Gene Expression Changes in Human Cells by Simone Neuss

8/2/2019 Gene Expression Changes in Human Cells by Simone Neuss

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Nglg Gvrxgsskal Ofjlngs kl Fwejl Ogccsji}gx Gvraswxg }a Iaxejcmgf{mg kl yk}xa jlm kl ykya

_kealg Lgwss# Rf,M,HJ_I _G# Cwm~knsfjigl

Iaxejcmgf{mg _okglog Oaligxglog# Ejmxkm 82:8



_kealg Lgwss :;,2=,82:8

_gk}g 8

8

Aw}cklg

• Kl}xamwo}kal

:, Nglg gvrxgsskal jljc{sks

8, Rxklokrcg ai ekoxajxxj{ nglg gvrxgsskal jljc{sks

• Xgswc}s

:, Giigo}s ai Iaxejcmgf{mg &IJ+ gvraswxg al nglg gvrxgsskal

kl ljsjc grk}fgckjc ogccs wlmgx gvrgxkegl}jc oalmk}kals

K, Nglg gvrxgsskal ofjlngs kl owc}wxgm fwejl ljsjc grk}fgckjc ogccs &FLGO+,

KK, Xgcj}kalsfkr hg}~ggl nglg gvrxgsskal ofjlngs jlm ngla}avkok}{,

KKK, Oaerjxksal ~k}f mj}j ah}jklgm kl jl kl ykya xj} klfjcj}kal s}wm{,

KY, _weejx{ K

8, Giigo}s ai Iaxejcmgf{mg &IJ+ klfjcj}kal al nglg gvrxgsskal

kl jl klfjcj}kal s}wm{ ~k}f fwejl yacwl}ggxs

K, Rxklokrcg ai klfjcj}kal s}wm{

KK, Nglg gvrxgsskal ofjlngs kl ljsjc hkarskgs

KKK, Nglg gvrxgsskal ofjlngs kl rgxkrfgxjc hcaam

KY, _weejx{ KK




_gk}g ?

?

Nglg gvrxgsskal jljc{sks

• ]xjmk}kaljc jrrxajof4 gvjeklkln jlm oaccgo}kln mj}j al j sklncg nglg j} j }keg,

• ]amj{4 fjlmckln ai mj}j kl j ncahjc ijsfkal Nglaekos,

• Nglaekos ks }fg s}wm{ ai jcc }fg nglgs ai j ogcc# ax }ksswg# j} }fg MLJ &ngla}{rg+# eXLJ&}xjlsoxkr}aeg+# ax rxa}gkl &rxa}gaeg+ cgygc,

• ]avkoanglaekos4

• mgjcs ~k}f }fg oaccgo}kal# kl}gxrxg}j}kal jlm s}axjng ai kliaxej}kal jhaw} nglgjo}kyk}{ ~k}fkl rjx}kowcjx ogccs ax }ksswgs ai jl axnjlkse kl xgsralsg }a }avkoswhs}jlogs,

• oaehklgs }avkoacan{ ~k}f nglaekos4

gcwokmj}kal ai eacgowcjx egofjlkses jlm mgxkyj}kal ai eacgowcjx gvrxgsskalrj}}gxls &k,g, eacgowcjx hkaejx`gxs+ }fj} rxgmko} }avkok}{ ax }fg nglg}koswsogr}khkck}{ }a k},




_gk}g =

=

Nglaekos4 Oal}xkhw}kal }a }fg }avkoacankojc rxaikcg ai IJ

Rasskhcg oal}xkhw}kal4

•Jc}gxj}kals kl nglg gvrxgsskal kl ogccs ! }ksswgs gvrasgm }a IJ,

•_gjxof iax rj}f~j{s jiigo}gm h{ IJ gvraswxg,

•_gjxof iax nglg ejx`gxs ai IJ gvraswxg,

•Kmgl}kikoj}kal ai }fxgsfacms iax IJ%klmwogm }avkok}{,

•Jrrckoj}kal iax zwjl}k}j}kyg xks` gs}kej}kal,




_gk}g 7

7

Najc

• Ks }fg gvrxgsskal ai nglgs kl ogccs jlm }ksswg j} }fg sk}g ai ikxs} oal}jo} jc}gxgm ji}gx IJ

klfjcj}kal1

• Rgxiaxejlog ai nglg gvrxgsskal jljc{sks ~k}f MLJ ekoxajxxj{s,

• MLJ ekoxajxxj{s jxg wsgm }a egjswxg ofjlngs kl nglg gvrxgsskal cgygcs ai cjxng

lwehgxs ai nglgs skewc}jlgawsc{,

• Rjx}kowcjx kl}gxgs} kl4• nglgs klyacygm kl }fg mg}avkikoj}kal ai IJ &g,n, IMF# JCMF:J:# JCMF8+

