GENESYS 2004 Enterprise

Getting Started

Eagleware Corporation owns both the GENESYS software program suite and its documentation. No part of this publication may be produced, transmitted, transcribed, stored in a retrieval system, or translated into any language in any form without the written permission of Eagleware Corporation.

Copyright © 1985-2004 Eagleware Corporation. All rights reserved

Eagleware Corporation 635 Pinnacle Court Norcross, GA 30071 USA Main Phone: 678-291-0995 Sales Phone: 678-291-0259 Support Phone: 678-291-0719 Fax: 678-291-0971 Printed in the United States of America.

Version 2004 first printing March 2004

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Table Of Contents

Chapter 1 GENESYS Product Information........................................................................... 1 GENESYS Design Flow ..................................................................................................................1 About This Guide ..............................................................................................................................1 GENESYS Product Overview ........................................................................................................1 GENESYS Enterprise.......................................................................................................................4

Chapter 2 GENESYS Environment Tour............................................................................... 7 GENESYS Workspace Window .....................................................................................................7 Design Environment Overview.......................................................................................................7 Menu Descriptions.............................................................................................................................8 Schematic Capture..............................................................................................................................9 Outputs ..............................................................................................................................................11 Tuning ................................................................................................................................................11 Advanced T/LINE..........................................................................................................................13 Equations...........................................................................................................................................14 Optimization .....................................................................................................................................15 Statistical Analysis ............................................................................................................................16 Layout.................................................................................................................................................17

Chapter 3 Synthesis Overview .......................................................................................... 19 A/FILTER - Active Filter Synthesis ............................................................................................19 EQUALIZE - Group Delay Equalization...................................................................................20 FILTER - Lumped Filter Synthesis ..............................................................................................22 M/FILTER - Microwave Filter Synthesis....................................................................................23 MATCH - Impedance Match Synthesis .......................................................................................25 Signal Control ...................................................................................................................................27 S/FILTER - Advanced Filter Synthesis .......................................................................................28 T/LINE - Transmission Line Parameters ...................................................................................30

Chapter 4 SPECTRASYS Basics.......................................................................................... 33 SPECTRASYS System Analysis Basics ........................................................................................33

Index................................................................................................................ 35

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Chapter 1 GENESYS Product Information

GENESYS Design Flow Our complete suite of design tools makes start-to-art design quicker and easier. Beginning with the system simulator, you can create an overall block diagram and simulation of the circuit board including elements such as mixers, amplifiers, and couplers. After you have reached your system goals, you can then synthesize each block using our synthesis tools to design, simulate and produce PWB layouts of filters, oscillators, matching networks, amplifiers, and group delay equalizers. This same artwork drives our electromagnetic simulator that has capabilities such as automatic lumped element inclusion, generalized S-parameters, multimode decomposition, and multi-level simulation. Tools include synthesis, schematic capture, circuit and electromagnetic simulation, and PCB/MIC layout.

About This Guide Getting Started is for first-time users of GENESYS products and users upgrading to the newest version. This guide will give you a quick tour of our modules, give you a brief overview of our design environment, serve as a tutorial on maneuvering in our software, and lead you through some simple examples. After you finish reading this guide, please refer to the other GENESYS manuals for more detailed information and instructions on features. A complete set of GENESYS manuals includes: Installation Guide, Getting Started, User's Guide, Element Catalog, Examples, Simulation, Synthesis

GENESYS Product Overview GENESYS Enterprise

Intended for companies who want to improve the productivity of engineering workgroups and their entire development-to-manufacturing flow, GENESYS Enterprise Suites include

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GENESYS' state-of-the-art technology plus customizable integration features such as scripting, XML input/output, and library management.

GENESYS Professional

For individual design automation, GENESYS Professional offers high performance at affordable prices. While workgroup and enterprise capabilities are limited in this line, individual engineers have access to a wide range of tools, including system, linear and nonlinear circuit, and EM simulation, ten state-of-the-art synthesis products, and full-featured layout.

