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Klemen Deželak, Mirza Sarajlić, Tatjana Konjić, Nermin Sarajlić, Gorazd Štumberger, Jože Pihler

Generation of Electrical Energy from Solar Energy: Lessons of Experience

from Slovenia Case

13. Symposium Energieinnovation, 12.-14.2.2014, Graz/Austria

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Introduction- There is need to increase the share of renewable energyin the total energy balance of the community.

- Renewable energy sources such as water energy, solarenergy, wind energy, biomass, continue to set recordlevels for investment.

- This paper gives an overview of legislation developmentand constructed solar power plants in Slovenia.

- Described situation has some defectiveness, whileconclusions could be applied in some countries where anincreased economy level is about to start (for exampleBosnia and Herzegovina).

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Contents of presentation

1. Development of legislation for RES support

2. Directive 2009/28/EC

3. Slovenian case

4. Current situation in Bosnia and Herzegovina

5. Conclusions

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Development of legislation

- In the recent years we have witnessed an extensivedevelopment of EU legislation for RES support.

- The EU possesses neither strategic reserves of oil andnatural gas nor has a control over such reserves in theworld.

- EU wants to have the leading role in the field ofreduction of human impact on climate changes, i.e. theGHG emission reduction.

- 1997: 12 % of its overall energy consumption and 22.1 %of electricity consumption by RES till year 2010.

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Development of legislation

- The EU expansion in 2004: 21 % of electricity shouldbe produced from RES.

- On 23 April 2009 the new RES Directive 2009/28/ECon the promotion of the use of energy from renewablesources, was adopted.

- It requires the meeting of 20 % of the overall EU grossfinal energy consumption by RES till 2020 and for thispurpose defines binding national targets that were seton the basis of different basic values for each of the EUMember States.

- On this basis the Member States adopted in 2010 theirRES-AP.

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Development of legislation

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Slovenian case- In order to provide for better energy efficiency andenvironmental sustainability, the Government of RS in2004 adopted the Resolution on the National EnergyProgramme (ReNEP).

- The National Energy Programme 2004-2010 (NEP-I)sets up the long-term development targets andorientations of energy systems and energy supply in theRS.

- The Renewable AP (2010) is an implementing act layingdown the sectorial targets and measures to achieve thenational target regarding the share of RES in thenational gross final energy consumption in 2020.

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Slovenian case- The ministry responsible for energy stared thepreparation of a new National Energy Programme (NEP-II) already in 2009 with the aim to replace the existing one(ReNEP 2004, NEP-I) in 2010 and to define the energypolicy objectives until 2030…???

- The new Energy Act (EA-1) was adopted by the NationalAssembly of the Republic of Slovenia (2014).

- The Energy Concept of Slovenia (ECS) is the basicdevelopment document in the field of energy that on thebasis of EA-1. The principal goals of ECS are reduction ofenergy related GHG emissions for at least 40 % until2035 with regard to the level of 1990 and their furtherreduction for at least 80 % until 2055 with regard to thelevel of 1990.

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Slovenian caseThe share of RES in the gross final energy consumption:

2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 201615

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

Year

RE

S [%

]

From report

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Slovenian case - SPP

Solar power plants & Slovenian renewable AP:

2005 2010 2015 20200

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

Year

P [M

W]

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Slovenian case

- The most common support schemes forincreasing the share of RES are various tariffsystems that proved to be very effective not onlyin Europe but also in other parts of the world.

- Such tariff systems are in most cases either afeed-in tariff system with fixed purchasing pricefor electricity produced or a system thatprovides an additional premium to the marketprice that the producers achieve in the electricitymarket.

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Slovenian case - SPPPrice of electricity including all associated duties for a typical household customer, EEX conditions and the TR:

2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 20180

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

Year

[EU

R/M

Wh]

TRPrice en.EEX

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Slovenian case - SPP

Solar power plants (2007 – 2014):

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 20140

50

100

150

200

250

300

Year

P [M

W]

CumulativeMW/year

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Slovenian case - SPP- Total (installed) power (2002 – 2014) - SPP (6 – 7 %), SPPW (1 – 2 %)

2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 20142.6

2.8

3

3.2

3.4

3.6

3.8

4

4.2

Leto (/)

P (G

W)

W2014:12.72 TWh

Wsmall,2014:1.184 TWh

Psmall,2014:0.565 GW

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Slovenian case - SPP

Solar power plants (2007 – 2014) & AP:

2005 2010 2015 20200

50

100

150

200

250

300

Year

P [M

W]

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Slovenian case - SPPSlovenia's electricity feed-in support scheme related to the SPP:

2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 20140

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

Year

Feed

-in s

chem

e [M

EUR

]

SPPSPP/year

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Situation in Bosnia and Herzegovina

TPP: 2930 (2621 ) MWHPP: 2156 MW

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Situation in Bosnia and Herzegovina

Power of SPP in Bosnia and Herzegovina:

2012 2012.5 2013 2013.5 2014 2014.5 20150

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Year

P [M

W]

+ 36.32 MWCumulativeMW/year

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Situation in Bosnia and Herzegovina

Subsidies in recent years:- The guaranteed price is obtained by multiplying of the reference price with the adequate tariff coefficient for a certain kind of RES production devices.

- According to the Decree on the use of RES and CHP, the guaranteed prices and tariff coefficients are determined individually for each energy source and capacity of the generator.

- The guaranteed prices in the period from 2014 to March 2016 are calculated on the basis of the reference price 54.0384 EUR/MWh.

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Conclusions- Presented negative consequences basically related to thehigh TR, especially at the beginning stage, are considered.

- With elimination of aforementioned negative reasons thetime of cash flow crossing the value 0 MEUR could besignificantly reduced.

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20-200

-150

-100

-50

0

50

100

Year

Cash

flow

[MEU

R]

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 20141000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

4500

Year

[EUR/kW

]

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Conclusions- Electricity bill (21.33 EUR – 5.43 EUR)!

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Thank you for your attention !