GE Electronic Refrigerator DC Diagnostics Manual

8/10/2019 GE Electronic Refrigerator DC Diagnostics Manual

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Electronic Refrigerator Diagnostics



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Main Electronic Board

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Electronic Diagnostic Test Mode

All the GE electronic refrigerators have a Diagnostic Mode that is incorporated in the software in each

main electronic board. This Diagnostic Mode will test certain components and operate others.

To activate this diagnostic test feature on an electronic refrigerator, you will need a touch padcontrol with at least 5 key pads; otherwise you will have to install the additional diagnostic tool.






Enter the appropriate display numbers as shown on the chart in the

next slide by pressing the freezer Colder or Warmer pad and the fresh

food Colder or Warmer pad. Then press any pad to activate thatspecific test. Not all tests are available on all models. If no pads are

pressed for 30 minutes, the diagnostic mode will time out.




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The main board outputs both AC and DC voltages to the refrigerator components. The one half of the

board is AC inputs and outputs; while the other half of the board is DC inputs and outputs.

Note: Wiring connectors are not shown for a better view of the board.

AC DC




All “J” connectors are labeled on the main board, check the schematic for each model; since there may be some

differences depending on the model.

J7

J8

J9

J11

J2

J3

J1

J4

J15

J5



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Component problems?



Main Electronic Board Testing – Line Voltage Input

For a dead refrigerator with interior light operation only, check the input voltage to the main board.

To test for 120vac for line voltage to the main board, place your meter leads as shown in the above example.

AC

M e t e r L e a d

J11

Brown Wire

M e t e r

L e a d

J7-9

Orange Wire



Main Electronic Board Testing DC Output

For DC voltage measurement, you will need to read between a DC common connection and the

connection for the specific DC component you are checking. DC commons can be found at either

J2 pin 3 or J4 pin 3.

DC

J2-3 (Common)

J4-3 (Common)



Main Electronic Board Testing DC Output

When the refrigerator is connected to line power the main board power supply outputs two critical voltages

for operation, 12vdc and 5vdc. To check the DC power supply of the main board; read the 12-13 volts DC

from the J4 pins 2 and 3; 5 volts DC can be read from J1 pin 5 to either board common.




•Each DC component is connected at various plugs on the DC side of the board and operate on different DC

voltages.

•J1 for Thermistors, J2 for fans, J3 for the 3-Way Valve, and J15 for the inverter models.

•Remember to measure a DC voltage, you must measure from one of the DC common points: J2 pin 3 or J4 pin 3.

DC

J3 – 3-Way Valve

J2 - Fans

J 1 - T h e r m i s t o r s

J 1 5

- I n v e

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Main Electronic Board J4 Connector

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Thermistor Operation

A Thermistor is a resistance device designed to react to temperatures. The Thermistors GE uses are called

NTC (Negative Temperature Coefficient) type; which means as the temperature decreases, the resistance

increases. The main board uses a 5vdc signal to read the Thermistors at the J1 connector.

The main board uses input data from the Thermistors; which are located in the fresh food section, freezersection, and mounted to the freezer evaporator. The main board monitors the Thermistors to determine the

temperature in these sections of the refrigerator and determines which components to operate and when to

operate them based on this data.

Since there is a separate Thermistor to read the temperature in the fresh food section, freezer section, and to

determine the temperature of the evaporator to terminate the defrost cycle; some components work along

with a specific Thermistor.

Typical Thermistor



Thermistor Operation

The components that will operate under normal conditions when the fresh food Thermistor sends data to the

main board for a temperature need are the fresh food fan (available on some models), the damper assembly,

evaporator fan, ,"# 7(*.)#--() +&/ ,"# 7(&/#&-#) '+&<

The components that will operate under normal conditions when the freezer Thermistor sends data to the

main board for a temperature need are the freezer fan, damper assembly, the compressor, and the

condenser fan.

This illustrates that not all components will operate at the same time. It is possible to find the fresh food fan

operating all by itself; the damper open, the fresh food fan, and evaporator fan operating without the

compressor; or the compressor and condenser fan operating by themselves. It depends on which section of

the refrigerator has a temperature need.



Thermistor Locations

There could be up to 5 Thermistors in a refrigerator, depending on the model.



Main Electronic Board J1 Connector - Thermistors

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Thermistor Locations

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Testing Thermistors

There are a few ways to test the Thermistors in a refrigerator:

You can test the resistance of a Thermistor by checking the temperature at the thermistor (see the chart

below), or you can isolate the Thermistor and use a specific temperature.

