Garden equipment — Powered lawnmowers — Safety · BS EN 836:1997 This British Standard, having been prepared under the direction of the Engineering Sector Board, was published

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BRITISH STANDARD
BS EN 836:1997Incorporating Amendment No. 1
Garden equipment — Powered lawnmowers — Safety

The European Standard EN 836:1997, with the incorporation of amendments A1:1997 and A2:2001, has the status of a British Standard

ICS 65.060.70

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This British Standard, having been prepared under the direction of the Engineering Sector Board, was published under the authority of the Standards Board and comes into effect on 15 December 1997

© BSI 28 November 2001

The following BSI references relate to the work on this standard:Committee reference AGE/20Draft for comment 92/81133 DC

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Committees responsible for this British Standard

The preparation of this British Standard was entrusted to Technical Committee AGE/20, Powered lawn and garden equipment, upon which the following bodies were represented:

Agricultural Engineers Association

British Agricultural and Garden Machinery Association Ltd.

Consumers’ Association

Department of Trade and Industry (Consumer Safety Unit, C A Division)

Health and Safety Executive

Institute of Leisure and Amenity Management

Local Authority Organizations

Silsoe Research Institute

Amendments issued since publication

Amd. No. Date Text affected

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BS EN 836:1997

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National foreword

This British Standard has been prepared by Technical Committee AGE/20, and is the English language version of EN 836:1997 Garden equipment — Powered lawnmowers — Safety, including amendments A1:1997 and A2:2001, published by the European Committee for Standardization (CEN). EN 836 was produced as a result of international discussions in which the United Kingdom took an active part. It supersedes BS 5107:1974 which is withdrawn.

Cross-references

The British Standards which implement international or European publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Standards Catalogue under the section entitled “International Standards Correspondence Index”, or by using the “Find” facility of the BSI Standards Electronic Catalogue.

A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application.

Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations.

Summary of pages

This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i and ii, the EN title page, pages 2 to 79 and a back cover

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Sidelining in this document indicates the most recent changes by amendment.

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EUROPEAN STANDARD

NORME EUROPÉENNE

EUROPÄISCHE NORM

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EN 836March 1997

+ A1September 1997

+ A2March 2001

ICS 65.060.70

Descriptors: Horticultural machinery, power horticultural machinery, lawn mowers, safety requirements, accident prevention, specifications, design, equipment specifications, safety devices, hazards, tests, verification, marking

English version

Garden equipment — Powered lawnmowers — Safety(includes amendments A1:1997 and A2:2001)

Matériel de jardinage — Tondeuses à gazon à moteur — Sécurité(inclut les amendements A1:1997 et A2:2001)

Gartengeräte — Motorgetriebene Rasenmäher — Sicherheit(enthält Änderungen A1:1997 und A2:2001)

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This European Standard was approved by CEN on 1997-03-12. Amendment A1was approved by CEN on 1997-09-18. Amendment A2:2001 was approved byCEN on 2001-02-04. CEN members are bound to comply with theCEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for givingthis European Standard the status of a national standard without anyalteration.

Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such nationalstandards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to anyCEN member.

This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French,German). A version in any other language made by translation under theresponsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to theCentral Secretariat has the same status as the official versions.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, CzechRepublic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy,Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland andUnited Kingdom.

CENEuropean Committee for Standardization

Comité Européen de NormalisationEuropäisches Komitee für Normung

Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart 36, B-1050 Brussels

© 1997 CEN — All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members.

Ref. No. EN 836:1997 E + A1:1997 + A2:2001 E

EN 836:1997

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Foreword

This European Standard has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 144, Tractors and machinery for agriculture and forestry, the Secretariat of which is held by AFNOR.

This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by September 1997, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by September 1997.

This European Standard has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directive(s).

For relationship with EU Directive(s), see informative Annex ZA, which is an integral part of this standard.

According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom.

Foreword to amendment A1

This amendment EN 836:1997/A1:1997 to EN 836:1997 has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 144, Tractors and machinery for agriculture and forestry, the Secretariat of which is held by AFNOR.

This amendment to the European Standard EN 836:1997 shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by April 1998, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by April 1998.

This amendment to European Standard EN 836:1997 has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directive(s).


Foreword to amendment A2

This amendment EN 836:1997/A2:2001 to the EN 836:1997 has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 144, Tractors and machinery for agriculture and forestry, the Secretariat of which is held by AFNOR.

This amendment to the European Standard EN 836:1997 shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by September 2001, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by September 2001.

This amendment to the European Standard EN 836:1997 has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directive(s).

This amendment which specifically deals with vibration and noise, replaces the “Not yet dealt with” notes in the right hand column of Table A.1 against hazard items 4.1, 4.2 and 5 listed in the left hand column.

Annex G and Annex H are normative. Annex I is informative.


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EN 836:1997


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Contents

PageForeword 2Introduction 51 Scope 52 Normative references 53 Definitions 64 Safety requirements and/or measures 94.1 General 94.1.1 Power driven components 94.1.2 Guard attachment 94.1.3 Hot surfaces 104.1.4 Protection from exhaust fumes 104.1.5 Pressurized components 124.1.6 Liquid spillage 124.1.7 Seats and footrests 124.1.8 Controls 124.1.9 Electrical requirements 134.1.10 Engine stopping and starting 164.1.11 Transport 164.1.12 Vibration 174.1.12.1 Reduction by design and protective

measures 174.1.12.2 Reduction by information 174.1.12.3 Vibration measurement 174.1.13 Noise 174.1.13.1 Reduction as a safety requirement 174.1.13.2 Noise emission measurement 184.2 Specific requirements for rotary

lawnmowers 184.2.1 General construction of rotary

lawnmowers 184.2.1.1 Blade enclosure 184.2.1.2 Guards and grass catchers 204.2.1.3 Blades 204.2.2 Verification of the safety requirements

and/or measures for rotarylawnmowers 24

4.2.2.1 General 244.2.2.2 General test conditions 244.2.2.3 Thrown object test 264.2.2.4 Impact test 324.2.2.5 Imbalance test 344.2.2.6 Foot probe test 344.2.2.7 Structural integrity test for blade

enclosure, guards and grass catcher 354.2.3 Pedestrian-controlled rotary

lawnmowers — Additional requirements 36

Page4.2.3.1 Handle construction 364.2.3.2 Brake requirements and test method 384.2.3.3 Trailing seat unit (sulky units) 384.2.4 Ride-on (riding rotary machines —

Additional requirements 394.2.4.1 Brake requirements and test method 394.2.4.2 Stability requirements and test

method 404.2.5 Towed units — Rotary lawnmowers 414.3 Specific requirements for cylinder

lawnmowers 414.3.1 General construction — Guarding 414.3.2 Thrown grass, thrown objects, operator

safety 444.3.3 Pedestrian-controlled cylinder

lawnmowers 454.3.4 Ride-on (riding) cylinder lawnmowers 454.3.5 Towed units — Cylinder lawnmowers 465 Information for use 475.1 Instruction handbook 475.1.1 Assembly, operational and maintenance

instructions 475.1.2 Safety instructions 475.2 Minimum marking 47Annex A (normative) List of hazards 49Annex B (informative) Examples of pictograms that may be used for lawnmower marking 53Annex C (normative) Corrugated fibreboard penetration tests on rotary lawnmowers — Test enclosure wall target panels 54Annex D (normative) Target panel elevation areas and suggested data sheet for thrown object test 56Annex E (normative) Test enclosure 58Annex F (normative) Safety instructions — Rotary lawnmowers (pedestrian and ride-on) — Cylinder lawnmowers (pedestrian and ride-on) 62Annex G (normative) Vibration 66Annex H (normative) Noise test code — Engineering method (grade 2) 71Annex I (informative) Example of a material and construction fulfilling the requirements for an artificial surface 75Annex ZA (informative) Clauses of this European Standard addressing essential requirements or other provisions of EU Directives 77Bibliography 78

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EN 836:1997


Introduction

The extent to which hazards are covered is indicated in the scope of this standard. In addition, machinery shall comply as appropriate with EN 292 for hazards which are not covered by this standard.