GENESYS Personal

For the most cost sensitive applications, GENESYS Personal offers impressive power priced under $1000. In addition to the design capture and analysis power of GENESYS Personal, you can add a wide range of synthesis products to solve specific design problems.

Feature GENESYSPersonal

GENESYS Professional

GENESYS Enterprise

GENESYS Graphical Environment

Linear Simulation

Schematic Entry

Real-Time Tuning

Full Set of Circuit and System Elements

Rectangular Graphs, Smith Charts, Polar Charts, and Table Output

Equations available for Component Values

Libraries of popular S-Parameters and Substrates

Optimization

Internationalization: Same file format for all languages

Localization: Japanese, Chinese (Simplified and Traditional), Korean

GENESYS Product Information

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Feature GENESYS Personal

GENESYS Professional

GENESYS Enterprise

Integrated Layout Design Entry Demo Mode*

Statistical Analysis (Monte Carlo, Design Centering, Yield Opt)

Parameter Sweeps and 3D Graphs

Integrated Model Editing

Hierarchical Circuits (nested schematics) & Simulation Override

Custom Schematic Symbols

Extensibility through user-created DLL’s

Output Equations (Equations with simulation data)

Load Pull Contour Display

Workgroup Features (Network Dir. Customization)

ADS Export

Parts Library Manager

XML Part Input/Output Support

Visual Basic Macro Scripting

EMPOWER opt **

HARBEC, SPECTRASYS opt **

Synthesis Products opt *** opt **

Substrate Dependent RLC Libraries **

Advanced Modeling Kit **

Online Documentation

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Feature GENESYSPersonal

GENESYS Professional

GENESYS Enterprise

Printed Manuals

Email and Web based technical support

Telephone Technical Support opt opt

Hardware Key Support

Network Floating Licenses opt

GENESYS Enterprise Enterprise design suites include all of GENESYS' state-of-the-art technology including scripting, XML input/output, and library management. All Enterprise design suites are available as floating network licenses.

• GENESYS Complete Designer - the complete suite for design of all types of circuits and systems

• RF Board Designer - for design of RF systems on PC boards (typically under 3-5 GHz)

• Microwave Designer - for design of microwave and millimeter wave systems

• MMIC Designer - for design of GaAs ICs

• RF Architect - for design of RF and microwave system architectures at any frequency

The Enterprise design suite comparison chart helps you compare the capabilities of each suite.

Feature RF Architect

RF Board Microwave MMIC Complete

GENESYS Graphical Design Environment

Integrated Layout Design Entry

TESTLINK instrumentation interface

Simulation

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Feature RF Architect

RF Board Microwave MMIC Complete

Linear Simulator

SPECTRASYS Spectral Domain System Simulator

HARBEC Harmonic Balance Nonlinear Simulator

EMPOWER/ML Multi-Level Planar 3D EM Simulator

Advanced Modeling Kit

Libraries of popular S-Parameters and Substrates

Substrate Dependent RLC Libraries

Synthesis

M/FILTER Microwave Distributed Filter Synthesis

FILTER LC Filter Synthesis

A/FILTER Active Op-Amp Filter Synthesis

S/FILTER Adv Direct LC/Distributed Filter Synthesis

EQUALIZE Delay Equalization Synthesis

SIGNAL CONTROL Splitter, Coupler, Balun and Attenuator Synthesis

OSCILLATOR Oscillator Synthesis

MATCH Impedance Matching Synthesis

Advanced T/LINE Transmission Line Synthesis and Circuit Conversion

PLL Phase Lock Loop Design

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Chapter 2 GENESYS Environment Tour

GENESYS Workspace Window There are certain steps you should take in order to successfully complete your designs, simulations, and graphical outputs. The GENESYS tree will keep all these different designs, simulations, and outputs organized. To add new objects to the tree just right-click a folder and select one of the Add options from the mouse menu. To delete objects right-click the object and select Delete. To manage objects in a more unified fashion select from the Workspace menu.