To test the resistance of any Thermistor using it’s normal temperature (for example the freezer air

temperature), first disconnect power to the refrigerator and remove the main board access cover on the back

of the refrigerator. Then unplug the J1 connector from the main board, we do this to isolate the Thermistor

circuit; so the only value that will be displayed on the meter is for that Thermistor. Use the schematic to find

the specific Thermistor you want to check. Place the meter leads into the back of the J1 connector (wire side)

at pins 3 and 5 to get the resistance value based on the freezer air temperature.

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Testing Thermistors

Another way to test a Thermistor is to remove the head of the Thermistor from it’s mounting and insert it

into a cup of crushed ice and a small amount of water. The water will cause the ice to be at it’s melting

point of 32oF. Place the meter leads on the J1 connector as previously described.

The Thermistor will read approximately 16K for 32oF.

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Testing Thermistors

You can also test the resistance of a Thermistor by checking the thermistor at room temperature.

At room temperature the thermistor should read around 5 to 6 kohms.

Remember, as temperature decreases the thermistor should increase in resistance.





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Check the FZ Evaporator thermistor:

• If it is biased towards a high temperature, it will terminate the defrost cycle

before the heater melts the frost. The thermistor is telling the board not to do

defrost, so change it and verify that you get a valid temperature.

• If it is biased towards a low temperature, the defrost will run for a long time,

and it will time out, and the system will run defrost too often.

• A new installation is set from the factory to defrost the refrigerator after 8

hours of compressor run time.

Defrost problems?

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Main Electronic Board J3 Connector - Damper

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Main Electronic Board J1 Connector – Personality Jumpers

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Main Electronic Board J2 Connector - Fans

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Electronic Refrigerator Fans

Fresh Food FanNot available on all models.

Freezer Fan

Condenser Fan



The main board will sense a temperature need through the

Thermistors, as discussed previously. Then the main board

will send a PWM signal to the specific fan motor that needs

to operate.

Most fan motors are wired to the main board through the J2

connector. Each fan has a power supply circuit and a

signal circuit.

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Fan Operation

Fans in the electronic refrigerators are DC fans and they operate on what we call Pulse Width Modulation

(PWM). Each fan is pulsed with voltage (frequency) to operate that specific fan motor and can operate at

different speeds depending on the PWM signal supplied to that fan motor.

The pulses can not be measured with a voltmeter because the pulse has an ON point and an OFF point

(see the chart below). A voltmeter will average the ON and OFF points to read what we call “effective

voltage” and that is what the chart below shows.

The slower the fan speed, the longer the OFF point will be, the faster the fan speed the longer the ON point

will be; and for the fastest speed the PWM is constant.



Most fans receive supply voltage through the J2 pin 8 supply circuit as long as the refrigerator is

connected to AC power.

The supply voltage can be measured by placing your meter leads across J2 pin 8 and J2 pin 3. You

should read 12vdc. The presence of this voltage does NOT indicate that a fan should be operating.


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Fan operation begins when the main board sends a “signal” voltage to the specific fan motor that needs

to operate. This “signal” voltage is read between the J2 pin 3 and J2 pin 5 for the condenser fan, J2 pin 3

and J2 pin 4 for the evaporator fan, and J2 pin 6 and J2 pin 8 for the fresh food fan.

The voltage will depend on what speed the fan motor is supposed to operate at and the voltages will vary

between 4vdc up to 12vdc.




Some fan motors send an RPM signal back to the main board, this signal lets the board monitor the fan

speed. If this signal is not detected by the main board, the main board will default the fan to a fixed

speed. This DC voltage feedback can be read from the RPM wire to the fan common connection.

Not all models use an RPM feed back, the schematic will show (RPM) for the feedback wire.




In some cases a fan motor can fail and take down the 12vdc supply on the main board. If the refrigerator is

not running and this voltage check fails; remove the J2 connector from the main board. If the refrigerator

compressor starts, suspect a bad fan motor. You can isolate the condenser fan by unplugging it directly and

then reinstall the J2 connector. If the refrigerator stops running, the evaporator fan is shorted, if not thecondenser fan is shorted.





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Fresh Food LED Lighting

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All LED Lighting Freezer and Fresh Food Sections

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Documents

GE Electronic Refrigerator DC Diagnostics Manual