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Genetics 320Understanding Genetics for Life SciencesMohsen Mohammadi, Assistant Professor of Wheat Breeding and Quantitative Genetics
Department of Agronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA Email: [email protected]
Introduction Quantitative genetics
Contemporary genetics - Reverse genetics
Genetics is fun and plays role in almost every discipline. Along with physiology of production, genetics is the foundation of modern agricultural economy.
Which one?
or
or
Which one? Which one?
or or
oror
Punnett square makes it easier
25% AB 25% Ab 25% aB 25% ab
25% AB AABB AABb AaBB AaBb
25% Ab AABb AAbb AaBb Aabb
25% aB AaBB AaBb aaBB aaBb
25% ab AaBb Aabb aaBb aabb
Hypostatic gene
EE
Ee
ee
HH
Hh
hh
HH
Hh
hh
HH
Hh
hh
EEHH
EEHh
EEhh
EeHH
EeHh
Eehh
eeHH
eeHh
eehh
Progeny genotypes
1/16
Epistatic gene
Hypostatic gene
EE
Ee
ee
HH
Hh
hh
HH
Hh
hh
HH
Hh
hh
EEHH
EEHh
EEhh
EeHH
EeHh
Eehh
eeHH
eeHh
eehh
Progeny genotypes
FrequencyEpistatic gene
2/16
1/16
2/16
4/16
2/16
1/16
2/16
1/16
1/16
2/16
1/16
2/16
4/16
2/16
1/16
2/16
1/16
12/16 – 3/16 – 1/16 | 12:3:1 9/16 – 3/16 – 4/16 | 9:3:4
3E
1 e (3
H: 1
h)
3E
(3H
: 1h
1 e
Dominant E does not let H to play a role Recessive e does not let H to play a role
Dominant epistasis Recessive epistasis
2200 bp
796 bp702 bp
DNA ladder
120 bp
1 2 3 4 4 6 7 8 9 10
Number of favorable allele (A2)
A1A1 A1A2 A2A2
0 1 2
Ph
eno
typ
e
Relationship: AdditiveAllele A2 is dominant
P = G + EVP = VG + VE
p= ? q = ?
Classical genetics
Transmission genetics Punnett square
Chi-squared procedure
Determination of sex
Pedigree analysis
Mitosis and Meiosis
Molecular genetics
Epistasis
Griffith Hershey-Chase Meselson–StahlWatson-Crick
Franklin
DNA structure
DNA replication
DNA packing
PCR
The Central Dogma
Prokaryotic control of transcription Eukaryotic gene model
The genetic code
Genetics of linked genes
Haldane correction
Kosambi correction
Population genetics
Crossing over and recombination fraction
Gene ordering
Map distance
Gene pool Migration Mutation Genetic drift Bottlenecking Selection
Founder effectInbreeding
q1q1q2q2q3q3 x q1q1Q2Q2Q3Q3
µ, σ2
Offspring-parent regression
poor x poor
good x poor
good x good
Pro
ge
ny
pe
rform
an
ce
HeritabilityTransgressive
segregation
Change of genetic material
Contemporary genetics Forward genetics
QTL mapping GWASMutants
Contemporary genetics Sequencing
Sanger sequencing Chromosome walking
Next-generation sequencingSequence
homology
Cloning site directed mutagenesis
TALEN
Zinc Finger Nucleases
CRISPR-Cas
Contemporary genetics – Gene expression
Microarrays RNA seq qRT-PCR
Final Notes:
Mutation at partial chromosome levels
Nondisjunction in meiosis
Genetic syndromes Polyploidy
Expression patterns
Gene and sample clustering
Read alignment and quantification
Comparison of relative expression
Genetics 320Understanding Genetics for Life SciencesMohsen Mohammadi, Assistant Professor of Wheat Breeding and Quantitative Genetics
Department of Agronomy, Purdue University West Lafayette, Indiana, USA Email: [email protected]