1 Scope

This European Standard specifies safety requirements and their verification for the design and construction of powered rotary and cylinder lawnmowers, including pedestrian-controlled and ride-on (riding) types, and lawn and garden tractors, professional lawnmowers, and lawn and garden tractors with mowing attachments.

This European Standard is not applicable to lawn trimmers, lawn edge trimmers, lawn edgers, flail mowers, scrub cutters, sickle-bar mowers or agricultural mowers.

This standard is not applicable to rotary lawnmowers for which the cutting means is a generally circular central drive unit on which is mounted, either one or more non-metallic filaments or one or more non-metallic, pivotally mounted cutting elements. These cutting elements rely on centrifugal force to achieve cutting, with the kinetic energy of a single cutting means not exceeding 10 Joules.

It describes methods for the elimination or reduction of hazards arising from their use; in addition, it specifies the type of information to be provided by the manufacturer on safe working practices.

For the electrical aspects of electrically driven machines refer to EN 60335.

The list of significant hazards dealt with in this standard is given in Annex A. Annex A also indicates the hazards which have not been dealt with.

Environmental aspects have not been dealt with in this standard.

This European Standard applies primarily to machines which are manufactured after the date of issue of this standard.NOTE The reduction of risks from noise and vibration will be the subject of amendments to this standard now being developed.

2 Normative references

This European Standard incorporates by dated or undated reference, provisions from other publications. These normative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text and the publications are listed hereafter. For dated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of any of these publications apply to this European Standard only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references the latest edition of the publication referred to applies.

EN 292-1:1991, Safety of machinery — Basic concepts, general principles for design — Part 1: Basic terminology, methodology.

EN 292-2:1991, Safety of machinery — Basic concepts, general principles for design — Part 2: Technical principles and specifications (and amendment A1:1995).

EN 294:1992, Safety of machinery — Safety distances to prevent danger zones being reached by the upper limbs.

EN 563, Safety of machinery — Temperatures of touchable surfaces — Ergonomics data to establish temperature limit values for hot surfaces.

EN 1032:1996, Mechanical vibration — Testing of mobile machinery in order to determine the whole-body vibration emission value — General.

EN 1033:1995, Hand-arm vibration — Laboratory measurement of vibration at the grip surface of hand-guided machinery — General.

EN 1152, Tractors and machinery for agriculture and forestry — Guards for power take-off (PTO) drive shafts — Wear and strength tests.

EN 60335, Safety of household and similar electrical appliances (IEC 335).

EN ISO 354:1993, Acoustics — Measurement of sound absorption in a reverberation room (ISO 354:1985).

EN ISO 3744:1995, Acoustics — Determination of sound power levels of noise sources using sound pressure — Engineering method in an essentially free field over a reflecting plane (ISO 3744:1994).

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EN ISO 3767-1:1995, Tractors, machinery for agriculture and forestry, powered lawn and garden equipment — Symbols for operator controls and other displays — Part 1: Common symbols.

EN ISO 3767-2:1995, Tractors, machinery for agriculture and forestry, powered lawn and garden equipment — Symbols for operator controls and other displays — Part 2: Symbols for agricultural tractors and machinery.

EN ISO 3767-3, Tractors, machinery for agriculture and forestry, powered lawn and garden equipment — Symbols for operator controls and other displays — Part 3: Symbols for powered lawn and garden equipment.

EN ISO 6682:1995, Earth-moving machinery — Zones of comfort and reach for controls.

EN ISO 11201:1995, Acoustics — Noise emitted by machinery and equipment — Measurement of emission sound pressure levels at a work station and at other specified positions — Engineering method in an essentially free field over a reflecting plane (ISO 11201:1995).

EN ISO 11688-1:1998, Acoustics — Recommended practice for the design of low-noise machinery and equipment — Part 1: Planning (ISO/TR 11688-1:1995).

ISO 500:1991, Agricultural tractors — Rear-mounted power take-off — Types 1, 2 and 3.

ISO 2758:1983, Paper — Determination of bursting strength.

ISO 3304:1985, Plain end seamless precision steel tubes — Technical conditions for delivery.

ISO 3305:1985, Plain end welded precision steel tubes — Technical conditions for delivery.

ISO 3306:1985, Plain end as-welded and sized precision steel tubes — Technical conditions for delivery.

ISO 4046:1978, Paper, board, pulp and related terms — Vocabulary.

ISO 4200:1991, Plain end steel tubes, welded and seamless — General tables of dimensions and masses per unit length.

ISO 4253:1993, Agricultural tractors — Operator’s seating accommodation — Dimensions.

ISO 5673:1993, Agricultural tractors and machinery — Power take-off drive shafts and position of power-input connections.

ISO 9190:1990, Lawn and garden ride-on (riding) tractors — Drawbar.

ISO 9191:1991, Lawn and garden ride-on (riding) tractors — Three-point hitch.

ISO 9192:1991, Lawn and garden ride-on (riding) tractors — One-point tubular sleeve hitch.

ISO 9193:1990, Lawn and garden ride-on (riding) tractors — Power take-off.

3 DefinitionsFor the purposes of this European Standard, the following definitions apply.

3.1 blade tip circlethe path described by the outermost point of the cutting means cutting edge as it rotates about its shaft axis

3.2 braking distancethe distance travelled between the point of the first application of the brake control and the point at which the machine comes to rest

3.3 braking systema combination of one or more brakes and related means of operation and control

3.4 manual controla means or device which will control the operation of the lawnmower or any specific operating function thereof

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EN 836:1997


3.5 cutting means; bladethe mechanism used to provide the cutting action

3.6 cutting means enclosurethe part or assembly which provides the protective means around the cutting means

3.7 cutting positionsany height setting of the cutting means designated by the manufacturer for cutting grass

3.8 cutting widththe total width of cut measured across the cutting means at right angles to the direction of travel

3.9 cylinder lawnmowera powered lawnmower with one or more cutting means rotating about a horizontal axis to provide a shearing action with a fixed cutter bar or blade

3.10 discharge chutean extension of the cutting means enclosure from the discharge opening, generally used to control the discharge of material from the cutting means

3.11 discharge openinga gap or opening in the cutting means enclosure through which grass can be discharged

3.12 flail mowera grass-cutting machine with a multiplicity of free-swinging cutting elements that rotate about an axis parallel to the cutting plane and cut by impact

3.13 grass catchera part or combination of parts which provides a means for collecting grass clippings or debris

3.14 hover lawnmowera powered lawnmower which uses a cushion of air as its ground support

3.15 jack-knifingmovement of an articulated unit which results in:

— prevention of further operation in the reverse direction; or— entrapment of the operator; or— displacement of the operator sufficient to cause loss of control

3.16 lawn edgera powered machine suitable for cutting lawn and soil, usually in a vertical plane

3.17 lawn edge trimmera grass trimming machine where the cutting means operates in a plane approximately perpendicular to the ground

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3.18 lawn trimmera grass trimming machine where the cutting means operates in a plane approximately parallel to the ground

3.19 maximum operating engine/motor speedthe highest engine/motor speed obtainable when adjusted in accordance with the machine manufacturer’s specifications and/or instructions with the cutting means engaged

3.20 mowing attachmenta cutting means designed to be easily detached from the machine, generally to allow the machine to be used for other purposes

3.21 mulching lawnmowera rotary lawnmower without discharge openings in the cutting means enclosure

3.22 normal operationany use of the machine which is reasonably foreseeable, as seen by the ordinary user, and which is consistent with such activities as cutting grass, starting, stopping, fuelling, connecting to (or disconnecting from) a power source, or the mounting of and dismounting from ride-on machines

3.23 normal usenormal operation, plus routine maintenance, servicing, cleaning, transporting, attaching or removing accessories, and making ordinary adjustments as determined by the manufacturer’s instructions

3.24 open discharge chutea discharge chute without a self closing guard or with a self closing guard which does not completely close the chute

3.25 operator controlany control requiring operator actuation to perform specific functions

3.26 operator presence controla control designed so that it will automatically interrupt power to a drive when the operator’s actuating force is removed

3.27 pedestrian-controlled powered lawnmowera grass-cutting machine, either pushed or self-propelled, normally controlled by the operator walking behind the unit

3.28 powered lawnmowera grass-cutting machine or a machine with grass-cutting attachment(s) where the cutting means operates in a plane approximately parallel to the ground and which uses the ground to determine the height of cut by means of wheels, air cushion or skids, etc., and which utilizes an engine or an electric motor for a power source

3.29 ride-on (riding) machine; lawn and garden tractora self-propelled machine on which an operator rides and which is designed primarily for cutting grass and auxiliary garden workNOTE The cutting means can be an integral part of the machine or suspended from or attached to the machine.