For more information about the tree, see the GENESYS Workspace Window in the User Guide.

Basic steps to complete a design from start to finish:

1. Create a design either by hand or by using one of our synthesis modules.

2. Create an analysis to define how you want to simulate.

3. Create your output graph(s).

4. Set your optimization targets (if needed)

Design Environment Overview Our Graphical User Interface allows you to effectively manage your screen space. It performs like any other modern Windows application with right-click pop-up menus, tree management, and standard editing and output options. It is easily integrated with other applications. You can view multiple schematics and multiple simulations simultaneously. We have also incorporated post-processing, multimode decomposition, co-simulation, and customized graphing.

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A sample GENESYS main window is shown below.

Click any part of this image for more specific help

Items shown on the main screen:

• Menus

• Toolbars

• Schematic Toolbar

• Tune Window

• Rectangular Graphs

• Workspace Window

• Layouts

• Equations

• Notes

• Part Selector

• Status bar

Menu Descriptions File: Includes all file management functions such as starting a new workspace, importing libraries, saving, printing, sending via email, etc.

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Edit: Includes basic editing functions such as undo, copy, past, mirror, rotate, select all, etc.

View: Includes window and toolbar viewing options. You can show or hide the workspace window, tuning window, toolbars, etc. Also allows you to zoom in and out.

Workspace: Manages workspace contents such as inserting a new schematic or deleting a graph.

Actions: Controls simulation functions such as updating traces, Monte-Carlo analysis, Yield Optimization, etc.

Tools: Includes the Footprint Editor and global options.

Schematic: Controls whether components are tunable or fixed, converts elements using Advanced TLINE, renumbers nodes, etc.

Window: Allows windows to be viewed in various formats: Tile Horizontal, Tile Vertical, or Cascade.

Help: Allows you to automatically download the latest authorization codes. Includes on-line help and information about GENESYS.

Schematic Capture

Note: This getting started manual only provides a brief overview of Schematic Capture. To see how to create and simulate a schematic, see the walkthrough in the Schematic section of the user's guide.

Schematic Capture helps you quickly and easily create a circuit descriptions for your design needs. GENESYS includes all basic component models such as resistors,

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capacitors, inductors, and amplifiers. We also provide you with a wide range of linear and non-linear components such as FET's. GENESYS also allows you to lay down distributed elements like microstrip and stripline. These schematics can be saved, documented, and printed for your everyday needs.

Steps to create a schematic:

1. Click the New Item button in the Workspace Tree and select Add Schematic in the Design submenu.

2. Select components from the toolbars such as the lumped elements and place them on the schematic. For example, click the Resistor picture then click in the schematic to place a resistor. Or, use the Part Selector to select which parts to place.

3. Connect parts together by dragging the nodes together. The InstaWire feature makes the process of wiring parts together very easy.

4. Open the component properties to set values by double-clicking on them. (Components which are purple have not been assigned values yet).

5. Add ports to the final schematic for analysis.

Note: You can also use shortcuts such as "L" for inductors, "C" for capacitors, "R" for resistors, "I" for input port, "O" for output port and "W" for wire to save time.

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Outputs

Note: Before you can create an output, you must create a simulation to generate the data. See the Schematic Capture section of the User's Guide for information on creating a linear simulation. Or, see the Simulation Guide for details on creating all types of simulations.

We have several different output types to display your simulation results: Rectangular Graph, Smith Chart, 3D Graph, Polar Chart, Variable Viewer, and Tables.

Steps to create a rectangular graph:

1. Draw or open a schematic and create an analysis.

2. Click the New Item button in the Workspace Tree and select Add Rectangular Graph in the Output submenu.

3. Select the Default Simulation/Data or Equations.

4. Manually enter the measurement or use the Measurement Wizard to find the measurement you want.

Note: Frequently used graphs can be easily created from a schematic using the InstaGraph feature, accessed by right-clicking a port or node on a schematic.

