&k51/L \&%t2% New Friends

Mary, an international student who just arrived in Japan, talks to a Japanese student.

W h l L ' 1 7 - -j-A3*,L0 ~ \ 3 3kLrTT&xo

Mearii Sumirnasen. Irna nanji desu ka.

2 f z 1-j t : I2 I= t l i A T T o Takeshi Juuniji han desu. b25 ' l i t

3 It711-: 9 t"S*L\$-j-, Mearii Arigatoo gozaimasu.

4 kc? L : Takeshi

b h ~ h j ? & lie.

I ?="tL.: A&, 9 1.p j - h 3 ( -WITTjtra, Takeshi Ano, ryuugakusee desu ka. a h 8 j I ) I I i3 'I + - % '

2 $7+ : Z L 0 7 y ~ * - j - ? 3 ~ 6 q a $ s { + l - b w - j - o Mearii Ee. Arizona daigaku no gakusee dew.

3 t= if t : Takeshi

Ti ;i T-j-hx, * A B LC3 2 &TTha, Soo desu ka. Senmon wa nan desu ka.

Mearii Nihongo desu. Ima ninensee desu.

Mary: Excuse me. What time is it now? Takeshi: It's half past twelve. Mary: Thank you. Takeshi: You're welcome.

Takeshi: Urn . . . are you an biternational student? Mary: Yes. I am a strident at the University of Arizona. Takeshi: I see. What is your major? Mary: Japanese. I am a sophomore now.

ano

ima eego Ee gakusee . - . g o

kaokoo gogo gozen . . . sai

. . . san

. . . j i

. . . jin

sensee

senmon

soo desu daigaku denwa tcrrnodachi namae

nan/nani Nihon . . . nensee

h ai han

foangao ryuugakusee watashi

u r n . - .

now

English ~lansuage) Yes student language ex. IT [3 t& L" (mi&- go) Japanese language high school P.M.

A M .

. . . years old Mr,/Ms. - . . o'clock ex. L s% W (khiji) one o'clock people ex. l.2 EZ A U h. (aihore- jipz) Japanese people teacher; Professor . . . major That's right. college; university telephone friend name

what Japan . . . year student ex. t *l %I * L \ (&binwee) first-year student yes half ex. ?=lZki&(n&iAan) half past two number international student I

* Words that appear in the dialogue

ADDITIONAL VOCABULARY

C o u n t r i e s Ameri ka lgirisu Oosutoraria Kankoku Sueeden Chuugoku

kagaku ajiaken kyuu keezai ko kusaikan kee kon pyuutaa jinruigaku seeji bijinesu bungaku rekishi

kaishain kookoasee shufu daigakuinsee daigakusee bengoshi

o kaasan otoosan

oneesan

oniisan irnooto otooto

US-A. Britain Australia Korea Sweden China

science Asian studies economics international. relations computer anthropoIogy pslitics business literature history

job; work; occupation doctor office worker high school student housewife graduate student college student lawyer

mother father older sister older brather younger sister younger brother

"It is 12:30." "I am a student." "My major is the Japanese language." These sentences will all be translated into Japanese using an appropriate noun and the word desu.

@ 9 I = U 1.3 A/ TT0 (It) is half past twelve. Juuniji han desu.

$2 ( * L \ T - F O Gakusee desu.

tc C3X. z*T-3-0 Nihongo desu.

(I) am a studat.

(My major) 6 the Japa~lese language.

Note that none of these sentences has a "subject," like the "it," "I," and "my major" found in their English counterparts. Sentences without subjects are very common in Japanese; Japanese speakers actually tend to omit subjects whenever they think it is clear to the listener what or who they are referring to.

What are we to do, then, when it is not clear what is being talked about? To make explicit what we are talking about, we can say:

t3 b = G3h Z*TT, is the Japalaese kanguage. wa nihongo desu.

Where stands for the thing that is talked about, or the "topic," which is later in the sentence identified as nihowo. For example,

+&XI SI h, 4.3 it t 3 h/ :*TTa (My) major ds the Japanese langwzge. Senrnon w a nihongo desu.