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3.30 rotary lawnmowera powered lawnmower in which one or more cutting means, cutting by impact, rotate about an axis normal to the cutting plane

3.31 service brake systemthe designated primary means for decelerating and stopping a machine from its ground travel speed

3.32 sickle bar mowera mower which uses a power source to reciprocate a knife or knives to provide a shearing action with a stationary cutter bar or movable knife

3.33 trailing seata removable, trailing device designed to carry a seated operator to ride behind while controlling a self-propelled, pedestrian-controlled lawnmower or tractorNOTE Also known as a “sulky”.

3.34 trailing seat unita pedestrian-controlled powered lawnmower or tractor with an optional trailing seat attachedNOTE Also known as a “sulky unit”.

4 Safety requirements and/or measures

4.1 General

4.1.1 Power driven components

All power driven components except the cutting means and the ground-contacting parts of pedestrian-controlled power propelled lawnmowers shall be guarded to prevent contact with these parts during normal operation.

All openings and safety distances shall conform to 4.5.2 and 4.5.3 of EN 294:1992 unless otherwise specified in this standard.

Rotating covers or discs shall have a continuous unbroken or smooth surface.

Guards shall be provided to prevent accidental contact with hazardous servicing points when the machine is serviced as recommended by the manufacturer.

Where a guard is designed to be opened or removed and which exposes a hazard, a safety sign warning of the hazard shall be located on the guard or adjacent to the hazard.

Where a guard is so positioned that it can be used as a step, it shall withstand a force of 1 200 N.

Compliance shall be checked by inspection and measurement.

4.1.2 Guard attachment

All guards shall be permanently attached to the machine and shall not be detachable without the use of tools. The opening of guards, except for the following, shall require the use of a tool:

a) the opening of removable interlocked guards which disable the protected moving parts;

b) the opening of hinged, automatically closing guards for grass discharge chutes;

c) engine compartment access of machines where the operator presence control stops the engine.



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4.1.3 Hot surfaces

4.1.3.1 General

A guard shall be provided to prevent accidental contact with any exposed engine exhaust components larger than 10 cm2 which have a surface temperature greater than 80 �C at (20 ± 3) �C ambient temperature during normal starting, mounting and operation of the machine.NOTE The temperature of 80 �C is to be reviewed at the next revision of this standard taking into account any relevant values given in EN 563.

4.1.3.2 Temperature measuring equipment

The temperature measuring equipment shall have an accuracy of ±4 �C.

4.1.3.3 Test method

The engine shall be operated at its maximum operating speed until the surface temperatures stabilize. The test shall be conducted in the shade. Temperatures shall be determined by correcting the observed temperature by the difference between the specified ambient and the test ambient temperature.

Identify the hot surface area(s) on the engine exhaust system.

When the distance between the identified hot area and the nearest control is in excess of 100 mm, cone A as shown in Figure 1 shall be used. For distances less than 100 mm between the identified hot area and the nearest control, cone B as shown in Figure 1 shall be used.

For cone A, with the axis of the cone anywhere between 0� and 180� to the horizontal and with the nose or point of the cone in a downward to horizontal direction, move the cone towards the hot surface. The cone shall not be moved in an upwards direction. When moving the cone, determine if contact is made with the hot surface area(s) with the cone tip or conical surface of the cone.

Cone B shall be moved in any direction.

4.1.3.4 Test acceptance

When tested in accordance with 4.1.3.3, using the test equipment given in 4.1.3.2 the tip or conical surface of cone A or B shall not make contact with the hot surface of the exhaust system as described in 4.1.3.1.

4.1.4 Protection from exhaust fumes

Engine exhaust, where provided, shall not be directed towards the operator.

On machines equipped with an enclosure for the operator, the engine exhaust shall not be directed towards the enclosure or the air inlet to the enclosure.

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Dimensions in millimetres

Figure 1 — Test cones (see 4.1.3.3)

SR 25 ± 1Cone A

Horizontal plane180° 0°

Ø 560 ± 4

460

± 4

SR 0,5 max.

Cone B

ø 80 ± 1,5

100

± 1,

5

90° ± 1°



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4.1.5 Pressurized components

Pressurized hoses, lines and components shall be located or shielded so that in the event of rupture the fluid can not be discharged directly on to the operator when in the operating position.

4.1.6 Liquid spillage

When filled to the maximum according to the manufacturer’s instructions liquid containers, batteries, fuel systems, oil reservoirs, and coolant systems shall be constructed to prevent spillage for 1 min whilst the machine is tilted at 20� lateral and 30� longitudinal or at its limit of stability as specified in the stability test for ride-on machines (see 4.2.4.2.3.2) if greater. Weeping at vent systems shall not be considered spillage.

4.1.7 Seats and footrests

4.1.7.1 Ride-on machines shall be provided with an operator seat and foot rests. Where there is no floor beneath the driver’s feet foot rests shall be provided. These shall be covered with slip resistant material.

Where the operator sits astride the frame of the machine and holds handlebars the requirements of 4.1.7.2 shall not apply.

4.1.7.2 For machines with a width of cut less than or equal to 1 200 mm

a) the operator’s seat shall have a buttock support at least 115 mm high at the rear, above the seating surface, to retain the operator;

b) the seat shall be at least 400 mm wide.

For machines with a width of cut greater than 1 200 mm the dimensions and longitudinal adjustment of the driver’s seat shall conform to the requirements of ISO 4253:1993.

4.1.8 Controls

4.1.8.1 General

4.1.8.1.1 All machines

The following shall not be considered operator controls:

— height of cut setting;— fixed blade (on-cut) setting or adjustment on cylinder lawnmowers;— engine starting;— grass catcher discharge arrangements.

It shall not be possible to sustain an engine/motor speed greater than the maximum operating speed (see 3.19) by use of any control or by simple adjustments made by using standard tools.

For machines with traction drive the drive shall automatically stop or disengage when the operator leaves the normal operating position.NOTE An audible warning device (e.g. horn) is not required. However machines travelling on public roads may be required to be fitted with a horn in order to meet highway regulations.

4.1.8.1.2 Pedestrian-controlled lawnmowers

The location and range of movement of operator controls shall remain within anthropometric dimensions given in Figure 2 for pedestrian-controlled units. The operating range of less frequently used operator controls may be extended by allowing the operator’s trunk, when standing with both feet on the ground, to articulate within the confines of the operator zone (e.g. lean forward until contacting the handle in any of the operating positions).

Engine starting controls shall only be outside this range if either:

a) starting can only be accomplished with the blade drive disengaged; or

b) the cutting means enclosure can pass the foot probe test (see 4.2.2.6 and Figure 3) with the probe applied at the designated starting position of the lawnmower (see 4.2.2.6.2).



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The reverse function of the traction drive control(s) shall require continuous activation in the direction of travel to drive.

On self-propelled lawnmowers it shall be possible to engage or disengage the traction drive when the cutting means is operating.

4.1.8.1.3 Ride-on (riding) machines

The location and range of movement of operator controls shall remain within the confines of the operator zone of reach as shown in ISO 6682:1986. The operating range of less frequently used operator controls may be extended by allowing the operator’s trunk, while sitting on ride-on machines to articulate within the confines of the operator area (e.g. lean forward until contacting the steering control which can be in any of the operating positions).

4.1.8.2 Identification of controls

Controls, whose purpose is not obvious, shall have the function, direction and/or method of operation clearly identified by a durable label or mark.

Detailed instructions on the operation of all controls shall be provided in an instruction handbook.

4.1.8.3 Operator control symbols

Operator control symbols shall comply with EN ISO 3767-1:1995, EN ISO 3767-2:1995 and EN ISO 3767-3.

4.1.9 Electrical requirements

4.1.9.1 General

These electrical requirements apply only to battery circuits of less than 42 V and high tension ignition circuits. Electrically driven machines shall comply with EN 60335.