• nglgs klyacygm kl }fg xgrjkx ai IJ%klmwogm MLJ mjejng &g,n, LGX# FX#IJLO!HXOJ xgrjkx rj}f~j{+

• _k}g ai ikxs} oal}jo} mwxkln IJ klfjcj}kal ks }fg ljsjc grk}fgckwe,• gvrgxkegl}s kl yk}xa &FLGO+ jlm

• gvrgxkegl}s ji}gx klfjcj}kyg gvraswxg }a IJ kl ykya ,




_gk}g 9

9

Rxklokrcg ai ekoxajxxj{ nglg gvrxgsskal jljc{sks

• Ksacj}kal ai XLJ,

• _{l}fgsks ai oMLJ,

• F{hxkmksj}kal ai oXLJ}a ‖‖iwcc nglaeg fwejl ekoxajxxj{s–&W:??Rcws 8,2# Jii{eg}xkv+,

• Laxejcksj}kal ai xj~ mj}j jlmojcowcj}kal ai ‖‖can8 kl}glsk}{ gvrxgsskal

sweejx{ yjcwgs– &XEJ+,

• Kmgl}kikoj}kal ai mkiigxgl}kjc{gvrxgssgm nglgs &r ≭ 2,27 &} %}gs}+#8%iacm ofjlng+,

• Nglg Al}acan{ &NA+ Eklgx Jljc{sks4Kmgl}kikoj}kal ai ejklc{ jiigo}gm hkacankojcrxaogssgs,




_gk}g >

>

Giigo} ai IJ al nglg gvrxgsskal kl FLGOkl yk}xa

▴ ]keg% jlm oalogl}xj}kal%mgrglmgl} ofjlngs kl nglg gvrxgsskal,

]xgj}egl}lwehgx ai

jc}gxgm nglgs$

wr%xgnwcj}gm

nglgs

ma~l%xgnwcj}gm

nglgs

72·E IJ 8f : 2 ::22·E IJ 8f = 2 =

72·E IJ =f 9 : 7

:22·E IJ =f :7? :> :?9

822·E IJ =f 66> :>6 >2;

:22·E IJ 8=f : 2 :822·E IJ 8=f = = 2

= v 82·E IJ$$ 2 2 2

= v 72·E IJ$$ :=? 7> 69

$ j} cgjs} ≧ 8%iacm ofjlng

$$ ~k}f 8= f kl}gxyjcs

Lgwss _, g} jc,# ]avkoac Cg}}, 82:2 Ao} 70:;6&8+486;%;7




_gk}g 6

6

]fg xgcj}kalsfkr hg}~ggl ofjlngs kl nglg gvrxgsskal

jlm ngla}avko giigo}s

Ngla}avkok}{ ai IJ kl yk}xa % Oaeg} Jssj{

Mg}go}kal ai IJ%klmwogm MRV• ]xgj}egl} ai FLGO ~k}f IJ,

• Kxxjmkj}kal ai }xgj}gm owc}wxgs jlm oal}xacs ~k}f 8N{,

Xgmwo}kal ai ο%xj{%klmwogm MLJ eknxj}kalklmkoj}gs klmwo}kal ai MRV,

Xgrjkx ai IJ%klmwogm MRV

• Ras}klowhj}kal ai IJ%}xgj}gm owc}wxgs &?>²O+,Kxxjmkj}kal ~k}f 8N{,

Jhack}kal ai IJ%klmwogm xgmwo}kal ai MLJ eknxj}kalklmkoj}gs xgeayjc ai MRV,

Rjxjeg}gx4 ]jkc eaegl}&~gknf}gm rxamwo} ai }jkc kl}glsk}{ jlm }jkc cgln}f+

kxxjmkj}gm ~k}f 8N{

oal}xac




_gk}g ;

;

Klmwo}kal jlm xgrjkx ai MRV kl fwejl ljsjc grk}fgckjc ogccs &FLGO+

kl yk}xa ji}gx IJ%}xgj}egl} iax :f

▴ Oalogl}xj}kal%mgrglmgl} klmwo}kal ai MRV,▴ Xgrjkx mwxkln 6f,

2

:

8

?