Tuning Another very powerful feature that GENESYS has is the ability to tune your components and instantaneously watch your response change in real time. You can make variables tunable by clicking "tune" in the component properties box.

Capacitor properties:

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Variable window and open loop gain response:

Steps to tune variables:

1. Make components variables by checking the "tune" checkbox in component properties.

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2. In the variable window pressing the up/down arrows located next to the component value is one way to tune.

3. Pressing the page up/page down buttons on the keyboard is another method.

4. Highlighting the value in the value box and re-entering a new value is the last method for tuning.

Note: The dotted response is the original. Then solid response is the "tuned" or new filter response after tuning a few components.

Advanced T/LINE Advanced T/LINE is used to convert electrical parameters to physical line topologies such as coaxial, microstrip, stripline. Advanced T/LINE also automatically inserts DisCos (Eagleware's new discontinuity models) where a discontinuity exists. The DisCos will automatically "absorb" the line lengths so the user doesn't have to calculate new line dimensions.

Steps to convert electrical parameters to physical dimensions:

1. Select all electrical lines you wish to convert.

2. Click on "Convert Using Advanced T/LINE..." from the Schematic toolbar which will bring up the screen shown above.

3. Select the Process or the type of line you wish to convert to. You should also define the via hole radius and conversion frequency.

Electrical circuit before converting to microstrip:

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Physical microstrip dimensions after conversion:

Notice how Advanced Tline automatically converted the electrical parameters to microstrip dimensions and how it automatically inserted the discontinuities where they exist.

Equations Our equations block lets you define component values with algebraic expressions. GENESYS has a set of mathematical functions, operators, and control statements with automatic parsing. It allows you to gang-tune elements and create your own user functions.

Equations and tuning variables from Equation Example:

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This example illustrates tuning by center frequency, bandwidth in MHz, and Inductor unloaded Q by using the equations block to come up expressions.

Optimization GENESYS has two very distinct optimization algorithms; a gradient search and a pattern search with adaptive and independent step size for each variable. Both of these techniques are utilized during an automatic optimization.

Steps to perform an optimization:

1. Draw or load a circuit; analyze it; mark parts tunable.

2. Create an optimization by clicking the New Item button in the GENESYS tree and selecting Add Optimization.

3. Fill in the appropriate data such as the measurement, Op, Target, Weight, fMin, and fMax values.

4. Click on Optimize Now.

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Note: When setting fMin/fMax values, you should allow some "frequency space" for the same measurement type so the optimizer can reach realizable circuit values. Overlapping frequencies for the same measurement type presents a conflict to the optimizer.

Note: For path optimizations using SPECTRASYS the values of 'fMin' and 'fMax' represent a node index along the specified path, the first node of the path is represented by index 0. The 'fMin' and 'fMax' value should be set to the same index for the given path. For example, if the path followed the node sequence: 1,3,5,22,9,4,2 then index 6 would be used for both the 'fMin' and 'fMax' value for measurement optimization at node 2.

Statistical Analysis The function of statistical analysis is to consider real-world scenarios. It computes the response with each component stepped up/down according to tolerances. We have four types: Monte Carlo, Sensitivity, Design Centering, and Yield Optimization.

Steps to setup statistics and variables:

1. Create or open a schematic and make components tunable by checking tune in the components properties box.

2. In the GENESYS toolbar select Actions and click on Setup Variables to open the dialog box above.

3. Set the optimization mode for each variable. Constant means that no optimization is performed, Limited means that the analysis will use the Opt Min and Opt Max to set its values, and Unlimited means the limits are unconstrained.

4. Choose the distribution type and the % Sigma or % down if applicable.

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5. Set the number of samples and random number seed.

6. Then select one of the statistical analysis methods (e.g. Monte Carlo).

Layout Layout creates a board description for sending to a board plotter or for simulating the EM effects via EMPOWER simulation.