Similarly, one can use the pattern X wa Y desu to identify a person or a thing X as item Y.

t i I t - bk L t 2 X - - +AT?, I am Sue Kim. Watashi wa Suu Kimu desu.

9 3 L f i S " I 3 *L*~\TTo Yarnashita san wa sensee desu. n A 9 6 . $ 7 ' ) - - 3 L l A 7 % 1 ) 3 F J 1 3 ' b - c - - F o Mearii san wa arnerikajin desu.

Mr. Y a w h i f a ik a teacher.

Mary is an American.

Wa is a member of the class of words called "particles." So is the word lzo, which we will turn to later in this lesson. Particles attach themselves to phrases and indicate how the phrases relate to the rest of the sentence.

Note also that nouns like gakwee and sesee in the above examples stand alone, d i k e their English translations "student" and "teacher," which are preceded by "a." In Japanese, there is no item that corresponds to "a," nor is there any item that corresponds to the plural "-s" at the end of a noun- Without background situations, a sentence Iike gakusee desu is therefore ambiguous between the singular and the plural interpretations; it rnay mean "We are/you a d t h e y are students," as well as "I am/you are/she is a student."

It is very easy to form questions in Japanese. Basically, all you need to do is add ka at the end of a statement.

9 a = , P S f ( *L~TT, Ryuugakusee desu. (1 am) an iatemtGmnl sturEenf-

9 @ 3 5: < - @ L Y F & ~ ' Ryuugakusee desu ka. (Are you) a H i ~ t e m a t i o ~ a l student?

The above sentence, Ryzcugakusee desu ka, is a "yes/noW question. Question sentences may also contain a "question word" like nun2 (what). In this Iesson, we learn how to ask, and answer, questions using the following question words: nun.; (what time), namai (how old), nannensee (what year in school). Note. carefully that the order of words in a sentence may be quite different from what you find in your language.

*h% &la Q'a'hTT-h~, Senmon wa nan desu ka. What is your mior?

(+i?hS,&Ll) ;Z~\Z*TT, (Senmon wa) eego desu. (My major) is Eytglish.

'It is not customary to write a question mark at the end of a question sentence in Japanese. 'The Japanese question word for "what" has k v o pronunciations: =an and naai. Naa is used immediate- ly before dmu or before a "counter" like ji (o'clock). The other form, mmi, is used before a particle. Nani is also used in the combination nanl;jin (person of what nationality).

2 fa'X/L*TTha, Ima nanji desu ka. What time is it now?

97'.j-3ctli Qx/%~~TT75~, Mearii san wa nansai desu ka. How old are you, Mary?

QPthk*~ h ~ - p ; t r a . N annensee desu ka. What year are yo= in college?

( b w { CTTO ([ma) kuji desu.

It is nilae o'clock

C:'rgj 4rp3 9 \ T T , Juukyuusai desu.

I'm nineitem years old.

bchk*~\T-$-, Ninensee desu.

T & b tfA 2" 9 t3 3 &TT75*, Denwa bangoo wa

I a 6 a 7 3 4 3 ~ ~ , nan desu ka. lchi hachi roku no nana san yon san desu.

W7uat ii your Eekpkose amber? It is 186-7343.

No is a particle that connects two nouns. The phrase Toozai daigaku nu gakusee means "(a) student at Tozai University." The second noun gukmes provides the main idea" (being a student) and the first one T ~ o z a i daigdku makes it more specific (not a high school, but a college student). No is very versatile. In the first example below, it acts like the possessive ("x's") in English, but that is not the only role no can play. See how it connects two nouns in the following examples.

f r l - f k S h a TLblXLt"? Tukeshi's phone number Takeshi san no denwa bangoo

f3\75${ a, * ~ L * L \ daigaku no sensee

it l 3 h r"n $75." ( * L \ nihongo no gakusee

l=i3L,Ql f sb~&z { nihon no daigaku

a college profasor

a student o f fhe Japanese lamuage

@college i~ Japan

Observe that in the first two examples, the English and Japanese words are arranged in the same order, while in the last two, they are in the opposite order. Japanese seems to be more consistent in arranging ideas here; the main idea always comes at the end, with any further description placed before it.