=

7

9

>

6

O a 8 N {

: 2 2 ·

E + 8 N

{

8 2 2 ·

E + 8 N

{ O a 8 N {

: 2 2 · E +

8 N {

8 2 2 ·

E + 8 N

{ O a 8 N {

: 2 2 · E +

8 N {

8 2 2 ·

E + 8 N

{

Iaxejcmgf{mg

] j k c e a e g l }

$$

$$

:f }xgj}egl} =f ras}%klowhj}kal 6f ras}%klowhj}kal





_gk}g :2

:2

Klmwo}kal jlm xgrjkx ai MRV kl FLGO kl yk}xa ji}gx oal}klwaws

}xgj}egl} ~k}f IJ

▴ Klmwo}kal ai MRV aygx j calngx rgxkam ai }keg &IJ xgejkls jo}kyg kl egmkwe+,▴ Oal}klwaws xgrjkx &gv}gl} mgrglms al s}xgln}f ai klmwo}kal+,

2

:

8

?

=

7

9

>

O a 8 N {

: 2 2 · E +

8 N {

8 2 2 · E +

8 N { O a 8 N

{

: 2 2 ·

E + 8 N

{

8 2 2 · E +

8 N { O a 8 N

{

: 2 2 · E +

8 N {

8 2 2 ·

E + 8 N

{

Iaxejcmgf{mg

] j k c e a e g l }

$$

$$

$$

$$

:f }xgj}egl} =f }xgj}egl} 8=f }xgj}egl}

$





_gk}g ::

2

:

8

?

=

7

9

>

6

Oa 8N{ 82·E8N{ 72·E8N{

Iaxejcmgf{mg

] j k c e a e g l }

::

Klmwo}kal jlm xgrjkx ai MRV kl FLGO kl yk}xa ji}gx }xgj}egl}

~k}f ca~ IJ oalogl}xj}kals iax = mj{s$

$ = }xgj}egl}s ~k}f }keg kl}gxyjcs ai 8=f# egjswxgegl} ai MRV :f ji}gx }fg cjs} }xgj}egl},

▴ La oxassckl`kln giigo} ji}gx xgrgj}gm }xgj}egl} ~k}f ca~ IJ oalogl}xj}kals,▴ La joowewcj}kal ai MRV,





_gk}g :8

:8

^fkof nglgs jxg wr%xgnwcj}gm kl FLGO ji}gx gvraswxg }a IJ1

Fgj} ejr

NAEklgx Jljc{sks &822 ·E IJ# = f+

▴ Jiigo}gm hkacankojc rj}f~j{s jxg la} xgcj}gm}a }fg srgokiko jo}kal ai IJ,

NA oj}gnax{Nglgs kl

oj}gnax{$

lwehgx ai wr%xgnwcj}gm

nglgs$$

wr%xgnwcj}gm

nglgs P'U

fgj} sfao` rxa}gkl hklmkln ?> 8 7,=:

ofxaej}kl :8; 6 9,82

`kljsg klfkhk}ax jo}kyk}{ ?8 8 9,87

ogcc o{ocg jxxgs} 98 = 9,=7

glmaxkhalwocgjsg jo}kyk}{ 86 8 >,:=

rxa}gkl ̀kljsg klfkhk}ax jo}kyk}{ 86 8 >,:=

ofxaej}kl jssgehc{ ax

mksjssgehc{;7 > >,?>

xgnwcj}kal ai o{ockl mgrglmgl}

rxa}gkl ̀ kljsg jo}kyk}{

?7 ? 6,7>

lwocgasaeg jssgehc{ 77 7 ;,2;

glmasaeg }xjlsrax} 88 8 ;,2;

egmkj}ax oaercgv 82 8 :2,22

lwocgasaeg =7 7 ::,::

xgnwcj}kal ai jlnkanglgsks 88 ? :?,9=

xgsralsg }a wliacmgm rxa}gkl =7 > :7,79

xgsralsg }a rxa}gkl s}kewcws =7 > :7,79$ oj}gnaxkgs ~k}f < ; nglgs

$$ ≧ 8%iacm ofjlngm oaerjxgm }a wl}xgj}gm oal}xac





_gk}g :?

