GCSE PE REVISION YEAR 11. GCSE PE REVISION Benefits of exercise can be…………. 1.SOCIAL 2.MENTAL 3.PHYSICAL

GCSE PE REVISION

YEAR 11

GCSE PE REVISION

Benefits of exercise can be………….

1. SOCIAL

2. MENTAL

3. PHYSICAL

GCSE PE REVISION

EXPLAIN THESE TERMS…

1. PHYSICAL CHALLENGE

2. ASTHETIC APPRECIATION

GCSE PE REVISION

• INFLUENCES ON A PERSONS INVOLVEMENT IN PHYSICAL ACTIVITY ARE….

1. Cultural2. Health and Well-being3. Image4. People5. Socio-economic

6. Resources

GCSE PE REVISION

ROLES IN SPORT

GCSE PE REVISION

SPORTS PARTICIPATION PYRAMID

Elite/Excellence

Performance

Participation

Foundation

GCSE PE REVISION

SPORTING INITIATIVES

TOP LINK START-STAY-SUCCEED

SPORTS EQUIPMENT

GOVERNMENT INITIAIVES

• aim- Increase opportunities for 5-16 year olds

• Strengthens links between schools and local sports clubs

• Development of the school sports partnership

PESSCL ( PE School Sport and Club Links)

GCSE PE REVISION

state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity”

The ability to meet the demands of the environment

Planned, structured and repeated body movements done to improve one or more components of physical fitness

FITNESS

HEALTH

EXERCISE

GCSE PE REVISIONQUESTION TIME

If you are physically fit does this mean that you are healthy? Explain your answer

WON THE TOUR DE FRANCE 7 TIMES IN A

ROW!

GCSE PE REVISION HEALTH RELATED

Cardiovascular fitness

Muscular Strength

Muscular Endurance

Flexibility

Body Composition

SKILL RELATED

Power

Coordination

Reaction time

Agility

Balance

Speed

Principles of Training

SPECIFICITY

PROGRESSIVE OVERLOAD

REST AND RECOVERY

INDIVIDUAL NEEDS

sPO

R

I

FITT

Threshold

• * Increasing the amount of physical work you do in order to increase your fitness

• * Similar to progressive overload, however it gives a clear guideline for safe working levels (provided the individual is healthy)

• * Suggested that the average performer should train between 60 and 80 per cent of their maximum heart rate

• How do we work out maximum heart rate?0-10 minutes 10-20 minutes 20-30 minutes 30-40 minutes 40-50 minutes0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

120%

At what point in the training session was the athlete working at threshold ?

Threshold

GCSE PE REVISIONGOAL SETTING:

• SPECIFIC• MEASURABLE• ACHEIVABLE• REALISTIC• TIMEBOUND

GCSE PE REVISION

Methods of training

CIRCUIT

WEIGHT TRAININGCONTINUOUS

FARTLEK

INTERVAL

CROSS TRAINING

GCSE PE REVISION

AEROBIC VS ANAEROBIC

Components of a Healthy DietTASK: unscramble the words below:

1. CSAERTBOHDRAY

2.EIPRONT

3.TAF4. MIVITNSA

5. MINRAELS

6. TEWRA

7. BFIER

Components of a Healthy DietThe answers….

1. CARBOHYDRATES

2.PROTEIN

3.FAT4. VITAMINS

5. MINERALS

6. WATER

7. FIBRE

GCSE PE REVISION

MACRO NUTRIETS

• Needed in large amounts in your diet

• CHO, fat, protein

MICRO NUTRIENTS

• Needed in small amounts

• Vitamins and minerals

TIMING OF DIETARY INTAKE

VASCULAR SHUNT MECHANISM

• When you exercise blood is needed at the muscles

• The vascular shunt mechanism is where the blood vessels contract at places where the blood is not needed so readily to force the blood ( shunt it) to places it is needed like your muscles during exercise and your digestive system when you have just eaten

• You get a stitch as a result of not leaving enough time between eating and doing physical activity as not enough blood goes to the digestive system as it is needed more readily at the muscles

SOMATOTYPESECTOMORPH

• Tall• Thin• Narrow shoulders

and hips

• Example athletes: high jumpers, long distance runners

MESOMORPH

• Muscular physique• Wide shoulders,

narrow hips

• Example athletes: Sprinters, swimming, rowing

ENDOMORPH

Short Dumpy Narrow shoulders,

wide hips

Example athlete: sumo wrestlers

GCSE PE REVISIONWEIGHT TERMS:

OBESEUNDERWEIGHT

OVERFAT

OVERWEIGHTANOREXIC

OPTIMUM WEIGHT• The ideal weight for different types of athletes will depend on the demands of

their sport.