3Here is what we mean by the "main idea." In the phrase Tukeshi san m dmwa Bangoo (Takeshi's phone number), the noun &wa bawgoo (phone number) is the main idea, in the sense that if something is Takehi's phone number, it is a phone number. The other noun Takeski san is not the main idea, because Takeshi's phone number is not Tak&.

noun, 03 noun,

T t main idea further restriction

A phrase of the form "noun1 m noun? acts more or less like one big noun. You can put it wherever you can put a noun, as in the following example:

id Z ~ O - + / v - t t ~ \ l ~ ~ , Takeshi san no okaasan wa kookoo no sensee desu. Takeski's mather is a high school teacher.

E x p r e s s i o n N o t e r a 1 -

8Db Ano indicates that you have some reservations about saying what you are going to say next. You may be worried about interrupting some- thing someone is currently doing, or soundkg rude and impolite for asking personal questions, for example.

[3tl/ZZb Both Rai and ee mean "yes" in response to yes-no questions. Compared to hai, ea is more conversational and relaxed. In more informal situations, ula is used. Hai is also used to respond to a knock at the door or to the calling of one's

name, meaning "Here," as follows. (Ee cannot be replaced in this case.) T A f

Teacher: 7: 5 2 3 ? Mr. Smith? Sumisu san?

Student: M tl, Hwe. H ai

E3TTlj\b Soo desu ka acknowledges that you have understood what was just said. "Is that so?" or "I see."

Pronunciation of 1% b The particle t;t. is pronounced "wa," not "ha." It should be written with ki. All other instances of " wa" are written with b.

b f c L @I T Z 3 & 37-8667TB, -

Watashi no denwa bangoo wa san narra no hachi roku roku nana desu. My telephone wuwber ii 37-8667.

There are a few exceptions, such as kow~~zkkim (good afternoon) and kmbomwta (good evening). They are usually written with 5, tv tZ 'It; - i2 and 7- h,if&g.

Plumbers b Many number words have more than one pronunciation. Refer to the table at the end of this book for a general picture.

tf 5 13 -ED and are both commonly used. I t~%,butpronouncedas ~ I Y I i n b s 3 & & (oneminute)and t 1 ~ 2

tl (one-year old). 2 tZ all the time- When you &e reading out each digit separately,

as when you give your phone number, it may be pronounced with a lung vowel, as tZl.1.

3 "dX, all the time. The part that follows it may change shape, as in 3 A&&, instead of 3 A&&.

4 L h, is the most basic, but fourth-year student is k ; B a X i - F t h and four o'clock is d; U. In some combinations that we will later kam, it is read as L (as in 'L.fi%?, April). The part that folIows this number may hange shape 'too, as in k. &&A.

5 2 all the time. When read out separately, it may be pronounced with a long vowel, as c-' 3 .

6 ?3 < , but pronounced as 5 9 in 5 9 &A. 7 Q te is the most basic, but seven o'clock is L Ei C. 8 t3 G , but usually pronounced as 6% -7 in iA d:-;, &X. and $2 3 3 tl. 9 3 o 5 is the most basic, but nine o?clock is < C.

10 L@4, butpronouncedas C g q in Cv~&."X/and U ~ 9 3 5 . 1 .

Giving one's telephone number b The particle .pro is usually placed in between the local exchange code and the last four digits. Therefore, the number 012-345-6789 is zero icki xi, saa yon go no, roku nana hachi kyuu.

@hreLlb The word se~see is usually reserved for describing somebody else's occupation. Watashk wa s a m e desu makes sense, but may sound slightly arrogant, because the word semee actually means an "honorable master." If YOU (or a member of your family) are a teacher, and if you want to be really modest, you can use the word kyooshi instead.