:?

Jlmgxsgl g} jc,# 82264Kl ykya

klfjcj}kal s}wm{ ~k}f xj}s

• Xgrgj}gm gvraswxg wr }a 9 rre IJ iax ? ~gg`s,

• ]keg% jlm oalogl}xj}kal%mgrglmgl} ofjlngs kl nglg gvrxgsskal,

• _klncg gvraswxg ai xj}s ~k}f :7 rre IJ iax 9f,

• NAEklgx Jljc{sks4 eas} sglsk}kyg ofjlngs iax nglgs jssaokj}gm ~k}f }fg

NA oj}gnaxkgs ‖‖gv}xjogccwcjx oaeralgl}– jlm ‖‖rcjsej egehxjlg–,

Jlmgxsgl E,G, g} jc,# ]avkoac _ok, 8226 Ao}0:27&8+4?96%6?




_gk}g :=

:=

Oaerjxksal ai NA oj}gnaxkgs kl yk}xa &FLGO+ ‟ kl ykya &xj}s+

▴ Hkacankojc rj}f~j{s xgicgo} nglgxjc xgjo}kal }a ogccwcjx s}xgss,

Lx NA Oj}gnax{r%Yjcwg aygx

&FLGO$$+ ≭

Rgxogl} ai wrxgnwcj}gm nglgs

&FLGO+ kl oj}gnax{ &'+

r%Yjcwg aygx

&xj}s$$$+ ≭

Rgxogl} ai wrxgnwcj}gm nglgs

&xj}s+ kl oj}gnax{ &'+

: NA422279?= Lwocgws 2,222: :,>2 2,2289 :,62

8 NA42229?72 ]xjlsoxkr}kal 2,222: 8,22 2,2?>6 :,>2

8,: NA42229?7: ]xjlsoxkr}kal# MLJ%mgrglmgl} 2,222: :,;2 2,2?6? :,62

? NA422:9897 Mgj}f 2,222: ?,82 2,222: ?,?2

?,: NA422268:; Ogcc mgj}f 2,222: ?,?2 2,222: ?,?2

?,:,: NA422:872: Rxanxjeegm ogcc mgj}f 2,222: ?,=2 2,2228 ?,:2

?,:,:,: NA42229;:7 Jrar}asks 2,222: ?,=2 2,2228 ?,82

= NA42229;72 Xgsralsg }a s}xgss 2,222: 8,?2 2,2222 ?,72

=,: NA4227:>6; Xgsralsg }a rxa}gkl s}kewcws 2,222: :7,92 2,2886 >,>2=,:,: NA42229;69 Xgsralsg }a wliacmgm rxa}gkl 2,222: :7,92 2,2886 >,>2

7 NA422?:?8? Xgnwcj}kal ai eg}jhackse 2,222: :,62 2,22?: 8,22

7,: NA422?:?8? Xgnwcj}kal ai ogccwcjx eg}jhackse 2,222: :,62 2,22=8 8,22

7,:,: NA422:;8:;

Xgnwcj}kal ai lwocgahjsg#

lwocgaskmg# lwocga}kmg jlm lwocgko

jokm eg}jhackse

2,222: :,;2 2,28?; :,62

$ nglgs kl oj}gnaxkgs ~k}f j} cgjs} ≧ 8%iacm wrxgnwcj}kal

$$ NA oj}gnaxkgs ~k}f }fg ca~gs} r%yjcwg iax jl glxkofegl} ai wrxgnwcj}gm nglgs

$$$ mg}gxeklgm ixae xj~ mj}j rwhcksfgm h{ Jlmgxsgl g} jc, &8226+

]ar 7 ai NA Oj}gnaxkg Nxawrs iax ]xjlsoxkr}s Wrxgnwcj}gm h{ 822·E Iaxejcmgf{mg &IJ+ ]xgj}egl} iax = f kl FLGO sax}gm h{ r%Yjcwg aygx kl Oaerjxksal