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NOTE 1 The operator zone is the area into which the extremities of a 95th percentile male can reach from the normal operator position.

NOTE 2 The lower forward zone is the area into which a fifth percentile male or a 50th percentile female can reach when against the handle barrier. This zone can also be reached by a 95th percentile male leaning forward against the handle barrier.

NOTE 3 All barriers within the operator zone will reduce the zone by the space occupied and protected by the barrier.

NOTE 4 The operator zone includes the maximum range of all frequently used operator control movement but is not intended to represent preferred operator control positions.

NOTE 5 The above dimensions can be altered when the work of CEN/TC 122 is complete.

Figure 2 — Operator zone — Pedestrian-controlled lawnmower (see 4.1.8.1.2)



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Linear dimensions in millimetres

Figure 3 — Foot probe test (see 4.2.2.6)



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4.1.9.2 Low voltage battery circuits (not including magneto grounding circuits)

4.1.9.2.1 Electrical cables

Electrical cables shall be protected if located in potentially abrasive contact with metal surfaces and shall be resistant to, or protected against, contact with lubricant and fuel. The wiring assembly shall, where possible, be grouped together, be supported and be located so that no portion is in contact with the carburettor, metallic fuel lines, the exhaust system, moving parts or sharp edges. Any edges of metal members likely to be in contact with the cables shall be rounded or protected to prevent possible damage to the cables by cutting or abrasion.

4.1.9.2.2 Battery installation

The compartment for a vented storage battery shall have openings to provide ventilation and drainage. When the battery is in the operating position, acid shall not leak onto parts that would be critically affected to the extent that a hazard would be created from corrosion.

4.1.9.2.3 Overload protection

4.1.9.2.3.1 All circuits, except starter motor and high tension ignition circuits, that are not capable of passing the test in 4.1.9.2.3.2 shall be provided with overload protection devices in the ungrounded line near the battery terminal. The overload protection may be located in either wire of a two wire system.

4.1.9.2.3.2 A battery powered machine shall be subjected to the following test. During the test the machine shall not emit flames or molten metal and any internal explosion shall be contained so as not to cause any material to be ejected from the machine.

With the motor shaft locked to prevent rotation connect it to its fully charged integral battery and leave it in that condition until the battery is discharged or failure of any component takes place.

4.1.9.3 Terminals and uninsulated electrical parts

4.1.9.3.1 Terminals and uninsulated electrical parts, and two-wire non-grounded systems shall be protected against short circuiting by the fuel can or tools, during normal re-fuelling and lubrication servicing.

4.1.9.3.2 Ignition interruption or short-circuiting shall be provided and shall be fitted on the low-voltage side.

4.1.9.3.3 All high-voltage parts of the circuit including spark plug terminals shall be electrically protected in such a manner that the operator cannot make accidental contact with them.

4.1.10 Engine stopping and starting

A stopping device shall be provided. The device shall not depend on sustained manual pressure for its continued operation.

A switch operated by a removable key, or a similar device shall be provided unless a manual starter is the only means of engine starting. Mowers shall not be provided with a starter operated by means of a loose rope.NOTE An emergency stop device is not required.

4.1.11 Transport

4.1.11.1 The transport position of the cutting means of a powered lawnmower shall be that position designated by the manufacturer for use when the lawnmower is being moved under its own power but the cutting means is required to be well clear of the ground and is not required to cut grass. If movement of the cutting means towards the transport position raises any part of the cutting plane above 400 mm from the ground, then the drive shall be automatically disengaged or require manual disengagement before it can be raised above 400 mm.

4.1.11.2 When moving the cutting means from the transport position to the cutting position the drive to the cutting means shall not be engaged unless:

a) the operator is at the operator’s position; and

b) all parts of the cutting plane are within 400 mm of the ground; and

c) there is a deliberate activation of the drive to the cutting means by the operator.



EN 836:1997


4.1.11.3 When there is a designated transport position, and where the height of any part of the cutting plane of a cutter unit is less than 400 mm there shall be a means of disengaging the cutting means drive while the traction drive is engaged.

4.1.11.4 The cutter unit shall be capable of being secured in the transport position by positive means such as latches.

4.1.11.5 If the cutter units have to be brought to the transport position by hand, they shall be provided with appropriate handles. The maximum force required shall be 350 N.

4.1.11.6 For ride-on units the operation of the cutting means shall be independent of the traction drive and shall include a separate control for engaging and disengaging the traction drive.

4.1.12 Vibration

4.1.12.1 Reduction by design and protective measures

The machine shall be designed to generate a vibration level as low as practicable. The main sources causing vibration are the:

— oscillating forces from the engine;— cutting means;— unbalanced moving parts;— impact in gears, bearings and other mechanisms;— interaction between operator, machine and material being worked; — machine design related to mobility;— travelling surface, speed, tyre pressure.

NOTE 1 CR 1030-1:1995 gives general technical information on widely recognized technical rules and means to be followed in the design of machines for low hand-arm vibration solutions.

NOTE 2 Besides the vibration reduction of the source, technical measures to isolate the vibration source from the handle may be used, when appropriate, such as isolators and resonating masses.

4.1.12.2 Reduction by information

After taking possible technical measures for vibration reduction, it is still recommended that, when appropriate, the instruction handbook recommends:

— the use of low-vibration operating modes, and/or limited time of operation;— the wearing of personal protection equipment (PPE).

4.1.12.3 Vibration measurement

For the measurement of hand-arm and whole body vibration the methods given in Annex G shall be used.

4.1.13 Noise

4.1.13.1 Reduction as a safety requirement

4.1.13.1.1 Reduction at source by design and by protective measures

The machine shall generate a noise level as low as practicable. The main sources causing noise are:

— air intake system;— engine cooling system (applicable only for combustion engine);— engine exhaust system (applicable only for combustion engine);— cutting system;— vibrating surfaces.

EN ISO 11688-1:1998 gives general technical information on widely recognized technical rules and means to be followed in the design of low-noise machines. For combustion engine driven machines special care shall be taken in the design of the exhaust system and the selection of the silencer.NOTE EN ISO 11691:1995 and EN ISO 11820:1996 can be used for the testing of the silencer.



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4.1.13.1.2 Reduction by information

If after taking all possible technical measures for reducing noise at the design stage a manufacturer considers that further protection of the operator is necessary, then the instruction handbook shall:

— recommend the use of low-noise operating modes, and/or limited time of operation;— give a warning of noise level and recommend the use of ear protection.

4.1.13.2 Noise emission measurement

The determination of the sound power level and of the emission sound pressure level at the operator's position shall be carried out using the measurement methods given in Annex H.

4.2 Specific requirements for rotary lawnmowers

4.2.1 General construction of rotary lawnmowers

4.2.1.1 Blade enclosure

4.2.1.1.1 General

The blade enclosure shall extend at least 3 mm below the plane of the blade tip circle, except as allowed in 4.2.1.1.2 and at the grass discharge opening. If the bolt heads of blade-securing screws extend below the blade enclosure these shall be located within the inner 50 % blade tip circle diameter.

Any extension of the wall(s) of the blade enclosure adjacent to the discharge opening, including walls of the discharge chute, not meeting this requirement shall be considered as part of the discharge opening. The walls shall satisfy the foot probe test (see 4.2.2.6) and conform to all the other relevant requirements of this standard.

On the operator’s side of pedestrian-controlled lawnmowers, a rear wall of the blade enclosure or a barrier shall extend at least 120 mm from the nearest point of the blade tip circle and rise by an angle of not more than 5� from the horizontal (see Figure 4).



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4.2.1.1.2 Front opening

Machines may be provided with a front opening in the front wall of maximum width as shown in Figure 5 and Figure 6 in which case the following two conditions shall be fulfilled:

a) they shall satisfy the foot probe test given in 4.2.2.6;

b) all tangential lines from the blade tip circle, in or above the plane of the blade tip circle and in the direction of rotation of the blade shall intersect the blade enclosure structure.

NOTE Figure 7 shows an example of a structure meeting this requirement.

4.2.1.1.3 Open discharge chutes

When open discharge chutes are provided, no tangential line which passes through the discharge chute from the blade tip circle in or above the plane of the blade tip circle and in the direction of rotation of the blade shall intersect the operator zone (see Figure 2) without first contacting the blade enclosure or guard.NOTE Grass catchers are not subject to the tangential line test but if the chute is not completely covered by the catcher the tangential line test is applicable to the gap(s).

