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GCSE PE – Revision BookletApplied Anatomy and Physiology
Physical Factors Affecting Performance
Cardiovascular SystemStudent Book
What the Specification Says:
Definitions:
Learners must know the double circulatory system.
Learners must know the different types of blood vessel:
• arteries;
• capillaries;
• veins.
Learners must understand the pathway of blood through the heart.
Learners must know the definition of:
• heart rate;
• stroke volume;
• cardiac output.
Learners must know the role of red blood cells.
heart rate – number of heart contractions per minute.
stroke volume – volume of blood that is pumped out of the heart by each ventricle during one contraction.
cardiac output – volume of blood ejected from the left ventricle in the heart each minute.
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The HeartLabel the key parts of the heart on the diagram.
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Double Circulatory System
High CO₂Low CO₂
Low CO₂High CO₂
P u l m o n a r y Circuit
lungs
body
Systemic Circuit
Blood flows through the system continuously. The double circulatory system is made up of two
circuits:
Systemic circuit – transports oxygenated blood from the heart around the body and deoxygenated blood back to the heart.
Pulmonary circuit – transports deoxygenated blood from the heart around the lungs and oxygenated blood back to the heart. It also removes carbon dioxide from the blood stream.
right ventricle
pulmonaryartery
pulmonaryvein
left atrium
left ventricle
right atrium
vena cava
deoxygenated blood
deoxygenated blood
systemic circulation
pulmonary circulation
oxygenated blood
oxygenated blood
lungs
aortabody
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Cut out the boxes containing the key elements of the double circulatory system and arrange them in the correct order according to the diagram above. Then, try mixing them all up and reordering them without looking at the diagram – or even remove a few elements and see if your revision partner can name them.
deoxygenated blood
oxygenated blood
left ventricle
right atrium
deoxygenated blood
oxygenated blood
aorta
pulmonary artery
pulmonary vein
body
right ventricle
lungs
left atrium
vena cava
Word Jumble Task:
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The primary function of red blood cells is to transport oxygen to cells around the body and to deliver carbon dioxide to the lungs.
Complete the table:
Blood Vessels
You need to know about three types of blood vessel. All these vessels carry blood.
• arteries;
• capillaries;
• veins.
Vessel Structure Function
Arteries Carry oxygenated blood at HIGH pressure from the heart to the body.
Capillaries Very thin, single cell thick walls. Found in large quantities around muscles.
Veins Thin layer of smooth muscle tissue. Have values to prevent backflow of blood.
Artery
Vein
Capillary
Thick, elastic wall
Single cell wall
Thin wall
Valve
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