&hr b Sun is placed after a name as a generic title. It goes both with a given name and a family name. Children are referred to as chan (and boys in

..-

,.:.I . :'. , pa&culaf as kurr), rather than as sax. Professors and doctors are usually referred to with the title sensee. S m and other title words are never used in reference to oneself.

Referring to the person y w are talking to b The word for "you," anaba, is not very commonly used in Japanese. Instead, we use the name and a title like sun and sensee to refer to the person you are talking to. Therefore, a sentence like "Ms. Hart, are you Swedish?" should be:

I t & t r6 i f P b I\-t. SLEk x ~ 3 - ~ Y L ~ T ~ ~ ~ , Haato san wa sueedenjin desu ka.

It d k 7 L i T / " instead of I\- b 3&, &;fcf..i3 ~ 3 z - r " Y V h / T ? h ~ ~

Haato sari, anata wa sueedenjin desu ka.

Japanese names b When Japanese give their name, they say their family name first and given name last. Usually, they don't have middle names. When they introduce themselves, they often say only their family name. Here are some typical Japanese names.

Family name

S t ? Satoo

TT-3 Suzuki

fz $1 12 L Takahashi

b l k - 5 Itoo

Given name Men Women

v 5 t w4 r Hiroshi Yuuko ~ 1 % 4 4 lchiroo

i?;tXI c Kenji m.5 3 Yuuki

2 341.4 Masahiro

&("a Megumi

B k S r Kyooko

(Numbers) ii Q h - F ~ / + L L \ zero ree

3XI san

k k / L / ( 1 ) yon shi (yo) ?-* C

go

G { roku

Q Q / L % nana shichi

1.3 G hachi

t"rg j L ~ S ; juuichi U q j i : juuni L*@j 3tL juusan L"r95LAJL'@.9 L juuyon juushi r*.p:* juugo r@eJ?d juuroku t"@3QP,./L'@? L G juunana juushichi t"*.s",& juuhachi Ct9- j 3 @ ? / ' C @ ? t juulcyuu juuku I z r t -P? nijuu

3kL"@J5 sanjuu LhU*? yonjuu L*L+@j gojuu & < C @ 3 rokujuu Q Q C * ? nanajuu ! d G r t $ ? hachijuu 3rs - iL"@3 kyuujuu vs { hyaku

A. Read the following numbers. @ (a) 5 (b) 9 (c) 7 (d) I (el 10 (f) 8 (9) 2 (R) 6 ( i ) 4 (j) 3

B. Read the following numbers. @ (a) 45 (13) 83 (c) I9 (d) 76 (el 52 ( f ) 100 (8138 (h)61 (i)24 ( d 9 7

C. What are the answers? (a) 5+3 tb) 9+I (el 3+4 (d) 6 - 6 (e) IO+9 ( f ) 8-7 (9) 40-25

t= U niji

t & U shichiji

S h C sanji

tit% t" hachiji

@ l;f (Time) @

8 L > & r 1 I2 z" U

ichiji yoji goji

, il: ? d l 2 ( C t*=lt' a I rokuji kuji juuji t E I

i :"> (TJ @ L ' @ ; l ~ % t ' C @ ? t c U L\% c l3tL

juuichiji juuniji ichiji han

A. Look at the following pictures and answer the questions. @ Example: Q : & \ 3 tdhL"T'P$ko

h a nanji desu ka. A : ~ ~ G L ' t & X , T T O

Ichiji han desu.

B. Answer the questions. @ Example: Q : Z 1 3 h h T T h a o

Tookyoo wa irna nanji desu ka.

A : r"*h 3 hL'-lvT, Cozen sanji desu.

7 : 00 P.M.

7 Nnrr Vnrlr 3 : 0 0 ~ ~ ~ . 1 : 00 P.M.

5. Bangkok

WL- 6. Sydney 3. Nairobi 4:OO A.M. 9: 00 P.M.

1/ 8. Rio de Janeiro 3:OO P,M.