4.2.1.1.4 Tangential lines

The tangential lines referred to in 4.2.1.1.2 and 4.2.1.1.3 shall be proved by means of a 3 mm diameter rod applied with minimal force from the outside of the machine.


Figure 4 — Handle distance (see 4.2.3.1.1) and rear blade enclosure (see 4.2.1.1.1)

5° max.

Blade tip circle

120 min.

450 min.



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4.2.1.2 Guards and grass catchers

Swinging guards or guards which have to be displaced in order to fit the grass catcher shall automatically return to the closed position when the grass catcher is removed. These guards shall be considered as forming part of the blade enclosure for the purposes of 4.2.1.1.

4.2.1.3 Blades

4.2.1.3.1 Operator presence control

4.2.1.3.1.1 Pedestrian-controlled lawnmowers

Pedestrian-controlled lawnmowers shall be fitted with a device on the control handle which will automatically stop blade rotation when the operator’s hands are removed from the handle.NOTE This may be accomplished, for example, either by stopping the drive motor or by an intermediate blade brake/clutch mechanism.

For restarting blade rotation the control shall require two separate actions. If these actions are to be carried out by using the same hand then the actions shall be totally distinct thus to prevent accidental “switch on”.

Figure 5 — Front opening restrictions for single spindle lawnmowers (see 4.2.1.1.2)

Width of cut

50° max. 50° max.

Maximum front opening

Blade enclosureBlade tip circle

Directionof travel

Limits of blade enclosure frontopening are 50° maximum orcutting width, whichever is thenarrowest



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Figure 6 — Front opening restrictions for multi-spindle lawnmowers (see 4.2.1.1.2)

50° max.

50° max.

Width of cut

Maximum front opening

Blade enclosure

Blade tip circle

Limits of blade enclosure frontopening are 50° maximum orcutting width, whichever is the narrowest

Directionof travel



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4.2.1.3.1.2 Ride-on machines

Ride-on machines shall be fitted with a device which will automatically stop rotation of the blades when the operator leaves the normal operating position.NOTE If the operator returns to the operator’s position before the blades have stopped, the blades may automatically resume operation.

Starting of the blades shall require intentional reactivation by a means other than the operator presence control after stopping.

4.2.1.3.2 Blade stopping time

4.2.1.3.2.1 Pedestrian-controlled lawnmowers

For pedestrian-controlled lawnmowers the following blade stopping times shall apply:

a) cutting width up to and including 600 mm: the blades shall stop from their maximum rotational speed within 3 s after the operator releases the controls that govern the operation of the cutting means;

b) cutting width greater than 600 mm: the blades shall stop from their maximum rotational speed within 5 s after the operator releases the controls that govern the operation of the cutting means;


Figure 7 — Construction for front opening (see 4.2.1.1.2)

Vertical baffles

Exposed bladescan be seen

3 m

in.

Tangential linesfrom blade tip circleintercept vertical baffles

A

A Section A-A

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4.2.1.3.2.2 Ride-on machines

For ride-on machines the following blade stopping times shall apply:

a) cutting width up to and including 1 200 mm: the blades shall stop from their maximum rotational speed within 5 s after the operator leaves the operating position;

b) cutting width greater than 1 200 mm: the blades shall stop from their maximum rotational speed within 7 s after the operator leaves the operating position.

4.2.1.3.2.3 Measurement of blade stopping time

Prior to the test the lawnmower shall be assembled and adjusted according to the manufacturer’s published instructions for use. Petrol powered lawnmowers shall be run-in for a period as requested by the manufacturer or for 15 min, whichever is the lesser. During the run-in period the blade control shall be operated 10 times. For electric machines there shall be no run-in period but the machine shall be operated 10 times before commencing the test. Battery powered lawnmowers shall be powered from an external power source to simulate a fully charged battery.

The lawnmower shall be mounted and instrumented in such a manner that the results of the test are not affected. If an external starting device is used it shall not influence the results. A device shall be provided to detect the moment of release of the blade operator presence control and another to detect movement of the cutting blades.

The time recording measurement system shall have a total accuracy of 25 ms and any tachometers used shall have an accuracy of ±2,5 %. The ambient test temperature shall be 20 �C ± 5 �C.

The means of operating the lawnmower during the test shall be such that the operator presence control for the blade is released abruptly from the full “on” position and it returns to the “idle” or “off” position by itself.

Stopping time is measured from the moment of release of the blade operator presence control until the last time a cutting blade passes the sensing device.

The lawnmower shall be subjected to a sequence of 5 000 stop/start cycles. The 5 000 test cycles are not required to be continuous and the lawnmower shall be maintained and adjusted during the test in accordance with the manufacturer’s published instructions for use. There shall be no maintenance or adjustment after 4 500 cycles have been completed.

Figure 8 gives a schematic representation of two cycles. Each cycle shall consist of the following sequence:

— accelerate the blade from rest to the maximum operating engine/motor speed, m (time = ts);— hold it at this speed for a short time to ensure that it is stable (time = tr);— release the operator presence control that controls the blade(s) and allow the blade to come to rest (time = tb);— allow a short time at rest before commencing the next cycle (time = to).

If the total time for one cycle is tc then tc = ts + tr + tb + to. The test cycle times for “on” (ts + tr) and “off” (tb + to) shall be decided by the manufacturer but shall not exceed 100 s “on” and 20 s “off”.NOTE This test is not representative of normal use and therefore the cycle times should be specified by the manufacturer to avoid unnecessary wear or damage to the machine.

The blade stopping time shall be measured for the following:

— each of the first five cycles of the 5 000 cycle test sequence (i.e. not including the 10 preparatory operations); and— each of the last five cycles prior to any brake maintenance or adjustment carried out during the test; and— each of the last five cycles of the 5 000 test cycles.

No other stopping times shall be recorded.

Each of the measured stopping times (tb) shall comply with the requirements of 4.2.1.3.2.1 or 4.2.1.3.2.2. If the test sample fails to complete the full number of cycles, but otherwise meets the requirements of this test, either the machinery may be repaired, if the brake mechanism is not affected, and the test continued or if the machine cannot be repaired one further sample may be tested which shall then comply fully with the requirements.



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4.2.2 Verification of the safety requirements and/or measures for rotary lawnmowers

4.2.2.1 General

This clause specifies the tests for pedestrian-controlled and ride-on machines. The tests may be carried out in any order.NOTE All tests of 4.2.2 which are conducted with the engine/motor running are dangerous. Test personnel should be adequately protected.

4.2.2.2 General test conditions

4.2.2.2.1 Engine/motor speed

Where it is specified that the machine shall run during the tests it shall be operated at the maximum operating engine/motor speed (see 3.19). Sealed adjustments shall not be moved when checking the maximum operating speed.

4.2.2.2.2 Pedestrian-controlled lawnmowers — restraint

The method of restraint shall not affect the test results.NOTE Where necessary, pedestrian-controlled lawnmowers may be elastically restrained at the handle to limit horizontal movement during the tests.

4.2.2.2.3 Machine configuration/attachments

For the thrown object test (see 4.2.2.3) and the structural integrity test (see 4.2.2.7), the machine shall be tested in all operational configurations (e.g. both with and without attachments and accessories such as grass catchers or mulching parts).

4.2.2.2.4 Test enclosure and target arrangements for tests 4.2.2.3, 4.2.2.4 and 4.2.2.5 (see Annex C)

4.2.2.2.4.1 The test enclosure required for the thrown object, imbalance and impact tests shall be constructed generally as shown in Figure 9. Variations to accommodate different machine types are shown in Figure 10, Figure 11, Figure 12, Figure 13 and Figure 14.

Figure 8 — Example of test cycle

Time

Blade speed (% of m)

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

t t t t t t ts sr rob b



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4.2.2.2.4.2 The walls shall consist of eight target panel areas, each 900 mm high, perpendicular to the base of the test fixture so as to form an octagon. The test fixture target panel composition shall meet the material specification of Annex C.NOTE In order to facilitate the counting of hits, the target panel supports should be designed to allow sliding in and out of at least one target panel.

