min)
200
61
18
90
Blank.
18
5 22
91
18
23
198
110
150
30
Blank.
Blank
14
200
171 Blank
32
3lan.i::.
31_
'JXJ El<cl:::
'2a=,j::
3lati::.
3l~
31~
76
225
770 60
90 Blank
176
'Ha ter Quali ty
Fresh
Fresh
Fresh
Saline
Saline
Fresh
Fresh
Fresh
Saline
Fresh
Fresh
Fresh
Fresh
:Blacl::
Sali:=.e
~sh
Fresh
Fresh
Fresh
Fresh
Fresh
Fresh
Geology
Waterberg Sandstone
Waterberg Sandstone
Basement Granite
Kalahari Beds
Kalahari Beds
Kalahari Beds
Kalahari Beds
Kalahari Beds
Kalahari Beds
Kalahari Beds
Kalahari Beds
Kalahari Beds
Kalahari 3eds
Karroo Sands tone
Base:ll:ent Schi.sts
3asezen't Grani te
Xarroo Sandstone
XarToo Sandstone
Iblerite
Kalahari Beds
Kalahari Beds
Stormberg Basalt
Kalahari Beds
Stormberg Basalt
Basement Granite
Basement Granite
Basement Granite
Amphiholite Granite
Amphiholite Granite
Basement Granite
Karroo Schists
Amphiholite Granite
Basement Granite
Karroo Sandstone
Basement Granite
Karroo Sandstone
Ghanzi Beds
Official No.
3184 3185 3186 3187
3188
3189 3190 3191
3192
3193
3194 3195 3196
3197 3198 3199 3200
3201 3202
3203 3204
3205 3206
3207
3209 3210
3211
3213 3218
3219
3221
3222
3223
3224
3225 3226
3227
3228
Locali ty
Mopipi
Dukwe
Len ts we-I e- tau
Dukwana
Dukwe
Botalaote
Lentswe-Ie-tau
Botalaote
Kang
Tsabong
Gankwe
Thabologang
Moijabana
Moijabana
Chadi be
Kang
Sefhare
Sefhare
Gomare
~Iaun Town
Lentswe-Ie-tau
Sefhare
Mahetwa
Kuli-Nojane
Kuli-Nojane
Kuli-Nojane
Kuli-Nojane
Pilikwe
District
Central
Central
Kweneng
Central
Central
Central
Kweneng
Central
Kgalagadi
Kgalagadi
Central
Central
Central
Central
Central
Kgalagadi
Central
Central
North West
North West
Kweneng
Central
Kweneng
Kgalagadi
Kgalagadi
Kgalagadi
Kgalagadi
Central
Middlepi ts Kgalagacli.
Pilikwe Central
Pilikwe Central
Pilikwe Central
Kganeng Kgalagadi
Lobatse/Kanye Rd. Southern
Lobatse/Kanye Rd. Southern
Molapowabojang Southern
Lobatse/Kanye Rd, Southern
Customer
Government
Government
Governmen t
Government
Government
Government
Government
Government
Government
Government
Government
Council
Council
Council
Government
Council
Government
Government
Government
Council
Government
Council
C01ll1cil
Government
Government
Government
Government
C01ll1cil
Government
Government
Government
Government
Government
Roads
Roads
Roads
COlUlcil
Total Depth (m)
91 64
15
52
55 93 36
47 50
203 64
33 64
34 120
70
50 50 50
23
31 75 41
185
207
203 184 160
152
35 68
108
76 98
102
61 61
Depth Water Struck (m)
45 45 21
36
57 28
57
2l + 110
33
43 8
9 35 + 67
18
135 142
143 146
48 49
58
Static Water Level (m)
20 21
23
25 6
9
30
13
4 8
30 14
41 132 131
131
Pumping Rate (L/min)
32 Blank
Blank
Blank
45 6
Blank
303 Blank
136 68
Blank
Blank
160
Blank
Blank
Blank
138
110
40
140
114
85 91
91
5 Blank
36 Blank
Blank
Blank
2
Blank
Blank
Blank Blank
Water Quali ty
Saline
Fresh
Fresh
Saline
Fresh
Fresh
Fresh
Fresh
Fresh
Fresh
Fresh
Fresh
Fresh
Fresh
Fresh
Saline
Saline
Fresh
Geology
Kalahari Beds
Karro Sandstone
Doleri te
Karroo Mudstone
Felsi te
fuleri te
Grani te
Kalahari Beds
Pretoria Slates
Basement Gneiss
Basement Gneiss
Basement Gneiss
Basement Gneiss
Basement Gneiss
Karroo Shale
Basement Gneiss
Basement Gneiss
Kalahari Beds
Kalahari Beds
Waterberg Sandstone
Basement Granite
Waterberg Sandstone
Ghan z:i Be ds
Ghan z:i Be da
Ghan z:i Be ds
Ghan z:i Beds
Basement Gneiss
Waterberg Quartzi te
Basement Gneiss
Basement Gneiss
Basemen t Gnei ss
Sandstone
Gaborone Granite
Gaborone Granite
Decomposed fulerite Decomposed Dolerite
Official No. Locali ty District Customer Total Depath Depth Water Struck Static Water Level Pumping Ra te Ha ter Quali ty Geology
(m) ( m) (m) (L/min)
3229 Sepopa North West Government 56 40 + 14 + 57 15 94 Fresh Kalahari Beds
3230 Staghang hill Kweneng Go-vernmen t 75 Blank Kanye Volcanics
3231 Matlhabanelo Hill Kgatleng Council 69 Blank Kanye Volcani cs
3232 Me tsimo tl ha ba Kgatleng Council 69 Blank Ri ver Gravels
3233 Me tsimo tl ha ba Kgatleng Council 92 Blank River Gravels
3234 Mo go di tshane Kweneng Council 65 Blank Gaborone Grani te
3235 Nxai North Nest Government 16 12 7 Blank Kalahari Beds
3236 Kanye Road Southern Roads 91 Blank Gaborone Grani te
3237 Kanye Road Southern Roads 91 Blank Doleri te
3238 Kanye Road Southern Roads 91 Blank Doleri te
3239 Kanye Road Southern P.oads 91 Blank Doleri te
3240 Kanye Road Southern Roads 91 Blank Gaborone Granite
3242 Diabo Southern 22 Blank Ventersdorp Agglomerate
3243 Diabo Southern Agricultu.re 74 40 30 30 Ventersdorp Agglomerate
3244 Kanye Lobatse Rd. Southern Roads 91 Blank Doleri te
3245 Moijabana Central Government 91 24 + 57 32 197 Fresh Basemen t Grani te
3246 Mogojwegojwe Southern Council 79 49 40 136 Fresh Doleri te
3249 Jakalase 1 North East Council 19 Fresh
3250 Molepolole Rd. Kweneng Roads 46 Blank Saline fuleri te
3251 Molepolole Rd. Kweneng Roads '7 14 + 21 + 27 135 Fresh Doleri te
3252 Molepolole Rd. Ktrene»g Roads 56 Gaborone Granite
3253 Kumakwane Kweneng Government 63 11+28+58 5 80 Fresh Waterberg Sandstone
3256 Molepolole Rd. Kweneng Roads 65 Blank Waterberg Sandstone
3257 Molepolole Klreneng Roads 56 Blank Waterberg Sandstone
3258 Kang Kgalagadi Government 47 Kalahari Beds
3259 Pilikwe Central Government 58 39 + 55 28 45 Fresh Basement Gneiss
3260 Maape Central Government 48 62 38 31 Fresh Basement Gneiss