GEOL 404/504 GEOL 404/504 Advanced GISAdvanced GISGEOL 404/504 GEOL 404/504 Advanced GISAdvanced GIS

Sudhanshu Sekhar Panda, PhDLecturer/GeoSTAC CoordinatorGIS Training and Research CenterIdaho State UniversitySpring 2006

Lecture 2:Lecture 2:GeodatabaseGeodatabaseLecture 2:Lecture 2:GeodatabaseGeodatabase

Why Geodatabase?Why Geodatabase?Why Geodatabase?Why Geodatabase?What do you need to do with your GIS data?

some suitable habitat mapping of endangered species

Location of trade centerWatershed analysis and modelingEtc..

There is a need to represent and store data in a way that supports Meaningful and accurate analysisOrganizational workflows.

Geodatabase supports for all these

ArcGIS Data StructuresArcGIS Data StructuresArcGIS Data StructuresArcGIS Data Structures

ArcGISOrganizing Spatial data

Vector ObjectsShape filesCoverages

Raster ObjectsGrids

Images GDB

• Discrete representation • Use square cells

ArcGIS is an information system for geographic data

WorkspacesWorkspacesWorkspacesWorkspaces

Arc/Info geo-datasets

ArcView shape files

Geodatabase

File-Based Data Sets Geodatabase

• Coverages • Shapefiles • Grids • TINs • Images (numerous formats) • Vector Product Format

files • Computer-aided design

files (numerous formats) • Geography markup

language (numerous profiles)

• Tables (numerous formats) • Direct read of 100+ vector

and raster formats • XML

• DB2 with its Spatial type

• Informix with its Spatial type

• SQL Server • Oracle • Oracle with Spatial or

Locator • Personal geodatabases

(Microsoft Access)

What you will learn?What you will learn?What you will learn?What you will learn?

geographic data storing ability of geodatabase

Understand the differences between the two types of geodatabases

Components of the geodatabase If raster dataset can be created in a

personal geodatabase How to access information about a

geodatabase and its components

What Geodatabase Can What Geodatabase Can Store?Store?

What Geodatabase Can What Geodatabase Can Store?Store?

Geodatabase is a relational database (recall your principles of GIS experience)

A container for storingSpatial dataAttribute dataRelationship among the two

In a geodatabase, a vector data features and their associated attributes can be stored in a structure so thatThey can work together as an integrated system

using rules, relationships, and topological associations.

(ESRI, 2006)

Advantages of Advantages of GeodatabaseGeodatabase

Advantages of Advantages of GeodatabaseGeodatabase

It provide advantages for ModelingAnalyzingManagingmaintaining GIS data.

Using geodatabase GIS features can be created that support real world feature behavior

Data access from a centralized location possible

(ESRI, 2006)

What Geodatabase can What Geodatabase can Do?Do?

What Geodatabase can What Geodatabase can Do?Do?

Centralized GIS data managementCan accommodate large sets of features

without tiles or spatial partitionsTwo-, three-, four-dimensional vector features,

curves, and multipart features can be storedCoordinate geometry coverages can be

converted to geodatabase without any complicacy

You can classify features within a feature class using subtypes

Can specify spatial relationships using geodatabase topology rules

Validation rules available with geodatabase can prevent errors

(ESRI, 2006)

What Geodatabase can What Geodatabase can Do? Do? (cont..)(cont..)

What Geodatabase can What Geodatabase can Do? Do? (cont..)(cont..)

Automatic annotation update is possible when the representing feature is edited or deleted

Can add intelligence to features stored in a geodatabase

Can model flow of resources using geometric network based on topological relationship availed through geodatabase

Can model relative locations along linear featuresMore than one person can edit a geodatabase at a

single point of timeDisconnected editing possibleXML data exchange is possible through

geodatabase(ESRI, 2006)

Types of Types of GeoDatabasesGeoDatabases

Types of Types of GeoDatabasesGeoDatabases

Personal*.mdb file extension

Multiuser/ Professional (ArcSDE)

(ESRI, 2006)

Personal GeodatabasesPersonal GeodatabasesPersonal GeodatabasesPersonal GeodatabasesPersonal geodatabases support single user

editing but multiple users reading at the same time

No versioning support is providedTypically, users will employ multiple

personal geodatabases for their data collections and access these simultaneously for their GIS work

Only vector data can be stored but raster data can be only referenced

Can store only up to a maximum size of 2 GB data

Database management system is through Microsoft Access (ESRI, 2006)

ArcSDE GeodatabasesArcSDE GeodatabasesArcSDE GeodatabasesArcSDE Geodatabases

ArcSDE is a server software product used to access massively large multiuser geographic databases stored in relational database management systems (RDBMSs).

It is an integrated part of ArcGIS and a core element of any enterprise GIS solution. Its primary role is to act as the GIS gateway to spatial data stored in a RDBMS.

(ESRI, 2006)

ArcSDE GeodatabasesArcSDE GeodatabasesArcSDE GeodatabasesArcSDE Geodatabases Multiuser Geodatabases Multiuser geodatabases require the use of ArcSDE

and work with a variety of RDBMS storage models Multiuser geodatabases are primarily used in work

group, department, and enterprise settings Extremely large, continuous GIS databases Many simultaneous users Long transactions and versioned work flows Multiuser geodatabases readily scale to extremely

large sizes and numbers of users. Through many large geodatabase implementations, ESRI has found that RDBMSs are efficient at moving the type of large binary objects required for GIS data in and out of tables.