The target panels shall be located perpendicular to a radial line extending (750 ± 50) mm from the blade tip circle of single spindle lawnmowers, or to the nearest blade tip circle of multi-spindled lawnmowers (Figure 10, Figure 11, Figure 12, Figure 13 and Figure 14). If a target panel interferes with a part of the machine such as grass catcher, handle, or wheel, the target panel shall be moved back to avoid such interference.

The target panels shall be divided into elevation zones by horizontal lines as indicated in Figure 9 and described in Annex D. The target panel in the operator target area of a pedestrian-controlled lawnmower above 900 mm shall consist of a single sheet of Kraft paper rising to a height of 2 000 mm.


Figure 9 — Thrown object test fixture — General layout (see 4.2.2.2.4 and 4.2.2.3.1)

Front

300

± 2.

5

450

± 4

900

± 4

Base (see figure E.2)

Top operator target areaTop area

Middle areaLower area

1100

± 6

Eight target panels(see figure E.3)

Add

ition

al a

rea

(a s

ingl

eth

ickn

ess

of k

raft

pape

r)fo

r pe

dest

rian

mow

ers

only

Tot

al h

eigh

t



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4.2.2.2.5 Ambient temperature during the tests shall be not less than 15 �C.

4.2.2.3 Thrown object test

4.2.2.3.1 Test equipment

4.2.2.3.1.1 The machine shall be tested in the test enclosure described in 4.2.2.2.4 and shall be placed on coconut matting/plywood base as specified in Annex E (see Figure E.2 and Figure E.3).

The operator target area (pedestrian-controlled lawnmowers only) is determined by the intersection of lines extending from centre A of the blade tip circle for single spindle lawnmowers (see Figure 10) or from the centre B of a line through the centres of the outer blade tip circles for multi-spindled lawnmowers (see Figure 11) and tangent to the 1 000 mm diameter operator area. The centre of the operator area is located 330 mm to the rear of the handles, when against the upper stop, on a line passing from centres A or B - through the centre of the handgrip part of the handle (see Figure 10 and Figure 11). The target panel surface between the intersection of the two tangents and the target panel is the operator target area.

For lawnmowers with moveable offset handles, the handle shall be positioned to the left to locate the left limit of the operator target area and then to the right to locate the corresponding right limit.

The machine shall be constrained in a suitable manner such that the specified position relative to the injection point is maintained throughout the test. The constraint(s) shall not obstruct free passage of the balls from under the machine.

4.2.2.3.1.2 Five hundred projectiles, 6,35 mm diameter balls, of hardened steel 45 HRC minimum, (e.g. balls used as ball bearings) shall be used.

4.2.2.3.1.3 Injection points shall be provided at the 12 o’clock position as in Figure 10, Figure 11, Figure 12, Figure 13 and Figure 14 and located (25 ± 5) mm inside the blade tip circle for injection of projectiles. An injection point shall be provided for each blade of a multi-spindle lawnmower.

The injection tube outlets shall be fixed and flush with, or below, the upper surface of the coconut mat (see Figure E.2) and the system shall be so arranged that the ball can be ejected with variable velocity.

4.2.2.3.2 Test method

The lawnmower blade shall be adjusted to a 30 mm cut height or the next higher cutting position when set on a hard level surface. Machines with a maximum height setting of 30 mm or less shall be set at their maximum height setting.

The ball injection mechanism shall ensure consistent free rise heights within a range of 100 mm. Adjust the velocity with which the ball is ejected so that the ball rises not less than 30 mm above the surface of the coconut matting and within an angle of 10� of the vertical axis. Then with the lawnmower in place and operating at maximum engine speed as defined in 3.19, allow balls one at a time into the lawnmower. Increase the velocity of the balls in small increments until each ball is hit by the lawnmower blade.NOTE This procedure is intended to ensure that the ball rise height is as low as possible consistent with regular blade impact.

Start the test when this minimum velocity is established. Chipped or damaged balls shall be replaced.

Inject 500 projectiles into each injection point for each test. On multi-spindle lawnmowers, the test shall be run for each spindle with the results evaluated for each test.

During any of the tests, in the event of excessive hits in a localized area, it may be necessary to repair or replace the target panel before continuing with the tests. Replace the target panels if hits from previous tests leave holes that cannot be covered by a 40 mm square gummed label. Not more than one thickness of gummed labels (patch) shall be placed over any one area. Balls remaining within the test fixture (on test surface) may be removed at the option of the tester to minimize ricochet hits.NOTE The test does not require that the machine has to be suitable for use after test.

4.2.2.3.3 Test results

Only test projectiles passing completely through all layers of the target panel material shall be regarded as hits. Count and record the hits (e.g. on the data sheet provided, see Annex D). Projectiles that hit the centreline of the target area height line shall be scored with the target area below that line.



EN 836:1997



Figure 10 — Single spindle pedestrian-controlled lawnmower — Test enclosure (see 4.2.2.2.4)

Operator target area

900 to 2000 high targetKraft paper

1000 ± 4 Operator area

Handle againstupper stop

330

± 2.

5

25 ±

5Eight target panels, fibreboard,900 high (see figure E.3)

90°

= =

Injection point

45°

±R = (750 +BTC

2Ø

50)

BTC Ø = Blade tip circle diameter

(A)

FRONT



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Figure 11 — Multi-spindle pedestrian-controlled lawnmower — Test enclosure (see 4.2.2.2.4)

Eight target panels, fibreboard,900 high (see figure E.3)

45°

25 ±

5

90°

(750 + ± 50)2

BTC Ø


Handle against upper stop

1000 ± 4

Operator target area900 to 2000 high targetKraft paper

Injection points (2) places

25 ±

533

0 ±

2.5

'B'

R =

FRONT

R

= =

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Figure 12 — Single spindle ride-on machine — Test enclosure (see 4.2.2.2.4)

25 ±

5Eight target panels, fibreboard,900 high (see figure E.3)

90°

Injection point

45°

±R = (750 +BTC

2Ø

50)


FRONT



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Figure 13 — Two spindle ride-on machine — Test enclosure (see 4.2.2.2.4)


Injection points(2) places


(750 + ± 50)2

BTC ØR =

FRONT

25 ±

5

If interference occurs between machine andtarget, move target to just clear

R

90°

45°



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Figure 14 — Three spindle ride-on machine — Test enclosure (see 4.2.2.2.4)

90°

45°

Injection points (3) places

FRONT

If interference occurs between machine andtarget, move target to just clear



(750 + ± 50)2

BTC ØR =

25 ±

5

R

R

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4.2.2.3.4 Test acceptance (pass/fail criteria)

4.2.2.3.4.1 Machines less than or equal to 1 200 mm width of cut

For each test (500 projectiles) not more than 30 projectiles shall hit the target panels between the base and the 450 mm line (lower and middle elevation area) of which not more than six may hit the target panels above the 300 mm line (middle elevation area). There shall be no hits above the 450 mm line (top elevation area).

Also, for pedestrian-controlled lawnmowers, there shall be not more than two hits allowed in the operator target area between the base and the 450 mm line.

4.2.2.3.4.2 Machines greater than 1 200 mm width of cut

The total number of hits allowed in accordance with 4.2.2.3.4.1 shall be 40. All other conditions of 4.2.2.3.4.1 shall apply.

4.2.2.3.4.3 Additional testing

In the event of a test failure, two additional identical machines shall be tested. If either of the additional machines fails a test, the model shall have failed the test.

4.2.2.4 Impact test


The machine shall be tested in the test enclosure described in 4.2.2.2.4. An example of a suitable impact test fixture is shown in Figure 15.

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Figure 15 — Example of suitable impact test fixture (see 4.2.2.4.1)

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The machine shall be positioned over a 30 mm � 3 mm (nominal) welded or seamless steel tube that has been placed in the test fixture (see Figure 15). The blade of the test machine shall be adjusted to the cutting height closest to 50 mm and shall be so positioned that when the tube is inserted into the path of the rotating blade, the blade will strike the exposed portion of the tube within 10 mm to 15 mm of the blade tip (see Figure 15). The tube shall be inserted once into the path of each blade assembly. A new piece of tube shall be used for each test.