You can export the layout for milling or etching in standard industry formats such as Gerber, DXF, and GDSII.

You can either create a layout based on a schematic or from scratch.

Steps to create a layout:

1. Draw or open a schematic.

2. Click the New Item button in the Workspace Tree and select Add Layout in the Design submenu.

3. Define the layout properties - in particular which schematics it depends on.

4. Connect parts together according to their rubber bands.

Layout of the tuned bandpass example:

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Notice how the lines are connected and the two ports are centered on the line and box edge. The ports will automatically de-embed the lines away from the side wall.

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Chapter 3 Synthesis Overview

A/FILTER - Active Filter Synthesis The A/FILTER Active Filter module synthesizes active filters with capacitors, resistors, and operational amplifiers. Both traditional voltage gain filters and resistively terminated filters are designed.

Menu Description:

• Topology (shown above) - Allows you to choose the type and shape of the filter.

• Settings - Choose the order, passband ripple, attenuation at cutoff, cutoff frequency, resonator R (ohms) and resonator C (pF).

• Options - Allows you to specify an input and output buffer(s), allows 3rd order sections, distribute gain, use simple 1st order section, and reverse order of poles. This is also where you specify the Rin, Rout, DC gain, and 0 dB frequency.

• G Values - Lets you specify G Values for your given filter.

• Summary - This summarized the characteristics of your filter topology.

Steps to create an active filter:

1. Click the New Item button in the Workspace Window (usually docked on the left side of the screen). Select Add Active Filter under the Synthesis submenu.

2. Under Topology choose the type and shape of the filter you want to design.

3. Specify the order, passband ripple, attenuation at cutoff, cutoff frequency, resonator R and resonator C in the Settings tab. The Settings tab entries will differ depending on the Topology and Shape you select for your filter.

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4. Select any other options you want including your op amp defaults in the Options tab.[optional]

5. If you want a custom filter shape, set your G values in the G Values tab. [optional]

6. Click on Optimize to optimize your active filter to the optimal response. [optional]

Schematic of a 3rd order active filter:

EQUALIZE - Group Delay Equalization EQUALIZE is used to synthesize all-pass networks that compensate for group delay distortion. Group delay is the rate of change of phase with frequency. When complex signals are transmitted through systems where the group delay versus frequency is not constant, distortion results. The need for flat group delay increases with modern efficient modulation schemes.

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Menu Descriptions:

• Settings (shown above) - Specify your design, number of sections, frequency limits, impedance, and optimization method.

• Sections - Specifies your equalization section type(s).

• Defaults - Here is where you specify your inductor and capacitor quality factor Q, Rin, Rout, DC Gain, and 0dB frequency.

• Summary - This tab summarizes your equalization design.

Steps to create an equalization circuit:

1. Click the New Item button in the Workspace Window (usually docked on the left side of the screen). Select Add Equalization under the Synthesis submenu.

2. Select the design you want to create the equalization circuit for in the Settings tab.

3. Specify the number of sections, lower and upper frequency ranges, matched impedance value, and optimization method in the Settings tab.

4. Select the section type in the Sections tab.

5. Specify the inductor and capacitor Q's and other default values in the Defaults tab.

Schematic of a three section equalization circuit for a bandpass filter:

Group delay output graph of the circuit above:

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Note: The blue response is the original filter's group delay. The red response is the new group delay response with the equalization circuit cascaded with the filter.

FILTER - Lumped Filter Synthesis Use FILTER to design a variety of L-C (lumped elements) filter topologies with virtually all published transfer function approximations, thus providing you with solutions for a wide range of applications requiring L-C filter structures.

Menu Descriptions:

• Topology (shown above) - Allows you to change the topology and shape of the filter.

• Settings - Lets you specify the input resistance, cutoff frequency, order of filter, passband ripple, and attenuation at cutoff.

• Defaults - Lets you specify the Quality factor (Q) of the filters capacitors and inductors.