~k}f Xj}s Gvrasgm }a :7rre IJ iax 9 f h{ Klfjcj}kal$




_gk}g :7

:7

Jlmgxsgl g} jc,# 82:24 Kl ykya klfjcj}kal s}wm{ ~k}f xj}s

• 2,># 8# 9# :2 ax :7 rre IJ iax :# = jlm :? ~gg`s &9f rgx m# 7 m rgx ~gg`+

• ]keg jlm oalogl}xj}kal mgrglmgl} jc}gxj}kals kl nglg gvrxgsskal,

• 8 rre4 Wrxgnwcj}kal ai nglgs jssaokj}gm ~k}f ogccwcjx s}xgss# }fkac }xjlsrax}! xgmwo}kal# klicjeej}kal jlm ogcc rxackigxj}kal,

• ≧ 9 rre4

• Glxkofegl} ai rj}f~j{s klyacygm kl ogcc o{ocg# MLJ xgrjkx# jrar}asks &MLJ%xgrckoj}kal s}xgss# glfjlogm rxackigxj}kal# eg}jrcjskj# jlm s}ge ogcc%lkofgjo}kyj}kal+,

• Fks}arj}facankojc ofjlngs jlm glfjlogm ogcc rxackigxj}kal,

Jlmgxsgl E,G, g} jc,# ]avkoac _ok, 82:2 Mgo0::6&8+4>:9%?:




_gk}g :9

:9

_glsk}kyg xgsralsg nglgs

• :7 nglgs wrxgnwcj}gm &:,7%iacm+ j} 8 rre gvraswxg iax 7 mj{s &Jlmgxsgl g} jc,# 8226+

• > ai }fgsg wrxgnwcj}gm j} 9 rre ji}gx gvraswxg iax :# = ax :? ~gg`s

&Jlmgxsgl g} jc,# 82:2+–_glsk}kyg Xgsralsg Nglgs–4

• Xgrxgsgl}kln gv}xjogccwcjx xgsralsg }a kxxk}jlo{# xgmwo}kal ai rcjsej egehxjlgjl}kavkmjl} }fkacs,

• Xgicgo} xgsralsgs }a ejkl}jkl xgmwogm }fkacs jlm gvrax} N_F }a gv}xjogccwcjx srjogs,

• Fa~gygx# }fg hkacankojc xgcgyjlog ai }fg ca~ masg nglg xgsralsg ks wlocgjx,

Jlmgxsgl E,G, g} jc,# ]avkoac _ok, 82:2 Mgo0::6&8+4>:9%?:Jlmgxsgl E,G, g} jc,# ]avkoac _ok, 8226 Ao}0:27&8+4?96%6?




_gk}g :>

:>

_weejx{ K

• ]fg gvrxgsskal ai IMF jlm a}fgx nglgs ejklc{ klyacygm kl }fg mg}avkikoj}kal ai IJ

ks la} glfjlogm kl FLGO gvrasgm }a IJ,

• Lalg ai }fg ejkl MLJ xgrjkx rj}f~j{s iax }fg xgeayjc ai MRV sgges }a hgklmwogm kl FLGO gvrasgm }a IJ wlmgx oalmk}kals klmkoj}kln xgrjkx jo}kyk}{ kl }fg

oaeg} jssj{,

• Hkacankojc rj}f~j{s sfa~ xj}fgx wlsrgokiko ogccwcjx xgjo}kals# klmwogm h{ nglgxjc

s}xgss,

• Ofjlngs kl nglg gvrxgsskal jxg jooaerjlkgm h{ ngla}avko giigo}s ji}gx jow}g

}xgj}egl},

• Xgrgj}gm }xgj}egl}s ai FLGO ~k}f ca~ IJ oalogl}xj}kals cgjm }a nglg gvrxgsskal

ofjlngs kl }fg jhsglog ai ngla}avko giigo}s,

• Oaerjxksal hg}~ggl kl yk}xa mj}j &FLGO+ jlm kl ykya mj}j ai j xj} klfjcj}kal s}wm{xgygjcs alc{ j ig~ oaeealc{ wr%xgnwcj}gm nglgs,