The machine shall be run for 15 s, or until the impacted cutter stops or until the tube is severed.

Where it is not possible to insert the tube due to machine design, the machine shall be moved the minimum distance necessary to permit the tube to be inserted.

4.2.2.4.3 Test acceptance

No complete blade, blade-arm or disc on which it is mounted shall become detached nor shall any part of the machine pass through all layers of the wall of the fibreboard enclosure. Any breakage of the blade or blade retaining device shall be considered failure of the test. Breakage of a drive shearing device or chipping of the blade cutting edge shall not be deemed test failure.NOTE The test does not require that the machine be suitable for use after test.

4.2.2.5 Imbalance test


The machine shall be tested in the test enclosure described in 4.2.2.2.4. The test shall be conducted on a smooth hard level surface. Hover lawnmowers shall be tested on grass or a synthetic material equivalent to grass.


The blade imbalance shall first be determined by the formula:

I = 0,024L3

The calculated imbalance shall be created by removing material from, or adding it to, the blade until the desired imbalance is obtained.

The test shall be run for 1 h in the fibreboard enclosure for each blade assembly.

All blade assemblies of a multi-spindle machine shall be tested. All blade assemblies of a multi-spindle machine may be tested simultaneously or singly at the discretion of the manufacturer. A new machine may be used for each test.


The machine under test shall not lose any component necessary for compliance with the requirements of this standard nor shall any component or part of the machine pass through all layers of the wall of the fibreboard enclosure. If the test machine fails to complete the 1 h run but otherwise meets the requirements of this clause (e.g. spark plug lead failure), the machine may be repaired to complete the test run.NOTE The test does not require that the machine has to be suitable for use after test.

4.2.2.6 Foot probe test


The test fixture shall be a foot probe as illustrated in Figure 3.


The machine shall be placed on a hard flat surface. The guards or deflectors, or both, shall be in the normal operating position on the blade enclosure and the machine support members shall be in contact with the supporting surface. Hover lawnmowers shall be supported in the highest position they can reach under their normal working conditions.

whereI is the blade imbalance, in kilogram metres (kg�m); L is the diameter of the blade tip circle, in metres (m).



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Components such as wheels and frames, shall be considered as part of the blade enclosure for the purpose of this test. The test shall be conducted with the machine and the blade(s) stationary.

The tests shall be made with the blades in the highest and lowest cutting positions. If the blade path height is different at different blade speeds, the test shall be conducted so as to include the two extremes of blade height.

Whilst applying the probe its movements shall be limited as follows:

a) the base of the probe may be inclined forwards or backwards by up to 15�; and

b) the probe may be on or at any height above the supporting surface; and

c) the probe shall be applied with a horizontal force of 20 N or until the blade enclosure lifts from the original position whichever occurs first.

The probe shall be applied at any point of the discharge opening. The sides of any discharge chute shall be probed if these are less than 3 mm below the plane of the blade tip circle.

The probe shall be applied to the rear of all pedestrian lawnmowers as shown in Figure 3.

Except for machines fitted with a blade brake/clutch mechanism the probe shall be applied to the machine within an angle of 60� on either side of the direction of any starting position designated by the manufacturer which is not in the operator zone. The 60� angles shall have their vertices at the centre of rotation of the blade nearest to the operator.


The test probe shall not enter the path of the blade(s) assembly.

4.2.2.7 Structural integrity test for blade enclosure, guards and grass catcher (see 4.2.1.1 and 4.2.1.2)


4.2.2.7.1.1 Test fixture (see Figure 16)

The test fixture base shall consist of a steel plate of at least 1,5 mm thickness backed by a 19 mm plywood panel. The steel plate shall be large enough to extend at least 25 mm beyond the blade enclosure of the machine.

An air inlet hole shall be provided that is concentric with each blade tip circle with an approximate diameter, as given in Table 1.

Table 1 — Sizing of test fixture air inlet holes

The machine shall be constrained in a suitable manner such that its specified position relative to the injection point is maintained throughout the test. The constraint(s) shall not obstruct free passage of the projectiles from under the machine.

4.2.2.7.1.2 Injection points

The location of one injection point B shall be, for mulching lawnmowers at the 12 o’clock position as detailed in 4.2.2.3.1.3, and for non-mulching lawnmowers 25 mm inside the blade tip circle on a line BC which is 45� from a line AC, in a direction counter to the direction of blade rotation, where A is the centre of the discharge chute exit and C is the centre of the blade axis.

Ten injection points, equally spaced apart from point B and the centre C, of approximately 15 mm in diameter shall be used for the introduction of projectiles, or if preferred instead of using ten injection points the machine may be rotated in 36� increments from injection point B.

The injection tubes shall not protrude above the steel plate.


Lawnmower type Blade tip circle diameter (BTCD) Air inlet diameter

Non-mulching All 0,3 � BTCDMulching <635 BTCD � 127Mulching �635 0,8 � BTCD

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4.2.2.7.1.3 Projectiles

One hundred hardened (12,75 ± 0,25) mm diameter balls of steel, 45 HRC minimum (e.g. balls used as ball bearings) shall be used as the projectiles.

4.2.2.7.1.4 Injection method

Means shall be provided to inject the steel ball projectiles with variable velocity. Adjust the velocity with which the ball is injected so that the ball rises a minimum of 13 mm and a maximum of 300 mm above the cutting plane of the blade.


The machine to be tested shall be positioned on the steel plate with the blade axis C over the centre of the test panel. The blade(s) shall be set at the lowest adjustable cutting height but not less than 30 mm. If the maximum height of cut is less than 30 mm then the machine shall be tested when adjusted to its maximum height.

The 100 projectiles shall be divided into 10 lots of 10. One lot shall be injected through each of the 10 injection points.

The test shall be conducted once for each blade assembly.

A new machine housing may be used for each blade of a multi-blade machine.


The blade enclosure, guard or grass catcher shall be considered to have failed the test if any of the following occurs:

a) a hole in the blade enclosure, guard(s) or grass catcher(s) which has allowed the ball to pass through. A hole in a secondary enclosure, such as an internal baffle, shall not be considered a failure;

b) deformation of any part of the blade enclosure, guard(s) or grass catcher into the path of the blade;

c) the dislodging of the grass catcher or guard from its adapter;

d) the grass catcher or guard falling from its normal operating position.

In the event of a test failure, two additional identical machines shall be tested. If either of the additional machines fails a test, the model shall have failed the test.NOTE The test does not require that the machine has to be suitable for use after test.

4.2.3 Pedestrian-controlled rotary lawnmowers — Additional requirements

4.2.3.1 Handle construction

The lawnmower handle shall be fastened to the lawnmower so as to prevent loss of control by unintentional uncoupling from the machine while in operation.

4.2.3.1.1 Handle latches and handle length

Except in the handle park position (a temporary resting position for a freely pivoting handle which is usually just forward of the vertical), a positive means (latch or upper stop) shall be provided which cannot be unintentionally disengaged during normal operation of the lawnmower, and shall not allow the end of the handle adjacent to the operator to come nearer than 450 mm horizontally behind the nearest path of the lawnmower blade(s) during normal operation (see Figure 4).

For a freely pivoting handle, if a handle park position is provided, the handle shall automatically lock back into an operating position when the handle is moved into this position.



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Figure 16 — Structural integrity tests (see 4.2.2.7)



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4.2.3.2 Brake requirements and test method

4.2.3.2.1 General

A means shall be provided for stopping the machine’s motion in both forward and reverse directions if a force more than 220 N, applied at or below the centre of gravity and directly up the slope and parallel to it, is required to hold the machine on a 30 % (16,7�) slope.

Machines requiring additional braking means (e.g. service or parking brake system) shall be tested in accordance with 4.2.3.2.2 and 4.2.3.2.3.

The machine shall be equipped with the tyres offered by the manufacturer having the least tread area in contact with the test surface.

If steering-assist brakes are also used for service brakes it shall be possible to connect them in a way that they apply both brakes with equal force.

4.2.3.2.2 Service brake

4.2.3.2.2.1 Performance

The machine shall be equipped with a means capable of stopping its motion in both directions in a braking distance of 0,19 m for each 1 km/h.