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• G Values - Lets you optionally specify the G Values of your filter for custom shapes.

• Summary - Summarizes the parameters of your filter.

Steps to create a filter:

1. Click the New Item button in the Workspace Window (usually docked on the left side of the screen). Select Add Passive Filter under the Synthesis submenu.

2. Select the type and shape of the filter.

3. Enter all parameters found in the Settings tab.

4. Set your inductor and capacitor Quality Factor Q in the Defaults tab.[optional]

5. Set your G values in the G Values tab. [optional]

8th order filter schematic using L's and C's:

M/FILTER - Microwave Filter Synthesis The M/FILTER synthesis module is the best way to synthesize lowpass, bandpass, highpass, and notch filters with stepped-impedance, end-coupled, edge-coupled, combline, interdigital, and stub topologies. M/FILTER supports microstrip, stripline, coax, slabline, and electrical processes. It displays a physical view that updates as the user modifies input parameters, thus providing direct feedback concerning size and realization issues. Layout artwork can be printed or exported as DXF, Gerber, GDSII, AutoCAD, and HPGL files.

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Menu Descriptions:

• Topology - Allows you to specify the type and shape of the microwave filter

• Settings (shown above) - Lets you specify the input and output resistances, order, upper/lower cutoff frequencies, desired resonator Z's, length of resonators at cutoff frequency and the length of in/output lines.

• Options - Gives you the option of creating a layout and advanced T/LINE options as well.

• G Values - Lets you specify G values.

• Summary - Gives you a summary of the filters characteristics such as cutoff frequencies and filter order.

Steps to create a microwave filter:

1. Click the New Item button in the Workspace Tree and select Add Microwave Filter in the Synthesis submenu..

2. Set the topology of the filter (e.g. lowpass, bandpass) and shape of the filter in Topology tab.

3. Specify the input resistance, passband ripple (dB), filter order, cutoff frequency, minZ/maxZ, and length of input/output lines under the Settings tab.

4. Determine how the filter will be manufactured (e.g. microstrip, slabline) and whether or not you want M/FILTER to create a layout for you under the Options tab.

5. Click on Optimize to optimize your circuit to the best response.

Layout of an 1150MHz - 1200MHz interdigital filter:

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Output graph of the distributed filter above:

Note: Both responses, blue and red, are plotting S21 on different scales.

MATCH - Impedance Match Synthesis Use MATCH to synthesize L-C and distributed impedance matching networks for your designs. The software can match devices with extreme impedances, multiple-stage amplifiers, and broadband problems. The main threat when designing matching networks is bandwidth. When bandwidth increases, the matching network becomes much more complex making matching network very hard to design by hand. MATCH includes eight matching network algorithms to solve your most complex, high-bandwidth applications.

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Menu Descriptions:

• Settings - Specify upper and lower frequency limits and the number of points.

• Sections (shown above) - Specify your network topologies, add/delete sections.

• Defaults - Specify inductor and capacitor quality factor Q, Transmission loss in dB.

• Summary - Summarizes the matching network with information such as input and output characteristics and the type of matching network(s) used.

Steps to design a matching network:

1. Click the New Item button in the Workspace Tree and select Add Microwave Filter in the Synthesis submenu.

2. Set your lower and upper frequency limits in the settings tab.

3. Specify your section types such as input/output ports and matching networks in the sections tab. There are eight types of pre-defined types of networks you can choose from. We also provide you with a custom schematic type which allows you to enter you own network.

4. Click on the Apply button to apply your specifications.

5. Click on Optimize to automatically optimize your circuit for optimal performance.

Schematic of a 4th order bandpass filter network matching 50 ohms to 80 ohms:

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Note: For optimization, MATCH automatically makes all components tunable with the question (?) mark next to the component value.

Signal Control The Signal Control Synthesis module enables the user to design splitters, couplers, baluns, and attenuators. These elements may be implemented using either distributed (i.e. transmission lines) or lumped (e.g. resistors and capacitors) components. The following paragraphs describe types of signal control elements.