@ Thral%hZj (Telephone Numbers) A. Read the following people's telephone numbers. @

Example: f : 283-9547 + E=Ga%$/v4, $ 4 3 ;1''1hQQ YarnasRita ni hachj san no kyuu go yon nana

a , d j 7 1 \ 1. $79- 951-0326

Mearii

2. fz i t3 L Takeshi f i

3. 2- Suu ? l I B Y

4. a/\'- p Robaato

B. Pair Work-Read the dialogue below with your partner. @ A : TX/b :* 3 63 Q hTTdxo

Denwa bangoo wa nan desu ka.

B : 283-9547T$, Ni hachi san no kyuu go yon nana desu.

A : 283-9547TTh0 Ni hachi san no kyuu go yon nana desu ne.

B : i i t b l , +?I TTo Hai, soo desu.

C. Group Work-Use the dialogue above and ask three classmates their telephone numbers.

name telephone number

Q lzlzhzlD A$< (L l Translate the following phrases into Japanese using (n (no). @

Example: student of the Japanese language -+ dL 13 t" Ql 21' < L \ nihongo no gakusee

1. my teacher 3. my name 5. Mary's friend 7. teacher of the Japanese language

2. my telephone number 4. Takeshi's major 6. student of the University of London 8. high school teacher

. Look at the chart on the next page and describe each person using the cues in (a) through (e). @

Takeshi san Suu san Robaato san Yamashita sensee

(a) nationality & ' , h I b 91 bj 7 i. A h ' ) +

Example: % 7' '1 - 3 b + % 7 J ) - S h i A 7% ' ) f i h L ? T 0 - Mearii san Mearii san wa amerikajin desu.

(6) year in school g, %, ? 1. L + & ? L .

Example : $ 7 ) - 3 3 %711- ' Ih t3 GZ&~+?L\TT, Mearii san Mearii san wa ninensee desu.

(c) age a r , & 7 ~ 7 a h 1 r \

Example: %7"]-$h + 9 7 ' 1 * $ ! ~ ( 3 c@?J 3 @ ? ~ L ~ T T O Mearii san Mearii san wa juukyuu sai desu.

(d) school & 5 h 1 I h w A l r 3 & ' l F t a '

Example: %71J-2tL + %7'11-3A13 79 'l*-?k.+~\$~< Mearii san Mearii san wa Arizona daigaku no

75s ( ~&c\T-$-~ gakusee desu.

(e) major h h 9 I h n b 1 i k

Example: 7 - A + $7 '1 -3 hC3 + X I $ C C C ~ ~ L ~ T ? ~ Mearii san Mearii san no senmon wa nihongo desu.

I ,4$"L;t;WL I ( Kirnura Takerhi I Kim, Sue Nationality

Year

American

Age

School

Smith, Robert

2nd year

Major

British ( 4 7'1 x u " )

igirisujin Japanese

19

U. of Arizona

4th year

Korean (6.A z { U A)

kankokujin

4th year

Japanese

U. of London

3rd year

22

Tozai Univ. business z r r ? ? (r9;r.x) biiinesu

20

Seoul Univ. history ( jk3 L)

rekishi

B. Pair Work-Ask and answer questions using the given cues.

: b r r computer i t : & ( x x = - y - ) konovuutaa

9 , d j 1 i > & a h ? $ . Example 1: 9 7 ' ) - 3 h / 7 9 ' I f i U L

Mearii san amerikajin d h ~ q r * & & q h -

Q : %r'J-L4, la 7%'ltJ~:'h'il"Tdx, Mearii san wa amerikajin desu ka.

L~:+-/,/%-L\ Yamashita sensee

Japanese

, Tozai Univ.

(Japanese teacher)

A : 2 2 , %-jTTo Ee, soo desu.

w % r ' I i \ Example 2: % 7'1 -3 h / S h . h / v - @ ~ \

Mearii san sannensee h i , 1 r 3

Q : $7'3 -5ktd: 3 X , # 3 t L * b ~ T - T 7 5 * 0 Mearii san wa sannensee desu ka.