Iwlmjegl}jc rxaogssgs jxg oalsks}gl} hw} alc{ xgicgo} nglgxjc xgjo}kals ai ogccs

}a j }avko j}}jo`,




_gk}g :6

:6

Klfjcj}kal s}wm{ ~k}f fwejl yacwl}ggxs

• Rgxiaxegm j} }fg “Kls}k}w} ióx Jxhgk}s% wlm _atkjcegmktkl–

Wlkygxsk}{ ai Fgkmgchgxn &Rxai, ]xkghkn+,

• Klfjcj}kal s}wm{ }a klygs}knj}g ofgeasglsaxko jlm ngla}avko giigo}s ai IJ~k}f =: ejcg swhdgo}s,

• Mgiklgm oxk}gxkj iax klocwskal jlm gvocwskal ai yacwl}ggxs,

• Xjlmaeksgm gvraswxg rxa}aoac iax 7 mj{s &Ealmj{ }a Ixkmj{+#

= fawxs rgx mj{,

• Ikyg iaxejcmgf{mg oalogl}xj}kals &20 2,?0 2,=0 2,70 2,> rre+,

• Rgj`s4 =v:7 eklw}gs 2,9 wlm 2,6 rre IJ

mwxkln gvraswxg ~k}f 2,? wlm 2,= rre IJ,

• Hko{ocg gvgxoksgs &= v :7 ekl0 62 ^+ mwxkln gvraswxg,




_gk}g :;

:;

Gvraswxg rxa}aoac

• 8: swhdgo}s ~k}f }fg fknfgs} gvraswxg &2,> rre IJ+ al ]wgsmj{# ]fwxsmj{ axIxkmj{,

• Ljsjc hkarskgs jlm hcaam }a klygs}knj}g nglg gvrxgsskal ofjlngs,

• _jerckln4 Ealmj{ hgiaxg gvraswxg ‟ Ixkmj{ ji}gx cjs} gvraswxg,

Mj{ ai 2,> rre

GvraswxgNxawr Lwehgx Ealmj{ ]wgsmj{ ^gmlgsmj{ ]fwxsmj{ Ixkmj{

? 8 O G M H J

:8 = O G M H J

6 ? O M J G H

:: = J M H G O

: = J H O M G

; = M J H O G

$ 2 rre gvraswxg al Ixkmj{

O 5 2,= rre rcws = rgj`s ai 2,6 rre iax jhaw} :7 ekl0M 5 2,7 rre0 G 5 2,> rre

]wgsmj{$

]fwxsmj{

Ixkmj{

J 5 2 rre0 H 5 2,? rre rcws = rgj`s ai 2,9 rre iax jhaw} :7 ekl0




_gk}g 82

82

Nglg gvrxgsskal ofjlngs kl ljsjc hkarskgs ai IJ gvrasgm swhdgo}s

Oaerjxksal ai nxawrs hgiaxg gvraswxg4

]wgsmj{%]fwxsmj{ 4 ; nglgs ↚# 8= nglgs ↟

]fwxsmj{%Ixkmj{ 4 8 nglgs ↚# = nglgs ↟

]wgsmj{%Ixkmj{ 4 = nglgs ↚# 92 nglgs ↟

▴ Ejxnkljc giigo}s# la} xgcj}gm }a IJ gvraswxg,

fknfgs}

gvraswxg

lwehgx ai jc}gxgm

nglgs

wr%xgnwcj}gm

nglgs

ma~l%xgnwcj}gm

nglgs

]wgsmj{ :> = :?

