Genetics JeopardyGregor

Mendel

Punnett Squares and

Pedigrees

Probability, Patterns of Inheritance

Protein Synthesis

Mitosis and Meiosis

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Final Jeopardy

Mendel’s rule stating that and organism possesses 2 genes for every trait.

2

What is the rule of Unit Factors?

3

10

How are the principles of segregation and independent assortment related?

5What is allele pairs segregate from one another at gamete production. This occurs for each gene, independently of other genes.

6List 3 reasons Mendel’s choice to work with pea plants was a good one.

7

1.Can self pollinate

2.Traits with 2 distinct phenotypes

3.Small. Reproduce quickly

8

Organisms have 2 alleles for every trait. Their gametes have only 1. Which of Mendel’s principles best illustrates this fact?

9

What is the Law of Segregation?

10A cross between a tall and a short pea plant results in the following offspring:

52 tall

55 short

What are the most likely genotypes of the parent plants? Explain using a Punnett square.

11

A homozygous short plant (recessive) crossed with a heterozygous tall plant.

T t

t

t

12What is the predicted phenotypic ration for the cross below?

Rr x Rr, where R = round seeds and r = wrinkled seeds

13

3:1

14In pea plants, tall is the dominant height allele. Design a test cross to determine the genotype of a tall pea plant.

What results would you expect if the parent were homozygous? Heterozygous?

15

What is cross the tall plant with a homozygous recessive (short) plant.

All tall offspring parent was homozygous tall

½ tall offspring parent was heterozygous tall.

16 Grey eye color is dominant over

blue eyes, and brown hair is dominant over blond. Predict the outcome when 1 individual heterozygous for both traits, is crossed with a homozygous recessive for both traits.

17

What is 1:1:1:1Grey and Brown: Grey and Blonde: Blue and Brown: Blue and Blonde.

18

What type of in heritance is most likely represented by the Pedigree below?

19

What is X-linked recessive?

20

What would be the phenotypic ratio expected from a cross of two heterozygous organisms for:

•A dihybrid trait

•A single incompletely dominant trait.

21

What is:• 9:3:3:1• 1:2:1

22If four coins are flipped together, what is the probability of obtaining the combination of 3 heads and 1 tail?

23

What is4/16 or ¼?

24

In the game “rock, paper, scissors” what is the probability that one player will show scissors, and the other player will show rock?

25

What is 2/9?

26

If an individual has a trait that is not shared with either parent, that trait is referred to as …

27

Incompletely Dominant

28

A mother with type O blood and a father with AB could produce these offspring.

29

What are A and B?

30Two Drosophila melanogaster flies that had normal (transparent, long) wings were mated. 2 new phenotypes appeared in the progeny: dusky, and clipped wings. Provide a genetic explanation for the results below.

Females: Males:________ 179 transparent, long 92 transparent, long58 transparent, clipped 89 dusky, long

28 transparent, clipped 31 dusky, clipped

31What is: Transparent/dusky is on x chromosome. Transparent is dominant.

Long/clipped is on an autosome. Long is dominant.

32During which stage of protein synthesis do the following events occur?

• complementary base pairing of codons and anticodons

• unzipping of DNA

• elongation of polypeptide

33

complementary base pairing of codons and anticodons - translation unzipping of DNA - transcription elongation of polypeptide - translation

34

Describe the function of each of the following:

mRNA

tRNA

rRNA

35mRNA – copies genetic code from DNA, brings it to the ribosome

tRNA – carries amino acid to ribosome

rRNA – component of ribosome

36

What is a karyotype? Describe 2 types of information that can be determined from a karyotype.

37

Karyotype: picture of all chromosomes in a cell, lined up in homologous pairs.

-Male or female

-Non-disjunction or other chromosomal abnormalities.

38How does the genetic code contained in DNA become expressed as a phenotype? Include in your answer:

-The importance of proteins to living things

-Two examples of proteins and their functions.

39DNA codes for the sequence of amino acids in proteins. Proteins fold up based on a.a. sequence. Protein shape results in phenotype.

Keratin, Actin and Myocin, Collagen, Lysozyme, Polymerases, Pepsin and Trypsin, Hemoglobin, Insulin, Dopamine, Epinephrine, Estrogen Testosterone

40

Describe the terms initiation, elongation and termination as they relate to both transcription and translation.

41 Transcription:

Initiation: RNA polymerase begins synthesis of mRNA strand

Elongation: RNA bases are added to growing mRNA strand

Termination: mRNA is finished and released from DNA.Translation: Initiation: Synthesis of polypeptide begins at the ribosome. Start codon is read. Elongation: amino acids are added to growing polypeptideTermination: polypeptide is finished and released from ribosome.

42

List 3 female and 2 male flower parts.

43

Female: Stigma, ovary, pistil

Male: Pollen, stamen, anther

44What is the difference between a diploid cell and a haploid cell? If a human sperm cell has 23 chromosomes, what is the diploid # and the haploid # for humans?

45

What is diploid = 2n. Contains homologous chromosomes.Haploid = 1n.Diploid # = 46Haploid # = 23

46

What is the difference between an autosome and a sex chromosome?How many of each do humans usually have?

47Sex: X and Y chromosomes, not always homologous. (2)Autosome: not x or y. Found in homologous pairs. (44)

48

Describe 3 ways in which Meiosis increases genetic variation among offspring. Why is this important?

49

1.Independent Assortment

2.Crossing Over

3.Fertilization

Variations allow for natural selection.

50

How are mitosis and meiosis different? (Give 3 examples)

How is meiosis 1 different from meiosis 2? (Give 2 examples)

51Mitosis:

1. Produces diploid cells

2. Involves 1 division

3. No crossing over, tetrads, homologous pairs.

Meiosis 1:

1. Separation of homologous pairs, not chromatids

2. DNA replicates prior

52

The gene for hairy-rimmed ears is on the Y chromosome. Predict the inheritance pattern for hairy rimmed ears.

53 What is only seen in males and always passes from father to son?