A : L\L\Z, t=iklX/*~~T-$-* lie, ninensee desu.

Mearii san Arizona daigaku no gakusee * & ' J t '

2. $7'1 --$h/~%;4a&*L' Mearii san ichinensee

3. t 2 " z Cj L L / C = t S h C & Takeshi san nihonjin

4. k't? L s X//tct3/vtf~\itr'( a 6" *b\ Takeshi san Nihon daigaku no gakrrsee

5. k"rLtS, 'L '@531.s3 2 L ' Takeshi san juukyuusai T i + ;i 5 2 - h

6. X - - 3 ~ / Z ~ . s - ~ 2 ~ ~ Suu san sueedenjin i

7 . X - 3 A n L/if~\3*."L\ (economics) SUU san no senrnon keezai

Rohaato san no senrnon bijinesu . 3 U & Z

9. U p $ - b ?!X//&&h+3~\ Robaato sari yonensee z , i f h L :

10. U P T - ~ ~ X / / ~ C ~ @ ~ C ~ ~ ? ~ L ~ Robaato san nijuuissai

11. 9 3 t f ~ + h L + ? ~ \ / ~ = i a h C L , Yamashita sensee nihonjin

Yamashita sensee Hawai daigaku no sensee

A. Look at the chart below and describe each person with regard to (a) and (b). 1. i 5 h * & 3 i &

okaasan 2. ~ E C L \ $ X ,

oniisan

(a) occupation/school a d j ' l t s

Example: f ; Z i 3,4, 4 z '+I ) -S/vO S L j $/, , I2 ;b'r\Lrb\/vcl, otoosan Mearii san no otaosan wa kaishain desu.

h . 6 1 1 '

Example: + %711-Sha gr -5 ) / Y c ~ L / , L ' a i ~ a ~ $ W f , otoosan Mearii san no otoosan wa yonjuuhassai desu.

Mary's host family

sr. isx/ otoosan

(father)

3 h okaasan

(mother)

Occupation/ School

t *"L shufu

& % L \ t e k \ k kaishain

(works for a company)

(housewife)

oniisan lrnooto

?:L @{ L Z j L j - @ h \ daigakuinsee kookoosee

(graduate (high school student) student)

6. Answer the questions using the chart above.

1. S Z j SXIt3 15a~\te~\X/To$75h, Otoosan wa kaishain desu ka.

2. s r 5. 2At i & F ~ ~ L \ T - T - ~ * ~ Otoosan wa nansai desu ka.

3. SiP& 3 /"4a *A+kc\'C'$is., Okaasan wa sensee desu ka.

4. S+dj 3 5% 2 ~hT- f -h* , Okaasan wa nansai desu ka.

5. i% tc~>$.X,bd hxL\ t +WL:,-ebT~~, Oniisan wa kaishain desu ka.

6. sG=~\shEa Q k S ~ ~ T - T h ' , Oniisan wa nansai desu ka.

7. L \ Z, j Z 13 EL\$; ( -ktkhTTbx, lrnooto wa daigakusee desu ka.

8.- L \ % Ij Z tA ~ & S L \ T + - ? ~ ~ , lrnooto wa nansai desu ka.

@ 2 &@a fib b I$ 3 (Review Exercises) A. Class Activity-Ask five classmates questions and fill in the chart below.

Example questions:

;f; 3 5 2 t i ? (What is your name?) Onarnae wa?

* Z 3 3 f z hao (Where do you come from?) Doko kara kimashita ka.

L r' Z (occupation) id 2 A TTfi', Shigoto wa nan desu ka.

fbCt/&lX,*~~Tj-~'. Nannensee desu ka.

Q ~ 3 ~ q - j - $ ~ ~ Nansai desu ka.

*hi t hita QLT-F;S~, Senrnon wa nan desu ka.

B. Self-introduction-Introduce yourself to t h e class.

Example:

Major, etc. Name

h i i l L 3 1; X z I d C b 3 LT0 %7Y - ~ h - b T T O Hajimernashite. A ' ) Z Q Mearii Haato desu.