Uses DB2, Oracle, Informix, SQL Server, etc. No size limits Can accommodate vector and raster data

GIS Database GIS Database RequirementsRequirementsGIS Database GIS Database RequirementsRequirements

Scale to large sizes (multiple terabytes). Scale to large numbers of users (hundreds

to thousands). Provide advanced GIS data models and

behavior. Maintain spatial data integrity. Support multiple users. Deliver fast data retrieval. Use simple data structures. Support long transactions and GIS work

flows. Support multiple uses and applications. Proven to work through real case studies.

Geodatabase StructureGeodatabase StructureGeodatabase StructureGeodatabase Structure

Stand-alone feature classes

Feature datasetFeature classes

insideshould share the

same spatial reference

Non-spatial tablesDEMO

What is inside a What is inside a Geodatabase?Geodatabase?

What is inside a What is inside a Geodatabase?Geodatabase?

Stored outside personal geodatabase but can bereferencedThrough geometry network

We can manage flow ofResources: electricity, water, etc..

Defining Geodatabase Defining Geodatabase StructureStructure

Defining Geodatabase Defining Geodatabase StructureStructure

Import existing dataCreate the structure

manuallyUse CASE (computer-

aided software engineering) toolRefer ArcGIS Desktop

Help (Contents tab -> Building a geodatabase -> Building geodatabases with CASE tools

(ESRI, 2006)

Importing Data to Importing Data to GeodatabaseGeodatabase

Importing Data to Importing Data to GeodatabaseGeodatabase

Feature datasetFeature classXY tablesRelationship classRaster datasetsRaster catalogSurvey datasetsArcToolboxGenerate files (CAD

Feature Class)

(ESRI, 2006)

Refer ArcGIS Desktop Help loading, Object Loaderloading, data, described

Importing Shape FilesImporting Shape FilesImporting Shape FilesImporting Shape FilesYou can import a shape file into a

Geodatabase using the wizard in Arc Catalog. You can use the default values or use custom

values. You can change the coordinate system if you

so desire.

Importing CoveragesImporting CoveragesImporting CoveragesImporting CoveragesThis is done by right clicking the geodatabase

and selecting import and choosing feature class (multiple)

You have the option of using custom values including: Grid values Coordinate system Spatial index values You can modify the field names

Importing Interchange Importing Interchange FilesFiles

Importing Interchange Importing Interchange FilesFiles

Interchange (*.e00) formats should be changed in Arc Toolbox first

You should use the Conversion tools to guide you through converting the interchange format to another format of your desire.

Importing An Arc View Importing An Arc View GIS ProjectGIS Project

Importing An Arc View Importing An Arc View GIS ProjectGIS Project

Ensure that all data paths are correct. After verifying that the ArcView GIS

project contains no table joins and that all themes will load cleanly, save and close the project and quit out of ArcView GIS.

Start ArcMap in the Data View mode. Choose File > Import from ArcView project. Browse to locate and select the *.apr file.

Note: Views become Data frames. Themes become Layers. Only one layout is allowed. Graphics and text are imported.

Importing TablesImporting TablesImporting TablesImporting TablesTable Must be in Info or dBase format. Use Arc Catalog. Right click on Info or dBase file. Select export- table to Geodatabase. Follow the wizard.

You will be prompted to change illegal and duplicate field names.

Importing Raster Importing Raster GridsGrids

Importing Raster Importing Raster GridsGrids

You must use Arc Info or Arc Editor

Raster must be imported into a Geodatabase first.

You can select one of three storage parameters Pyramids Tile Size Data Compression

Importing CAD Feature Importing CAD Feature ClassClass

Importing CAD Feature Importing CAD Feature ClassClass

Supported Feature classes include AutoCAD's DWG Micro Station's DGN Drawing Interchange File (DXF) formats Use Arc Catalog.

Select the CAD file. Right click on it. Click Export – CAD to GeoDatabase You can make a new feature data set, or feature class. You can also select the coordinate system, and Grid size.

Data Importing with Data Importing with ConvertingConverting

Data Importing with Data Importing with ConvertingConverting

Arc Catalog and Arc Toolbox are the primary tools.

Imported files need to have Spatial reference Spatial index grid size Data mapping

Metadata importingSupported formats include: Text XML Standard Generalized Markup Language

(SGML)

Geodatabase Load to Geodatabase Load to ArcSDEArcSDE

Geodatabase Load to Geodatabase Load to ArcSDEArcSDE

Example of Loading geodatabase to ArcSDE server for public access

spanda:

Subject to they were provided with access

spanda:

Subject to they were provided with access

Key ConceptsKey ConceptsKey ConceptsKey Concepts

This topic provides you with knowledge in GIScience.

You will learn/experience some GIS-housekeeping.

You will learn/experience new techniques and tools.

You will learn new techniques to create GIS data.

Getting started...Getting started...Getting started...Getting started...

Assignments…Exercise hand-out