]fwxsmj{ 8 : :

Ixkmj{ 6 9 8

Tgccgx D, g} jc,# Ew}jnglgsks, 82:: Dwc089&=+4777%9:




_gk}g 8:

8:

Nglg gvrxgsskal ofjlngs kl hcaam ai IJ gvrasgm swhdgo}s

Oaerjxksal ai nawrs hgiaxg gvraswxg4

]wgsmj{%]fwxsmj{ 4 :9 nglgs ↚# 8 nglgs↟

]fwxsmj{%Ixkmj{ 4 8 nglgs ↚# > nglgs ↟

]wgsmj{%Ixkmj{ 4 8 nglgs ↚

▴ Ejxnkljc giigo}s# la} xgcj}gm }a IJ gvraswxg,

fknfgs}

gvraswxg

lwehgx ai jc}gxgm

nglgs

wr%xgnwcj}gm

nglgs

ma~l%xgnwcj}gm

nglgs]wgsmj{ 8 : :

]fwxsmj{ ; = 7

Ixkmj{ 2 2 2

Tgccgx D, g} jc,# Ew}jnglgsks, 82:: Dwc089&=+4777%9:




_gk}g 88

88

Nglg gvrxgsskal ofjlngs kl rgxkrfgxjc hcaam

gvrasgm }a IJ kl yk}xa

• Hcaam ai 7 mkiigxgl} swhdgo}s &ejcg# lalsea`gxs+,

• IJ }xgj}egl} iax = fawxs kl yk}xa,

• Nglg gvrxgsskal jljc{sks,

▴ Mkxgo} }xgj}egl} ~k}f fknf IJ oalogl}xj}kals cgjms }a giigo}s kl fwejl hcaam,▴ Giigo}s kl hcaam jxg cgss rxalawlogm }fjl kl FLGO,

}xgj}egl} ~k}f

iaxejcmgf{mg

lwehgx ai jc}gxgm

nglgs

wr%xgnwcj}gm

nglgs

ma~l%xgnwcj}gm

nglgs

72·E 2 2 2

:22·E 2 2 2

822·E ?=8 :6 ?8=




_gk}g 8?

8?

_weejx{ KK

• La hkacankojcc{ xgcgyjl} ofjlngs kl nglg gvrxgsskal

• kl ljsjc hkarskgs ai fwejl yacwl}ggxs ji}gx gvraswxg }a IJ wr }a 2,> rre

• kl rgxkrfgxjc hcaam ai fwejl yacwl}ggxs ji}gx gvraswxg }a IJ wr }a 2,> rre,

• ]fg hkacankojc xgcgyjlog ai ca~ masg nglg xgsralsgs &xj} lasg+ ks wlocgjx,

• ]fg hkacankojc egofjlkse cgjmkln }a ofjlngs kl nglg gvrxgsskal ji}gx IJ gvraswxg ks

wlocgjx,

• ]fg xgcj}kalsfkr hg}~ggl ofjlngs kl nglg gvrxgsskal jlm }fg rxaogss aiojxoklanglgsks ks wlocgjx,

Iwx}fgx klygs}knj}kals jxg lggmgm }a gcwokmj}g }fg wsgiwclgss ai nglg gvrxgsskal

ofjlngs iax }fg mg}gxeklj}kal ai }fxgsfacms jlm iax xks` jssgssegl},




_gk}g 8=

8=

_rgokjc }fjl`s }a

Oaargxj}kal rjx}lgxs4

• Ngxfjxm ]xkghkn# Dùxn Eóccgx

Kls}k}w} ióx Jxhgk}s%wlm _atkjcegmktkl

Wlkygxsk}í} Fgkmgchgxn

• Ofxks}arf @cklnejll

Fjcs%Ljsgl%Afxgl`cklk`

Wlkygxsk}í} Fgkmgchgxn

• @jxcfgklt Factejll#

Ekoxajxxj{%Oaxg Ijokck}{

Wlkygxsk}í}s`cklk`we Wce

• Hjxhjxj Eùrrs#

Kls}k}w} ióx Rfjxej`acankg

wlm ]avk`acankg

Wlkygxsk}í} Wce

• Fgklt%Rg}gx Ngch`g

IaxejOjxg

N_N Wce4• Nól}gx _rgk}• Djsekl Tgccgx

• _}gijlkg @óflgx• Xgnklj Cklsgleg{gx• Rg}xj _ofó}t

Ikljlokjc swrrax}4 OGIKO ! IaxejOjxg

]fjl` {aw iax {awx j}}gl}kal*

Documents

Gene Expression Changes in Human Cells by Simone Neuss