Signal Control Types, Classes & Subclasses

The types of signal control devices and the implementation classes are presented in the following table.

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Table of Signal Control Types & Classes

Type Class

Splitter (0 deg) Wilkinson

Transformer

Resistor

Splitter (90 deg) Branch line

Lange Coupler

Backward wave

Broadside coupled lines

Splitter (180 deg) Rat-race

Transformer

Coupler (0 deg) Transformer

Resistor

Coupler (90 deg)

Branch line

Lange coupler

Backward wave

Broadside coupled lines

Balun Lange Coupler

Transformer

Lumped

Half Wave

Quarter Wave Coax

Attenuator Resistor

S/FILTER - Advanced Filter Synthesis S/FILTER is the most powerful lumped and distributed filter synthesis module we have to offer. S/FILTER uses a technique called direct synthesis. Direct Synthesis uses design criteria, forms a purely mathematical representation (transfer function) and extracts a schematic. With each design criteria, you have hundreds, even thousands of filter

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topologies to choose from. You also have the power to add or delete your own transfer functions on top of what we provide you with.

Menu Descriptions:

• Start - Gives you the option of starting a new filter, save settings, load settings, or run the shape wizard.

• Specifications - Allows you to specify source/load impedances, lower/upper cutoff frequencies, ripple, 1/4 wave frequency, the process, shape, zero frequencies, and type of filter.

• Extractions - Here is where you can see the different filter extractions S/FILTER computed for you.

• Transforms (shown above) - In this tab, you have the power to apply transforms, simplify the circuit, and remove transformers. This eliminates the time consuming "text-book" approach many engineers grown accustom to in the past.

• History - This section lists out every step S/FILTER went through in order to give you the filter on screen. You also have the option of deleting and editing steps.

Steps to create a filter:

1. Click the New Item button in the Workspace Tree and select Run S/Filter in the Synthesis submenu.

2. Click on New filter in the Start tab to begin a new filter design.

3. Specify your source/load impedances, cutoff frequencies (MHz), ripple (dB), and 1/4 wave frequency (MHz), process, shape, and type in the Specifications tab. For a more ideal cutoff frequency you can specify zero frequencies near the cutoff frequencies (not at the cutoff's).

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4. Choose the filter extraction you would like to use in the Extractions tab. To view a specific extraction, simply click on the row to see your schematic change.

5. If you need to perform a transform on the filter, or simplify it down by removing the transformer, you can do so in the Transforms tab.

100MHz - 500MHz bandpass filter response with two zero frequencies at 550MHz:

Schematic of the 100MHz - 500MHz distributed bandpass filter:

T/LINE - Transmission Line Parameters T/LINE computes transmission line performance parameters from physical descriptions (analysis) or determines dimensions from the required line impedance (synthesis). Some of the T/LINE topologies are microstrip, stripline, coplanar, coaxial, slabline, etc... Use Advanced T/LINE to automatically convert electrical schematics to physical schematics. Advanced T/LINE also automatically inserts DisCos (Eagleware's new discontinuity models).

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Menu Description:

• File - This menu lets you open files, save, and close.

• Units - Switch between Metric and English units.

• Type - Specify your transmission line type.

• Help - Lets you search for help topics.

• Synthesize (F3) - Pressing this button will synthesize the line dimension to match your required impedance.

Steps to synthesize a transmission line:

1. Click the New Item button in the Workspace Tree and select Run TLINE in the Synthesis submenu.

2. Specify the units in either English or Metric from the Units toolbar.

3. Specify the type of transmission line from the Type toolbar.

4. Enter all substrate information.

5. Enter frequency and other variables which do not contain the asterisk (*) beside them.

6. Clicking on Synthesize will bring up a parameter box allowing you to enter an impedance value. T/LINE will then calculate the appropriate line dimension to match your impedance.