7 1) 9 j f : ~ h $ z < 5; { *L\T& L ~ Z Arizona daigaku no gakusee desu. Ima

!~#~XI*L\T-~-, *h/#,Al2 tcC3hz*Tj-, ninensee desu. Senmon wa nihongo desu.

Nationality

L: '~P ~ ~ Q ~ $ c \ T . T , Z " ? F . " k 5 L ( . Juukyuusai desu. Doozo yoroshiku.

Occupation/ School Age

C. Class Activity-Ask your classmates what their majors are, and find someone who has the following major. Example: Q : *h%hla fa'&T$hao

Senrnon wa nan desu ka.

A : i:!3A Z*TTO Nihongo desu.

name

1. Japanese

2. economics

3. English

4. history

5. business

I T i m e / A g e Ti me

hours

kh'f; c ichiji

3ht sanji L r yoji :* r goji t 4 { C rokuji L G U shichiji 13% tJ hachiji (t" kuji

C @ ? L \ g 3 C juuichiji rug j C C ~ juuniji

minutes

I ~ h - 3 ~ : : ~ I I L ' r 9 j ~ \ - d . " h lPPun juuippun

2 d=LaX, 12 C t - F j i = L s A nifun juunifun

3 3 ,4,-.2X/ 13 b 3 StLwi:A sanpun juusanpun

4 k kli:h 14 C:'rg 3 k ttYi:X/ yon pun Juuyonpun

5 ~ $ L \ 5 ~ " S L \ 9 $ @ j ? w issai gosai kyuusai

2 i cSc \ 6 5 ( % > 10 C @ 7 3 ~ 1 nisai rokusai jussai

3 SX/SL\ 7 Q Q ? L \ [ I U r 9 ? ~ \ - = , 5 ~ \ sansai nanasai juuissai

4 k X / $ b \ 8 i 3 - 3 3 b h 20 t;f;7"r%* yonsai hassai hatachi

'For 20 years old, t;t f i t; ~hatachil is usually used, although i = t' @ 7 3 I (nil'msai) can be used.

a Mary goes to a flea market. h b j ? t \

1 % 7 l ] - : Mearii

TA3*tt, r h i a L \ ( h - r ~ h ~ , Sumimasen. Kore wa ikura desu ka.

2 : qjfita LL~FALLT~- , Mise no hito Sore wa sanzen en desu. #I A 'I r b

3 % ~ j - : f ~ i t r ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ , c :'.(. bj, ha z u ~ \ t a L \ { c; ~ j - - h > , Mearii Takai desu ne. Jaa, ano tokee wa ikura desu ka.

4 A*a)'CTZ :': &&l2 3Ae t tL * th < ;2hTT, Mise no hito Are wa sanzengohyaku en desu. &3 A '1 1 ,

5 %7")-: k 3 TTh., &$LS f < h . ~ \ T $ & , Mearii Soo desu ka. Are rno takai desu ne.

6 a*GT)p?f : * ~ ~ & T ~ ~ P 2 h T T k o Mise no hito Kore wa senhappyaku en desu yo. * & ' I t >

7 % 7 l ] - : EP&, + c 3 Z I j t \ 2 ( t : 3 b ~ ~ Mearii Jaa, sono tokee o kudasai.

A man finds

8 Lh2L't.W Shiranai hito & & ' l i h

9 % T i ) - : Mearii

wallet on t h e ground.

r b t d -f:ihcr, 3c\,iaTT Kore wa dare no saifu desu ka.

b?zLG3 $ ~ \ ~ i a T - j - ~ Watashi no saifu dew.

a&> !I h" 3 Z 2 " ~ * ~ \ & -j-, Arigatoo gozai masu.

@ After shopping, Mary goes to a restaurant. i L L Z f z - ? 8 1 1 ~ ~ 3

I 5 ' ~ - b k X : ~ \ ( , q L + L \ ~ - @ ~ % = Z L - ~ Z"-j Fo Ueetoresu I rasshaimase. Menyuu o doozo.