Why will the below 2 athletes need to differ in weight?

GCSE PE REVISION

DRUGS

TYPE OF DRUG EFFECT ON PERFORMANCE SIDE EFFECT

ANABOLIC STEROIDS Increase muscle mass Increases blood pressure

BETA BLOCKERS Lower heart rate-calming effect Lowers heart rate to dangerous levels

STIMULANTS Increases alertness Insomnia, high blood pressure

DIURETICS Increase rate of urination- lose weight faster. Masking agent

Dehydration

EPO (PEPTIDE HORMONES) Increase no of red blood cells- increases body capacity to carry

oxygen

Increased risk of blood clots

NARCOTIC ANALGESICS Reduce the feeling of pain Make injuries worse

RECREATIONAL DRUGS Variety of effects:Alcohol can calm and nicotine can increase alertness as can

caffeine

Increased risk of cancer. Alcohol and caffeine can

cause dehydration

SPRAIN

STRAIN

DISLOCATION

CONCUSSION

TENNIS ELBOW

GREEN STICK FRACTURE

STRESS FRACTURE

SIMPLE FRACTURE

GOLFERS ELBOW

GCSE PE REVISION

PREVENTING INJURIES

GCSE PE REVISIONCARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM

Key terms:KEY TERM EXPLANATION

Heart Rate Number of times the heart beats per minute

Stroke Volume The amount of blood ejected from the heart per beat

Cardiac Output The amount of blood ejected from the heart per minute

Blood pressure Force exerted by the circulatory blood against the blood vessel walls

Cholesterol Fatty substance carried in the blood by lipoproteins which comes in 2 forms

(HDL/LDL)


IMMEDIATE EFFECTS

LONG TERM EFFECTS

HEALTH EFFECTS

Increased working heart rate

Cardiac Hypertrophy Healthier arteries and veins

Increased blood pressure

Lower resting heart rate Reduced chance of CHD

Increased stroke volume Quicker recovery rate Increases HDL and lowers LDL

Increased cardiac output

Lower blood pressure at rest

Lower blood pressure= lower chance of angina,

strokes etcVascular shunting of

blood to working muscles


SMOKING• Increases Heart rate• Reduces the amount of HDL

In the blood• Increases the tendency for

the blood to clot

ALCOHOL

• Chronic alcohol can cause hypertension

• Damage the heart tissue

GCSE PE REVISIONRESPIRATORY SYSTEM

Key terms:KEY TERM EXPLANATION

ALVEOLI Air sacs where gaseous exchange take place

TIDAL VOLUME The amount of air expired and inhaled with each normal breath

VITAL CAPACITY The amount of air that can pass in and out of the lungs through maximum

inhalation and exhalationOXYGEN DEBT The extra oxygen consumed during

recovery compared to that consumed at rest


IMMEDIATE EFFECTS

LONG TERM EFFECTS

HEALTH EFFECTS

Increased Breathing rate Improved efficiency of the lungs

Increased depth of breathing

More alveoli become available for gaseous

exchangeOxygen debt created if working anerobically


SMOKING• Damages the alveoli

• Cause lung cancer due to build up of tar

GCSE PE REVISIONMuscular system

DELTOIDS

TRAPEZIUS

TRICEPS

LATISSIUMUS DORSI

HAMSTRINGS

GASTROCNEMIUS

PECTORALS

BICEPS

ABDOMINALS

QUADRICEPS GLUTEALS

GCSE PE REVISIONMuscular System

JOINT MOVEMENTS:MOVEMENT EXPLANATION

FLEXION Angle at the joint is getting smaller

EXTENSION Angle at the joint is getting bigger

ABDUCTION Movement away from the body

ADDUCTION Movement towards the body

ROTATION Movement around the joint

PLANTAR FLEXION Pointing toes downwards

DORSI FLEXION Toes pointing upwards

GCSE PE REVISIONMUSCULAR SYSTEM

FLEXION AT THE ELBOW

BICEPS:


EXTENSION AT THE ELBOW

TRICEPS:


ABDUCTION AT THE

SHOULDER

DELTOIDS:


ADDUCTION AT THE

SHOULDER

LATISSIMUS DORSI:


ADDUCTION AND ROTATION

AT THE SHOULDER

PECTORALS:


ROTATION OF THE SCAPULAR

TRAPEZIUS:


FLEXION OF THE TRUNK

ABDOMINALS:


EXTENSION AT THE HIP

GLUTEALS:


EXTENSION AT THE KNEE

QUADRICEPS:


FLEXION AT THE KNEE

HAMSTRINGS:


PLANTAR FEXION

GASTROCNEMIUS:


How muscles work:Muscles work in pairs. One muscle contracts (AGONIST) While the other

relaxes (antagonist) Together they are known as an ANTAGONISTIC PAIR

AGONIST ANTAGONIST

BICEP

QUADRICEP

PECTORALS

DELTOIDS


TYPES OF MUSCULAR CONTRACTIONS:

1. ISOMETRIC

2. ISOTONIC

IMMEDIATE AND LONG TERM EFFECTS ON THE MUSCLULAR SYSTEMIMMEDIATE/SHORT TERM

EFFECTS LONG TERM EFFECTS

LACTIC ACID MAY BUILD UP IF WORKING ANEROBICALLY

INCREASE IN MUSCLE SIZE- HYPERTROPHY

INCREASE IN FUEL DEMAND- GLYGOGEN

INCREASE IN MUSCULAR STRENGTH/ENDURANCE

FATIGUE INCREASE IN POWER

FUNCTIONS OF THE SKELETON

MovementProvides muscles an attachment to allow

movement.

Shape & SupportDetermines whether we

are short or tall.It keeps us upright

ProtectionSome bones protect

internal organs.

SKELETAL SYSTEM

TYPES OF JOINTS: BALL AND SOCKET

• ALLOW THE BONE TO MOVE ROUND A 360 DEGREE ANGLE

•ALLOWS FLEXION, EXTENNSION, ABDUCTION, ADDUCTION AND

ROTATION

• EXAMPLES= SHOULDER JOINT AND HIP JOINT

SKELETAL SYSTEM

TYPES OF JOINTS: HINGE

•ALLOW MOVEMENT BACKWARD AND FORWARD

• (FLEXION AND EXTENSION)

•EXAMPLES= KNEE JOINT, ELBOW JOINT, FINGERS

SKELETAL SYSTEM

LONG TERM EFFECTS OF EXERCISE ON THE SKELETAL SYSTEM

1.Increased bone density2.Stronger ligaments and tendons

MOST BENEFICIAL TYPE OF EXERCISE= WEIGHT BEARING

SKELETAL SYSTEM

OSTEOPOROSIS

SKELETAL SYSTEM

HELPING PREVENT OSTEOPOROSIS

EXAM TIPS• READ THE QUESTION AT LEAST TWICE AND UNDERLINE THE KEY PARTS OF

THE QUESTION

• DO NOT ABREVIATE- IE QUADS

• FOR THE 6 MARK QUESTIONS WRITE A PLAN AND THINK ABOUT STRUCTURE IE START WITH AN INTRO IF POSSIBLE. REMEMBER SPELLING AND GRAMMAR COUNT

• DO NOT LEAVE ANY BLANKS!

• CHECK HOW MANY MARKS THE QUESTION IS WORTH.THIS WILL HELP YOU TO KNOW HOW MANY DIFFERENT POINTS ARE NEEDED.

• LOOK FOR THE BUZZ WORD IE INFLUENCES/ROLES/BENEFITS,JOINT ACTION

Documents

GCSE PE REVISION YEAR 11. GCSE PE REVISION Benefits of exercise can be…………. 1.SOCIAL 2.MENTAL 3.PHYSICAL