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Chapter 4 SPECTRASYS Basics

SPECTRASYS System Analysis Basics SPECTRASYS is an RF architectural / system simulation tool. This simulator works in the frequency domain where all signals have spectral density and bandwidth. Both behavioral models as well as linear models can be used in the simulator. Non linearities are created in the non linear behavioral models. All signals, intermods, harmonics, and noise created at any given node are propagated to every node in the schematic or block diagram. All of these signals are tracked individually and thus contain identification information about their type of signal (i.e. source, intermod, harmonic, noise, etc), frequency, power level, and bandwidth. Furthermore, each signal has the ability to determine which element created them and the path the signals took to arrive at the viewing destination.

Cascaded analysis can be performed by examining various aspects of the spectrum along a user defined path in the schematic or block diagram. These paths contain a name, sequence of node numbers, and the a frequency. Because all signals have spectral density and bandwidth a channel must be defined in order to create cascaded measurements. Channelized measurements like 'Channel Power' or 'Cascaded Noise Figure' can be displayed in a graph or a table for any given path. Path measurements displayed in a graph are called a 'Level Diagram'. SPECTRASYS supports many channelized measurements along a path as well as spectrum power and voltage phase at any given node.

See the Walkthrough: SPECTRASYS section for a step by step example.

Menu Descriptions:

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• General - Specify the schematic to be simulated, channel bandwidth (like the resolution bandwidth of a spectrum analyzer), and define all of the sources that will be applied to the schematic.

• Paths - Specify all paths to be analyzed.

• Calculate - Specify the types of signals to be calculated.

• Composite Spectrum - Specify what type of information is to be displayed in spectrum plots.

• Options - Specify other governing properties of the system analysis.

Steps to analyze a System

1. Create a schematic or block diagram to be analyzed.

2. Click the New Item button in the Workspace Tree and select 'Add System Analysis' in the 'Analysis' submenu.

3. Set the 'Design to Simulate', 'Channel Measurement Bandwidth', and add 'Sources' for the schematic in the General tab.

4. Add paths if desired in the Paths tab.

5. Add spectrum plots by right clicking on the desired node and select 'Add New Graph / Table' then the appropriate spectrum from the submenu. Common level diagrams or tables can be created using the same process. However, the user must right click on the end node for the desired path in order for it to be listed as an available measurement. See Instagraph for additional information.

6. Any graph or table can be added through the traditional processes. One way is to click the New Item button in the Workspace Tree and select the appropriate Graph or Table on the 'Output' submenu. The Measurement Wizard is a great tool in helping the user select the desired measurement.

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Index

A A/FILTER.......................................................... 19 Active Filter Overview ...................................... 19 Advanced T/LINE............................................ 13 Attenuator ........................................................... 27

B Balun .................................................................... 27

C Coupler ................................................................ 27

D Design Flow.......................................................... 1

E Equalize ............................................................... 20

F FILTER............................................................... 22

L Layout Overview................................................ 17

M M/FILTER......................................................... 23 MATCH .............................................................. 25

Menus .................................................................... 8 Microwave Filter ................................................ 23

O Optimization....................................................... 15 Outputs................................................................ 11 Overview............................................................... 7

P Passive Filter....................................................... 22

S S/FILTER .......................................................... 28 Schematic .............................................................. 9 SCHEMAX........................................................... 9 Signal Control..................................................... 27 SPECTRASYS Basics ....................................... 33 Splitter.................................................................. 27 Statistical Analysis .............................................. 16 Synthesis, Active Filter ...................................... 19 Synthesis, Equalize Overview .......................... 20 Synthesis, Match Overview .............................. 25 Synthesis, Microwave Filter Overview ........... 23 Synthesis, Passive Filter Overview .................. 22 Synthesis, S/Filter Overview............................ 28 Synthesis, TLine Overview............................... 30 Synthesized Filter Overview............................. 28

T TLINE................................................................. 30 Tuning ................................................................. 11