Geography and Tourism

Chapter 2

Patterns and Processes of World Tourism

FACTORS CONTRIBUTIN TO TOURISM CHANGE

Societal Changes Due to Urbanization The Industrial Revolution Technological Advances in Transportation Technological Advances in

Communications 2 World Wars Migration of Large Numbers of People

DEFINING TOURISM

1. Movement of people between two or more places (usually over 50 miles)

DEFINING TOURISM

2. Length of time of movement (temporary) (usually more than 24-hours)

DEFINING TOURISM

3. Purpose (not work, not student travel)

Leisure Time (definition)

1. Increased time free from actual labor

Leisure Time

2. In the 1850s a work week was about 70 hours, today it is just less than 40 hrs.

Leisure Time

3. Paid vacations are the norm

4. With 5-day work week, you get 104 weekend days for leisure, 10 regular holidays in U.S., and paid vacation of 10-20 days, makes a total 125-140 days a year for leisure time.

The Industrial Revolution showed us how to make more “stuff” in less time and thus provided us with more leisure time

Affluence

Pertains to the population gaining a good standard of living.

Sharp increase in real and disposable incomes

The average income today is

fifteen times higher than in 1927

Mobility

Henry Ford created the benchmark for increasing the general public’s mobility

Mobility

In 1900 there were only 8,000 cars in the U.S.

Mobility

by 2000, there were over 3 Trillion cars in the world

Mobility

Affordable cars called for more roads The more cars, the better air service got

(jets) faster mobility

Historical Development of Travel and Tourism

Ancient Times: not much travel, time consuming, expensive, dangerous-Money was main factor, most travel was by waterways, no pavement, you walked mostly

Historical Development

Roman Era: great road builders, armies, expanded empire, made their own coins, developed the holiday (from Holy Day)

Early International Travel

Included the Grand Tour: 16th Century Renaissance, 2 or 3 years for sons of the wealthy, living in Germany, Low Countries, France and Florence to learn culture, traveled all over Europe, improved hospitality to get their $$$$

Early Travel

Seaside and mountain resorts became popular for wealth in the 1800s and early 1900s

New kinds of transportation, the Industrial Revolution and increased leisure time promoted tourism as society advanced in the late 1900s

Early National Patterns in the United States

“Itch Foot” syndrome: in America, the desire, the willingness to travel, see new sites, be on the move

5th Amendment of the U.S. gives us the right to travel and could not be denied without due process

More travelers demanded more roads, then more trains, then more air planes

Early National Patterns in the United States

The West attracted tourist during the 1800s

Religious travel was a driving force in the early 1800s

Other attractions in the 1800s were Resorts, cities, beaches, cultural landscapes Scenic beauty, outdoor recreation, gambling,

entertainment The 1900s say the Industrial Revolution, and 2

World Wars that extended the same reasons to travel in the 1800s

Travel has now become as fundamental a part of American life as housing, food, and work

Current International Patterns of Tourism

International Tourism has increased steadily since the end of WWII

Tourism in less industrialized countries has increased and improved their economies

Current International Patterns of Tourism

European Nations have the largest number of tourists because of so many people close by and because they attract Americans because of historical ties

Mediterranean countries receive the most tourist because of money, climate, sun, sand, sea and cultural attractions

Seasonality

The strongest seasonal fluctuations of tourism is in Europe

North American is not as seasonal as Europe

Purpose of Visit

Holidays are the major purpose for travel

70% of travel is due to holiday, world wide

Money in Tourism

The U.S., Germany and Japan are the leading spenders in the tourism industry

The United Kingdom, France and Italy follow

The United States is the Number 1 spender

SUMMARY

The general impact of tourism is positive Tourism has restored historical places,

buildings, monuments etc. Tourism has established parks and game

reserves, saving the environment Poorer countries have gained

economically from tourism