4.2.3.2.2.2 Test method

Test stops shall be conducted on a substantially level (not to exceed 1 % gradient) dry, smooth, hard surface roadway of concrete (or equivalent test surface). When testing a machine with separate clutch and brake control means, the clutch shall be simultaneously disengaged with brake engagement. The test shall be carried out in both directions at the maximum ground speed attainable.

4.2.3.2.3 Parking brake

4.2.3.2.3.1 General

A parking brake shall be provided on machines requiring a service brake.

The parking brake may be in combination with the service brake.

An automatic parking brake, when provided, shall be activated when the operator presence control is released.

4.2.3.2.3.2 Performance

The parking brake shall hold the machine stationary on a 30 % (16,7�) slope when tested in accordance with 4.2.3.2.3.5. The force required to engage and unlock this means shall not exceed 220 N.

4.2.3.2.3.3 Brake test equipment

A 30 % (16,7�) slope with a coefficient of friction such that the machine does not slide down the slope.

4.2.3.2.3.4 Brake test conditions

The transmission shall be in neutral, the traction clutch disengaged, and the engine off.

4.2.3.2.3.5 Brake test procedure

The machine shall be positioned on the test slope with its parking brake engaged and locked. The machine shall be tested both with its front downhill and its rear downhill.

4.2.3.2.3.6 Brake test acceptance

The machine shall not move.

4.2.3.3 Trailing seat unit (sulky units)

4.2.3.3.1 Steering control

4.2.3.3.1.1 If a steering wheel is provided, clockwise rotation shall effect a right turn and counter-clockwise rotation shall effect a left turn.

4.2.3.3.1.2 If a hand-controlled clutch and/or brake-steering is provided, the right control shall effect a right turn and the left control shall effect a left turn.



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4.2.3.3.1.3 If steering is provided by articulation:

a) it shall comply with 4.1.8 in all operating situations, and shall not cause unstable displacement or trapping of the operator;

b) jack-knifing shall be prevented during reverse operation of the unit (e.g. by links, stops or operator presence control on the traction drive).

4.2.3.3.1.4 The steering mechanism shall not lock in any position

4.2.3.3.1.5 If individually controlled wheel brakes are provided to assist in steering, the brake control(s) shall meet one of the following requirements:

a) the control furthest to the right shall actuate the right brake and the one furthest to the left shall actuate the left brake;

b) if controlled by a single control, a clockwise movement of the control about its axis shall actuate the right brake and a counter-clockwise movement shall actuate the left brake.

4.2.4 Ride-on (riding) rotary machines — Additional requirements


4.2.4.1.1 General

Braking system requirements shall apply to the machine and lawnmower combination. All machines shall be tested with lawnmower attachments and cutter units adjusted to the most unfavourable position allowed by the manufacturer’s instructions. The machine shall be equipped with the tyres offered by the manufacturer having the least tread area in contact with the test surface.NOTE The service brake system may be provided by a hydrostatic drive.

4.2.4.1.2 Service brake system

4.2.4.1.2.1 Requirements

For machines with a maximum design speed up to 13 km/h, a means capable of stopping its motion, in both directions in a braking distance (see 3.2) of 0,19 m for each 1 km/h of the designed maximum speed, shall be provided.

For machine speeds greater than 13 km/h, use the formula:

S = 0,015v2

These requirements shall be met with the application of a maximum force of 600 N on the pedal, or 200 N on the centre of the grip area of the hand control.

The service brake system shall not rely for effectiveness on the position of other controls (e.g. gears).


Test stops shall be conducted on a substantially level (not to exceed 1 % gradient), dry, smooth, hard-surface roadway of concrete (or equivalent test surface). The test shall be conducted three times, and the mean value calculated. The test shall be carried out at the maximum speed attainable by the machine when adjusted according to the manufacturer’s specification. An operator who weighs (75 ± 5) kg and is (1,75 ± 0,05) m tall shall be seated on the machine during the test. The test shall be carried out in both forward and reverse directions of travel.

When testing a machine equipped with separate clutch and brake control means, the clutch shall be disengaged simultaneously with the brake engagement.

whereS is the braking distance in metres (m); v is the test speed in kilometres per hour (km/h).

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4.2.4.1.3 Parking brake system

4.2.4.1.3.1 Requirement

The machine shall be equipped with a parking brake system which will hold the machine in any direction when parked on a 30 % (16,7�) slope.


The test shall be conducted on a smooth, flat surface with a coefficient of friction such that the machine does not slide down the slope.

The transmission gear selection shall be in neutral with the engine shut off, and the slope shall be increased until an angle of 30 % (16,7�) is attained.

The tests shall be run with and without an operator who weighs (75 ± 5) kg and is (1,75 ± 0,05) m tall.

4.2.4.1.3.3 Test acceptance

The machine shall not move.

4.2.4.2 Stability requirements and test method

4.2.4.2.1 General

Stability determination and measurement shall be under static conditions with the following test requirements:

a) a mass of (75 ± 5) kg secured to the seat shall be used to simulate an operator. The centre of gravity of the mass shall be 150 mm above the lowest point of the operator supporting surface of the seat and 250 mm forward of the back of the seat. If the seat is adjustable, it shall be positioned in the most forward position when checking forward stability and in the most rearward position when checking rearward stability;

b) a strip of steel 1 mm thick, 50 mm wide and of length sufficient to extend beyond the tyre footprint shall be placed under each uphill tyre of the machine being tested;

c) for the stability test no ballast except as required by the manufacturer shall be added to the machine. Lawnmower attachments and cutter units shall be adjusted to the most unfavourable position allowed by the manufacturer’s instructions. Any tanks shall be filled to the most unfavourable condition allowed by the manufacturer’s instructions;

d) pneumatic tyres shall be inflated to the pressure recommended in the instruction handbook for normal operation;

e) all wheels shall be locked to prevent rotation about the axle, and the machine shall be loose-tethered, and secured to prevent sliding or tip-over. Steerable wheels and articulated machines shall be held in the straight-ahead position;

f) stability requirements shall apply for all tyre combinations on all wheel track-width settings approved by the machine manufacturer;

g) for machines which have both uphill wheels rigidly attached to the frame, if one wheel lifts off before the minimum tilt angle is reached for the test, it is allowable to place the steel strip under any one uphill tyre and repeat the test using two times the pull out force, i.e. 20 N (see 4.2.4.2.2).

4.2.4.2.2 Stability test procedure

4.2.4.2.2.1 General

Place the machine on a variable single-slope, plane, tilt table with the machine supported on its wheels. Sufficient friction shall be provided such that the machine does not slide down the slope. Tilt the table until lift-off occurs. Record the slope angle.NOTE Lift-off is when the steel strip can be removed sideways from under any of the (uphill) tyres with a force of 10 N or less.

Tests shall be conducted with the machine positioned as in 4.2.4.2.2.2 and 4.2.4.2.2.3.



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4.2.4.2.2.2 Longitudinal position

Position the machine on the table such that it is:

a) facing downhill; then

b) facing uphill.

4.2.4.2.2.3 Lateral position

Position the machine on the table such that it faces across the slope with:

a) right hand side downhill; then

b) left hand side downhill; or

c) if there is a more unfavourable orientation the lateral test shall be carried out in this position.

4.2.4.2.3 Test acceptance and limit of stability

4.2.4.2.3.1 Test acceptance

The angle at which lift-off occurs shall be not less than 20� in the lateral tests and 30� in the longitudinal tests.

4.2.4.2.3.2 Limit of stability

The smallest angle recorded in the tests of 4.2.4.2.2 shall be the limit of stability.

The maximum value of Y for 5.2.2 shall be 50 % of the limit of stability.NOTE A manufacturer can specify a lower Y value than that calculated above.

4.2.5 Towed units — Rotary lawnmowers

4.2.5.1 Hitches

Hitch devices with secure couplings shall meet the requirements of ISO 9190:1990, ISO 9191:1991, and ISO 9192:1991 as appropriate.

For towed units with an upward force at the hitch point a warning label shall be placed adjacent to the hitch equipment.

4.2.5.2 PTO’s, PTO drive-shafts to power source and guarding requirements

PTO’s, PTO drive shafts and their guarding shall meet the safety requirements of ISO 9193:1990, ISO 500:1991, EN 1152 and ISO 5673:1993 as applicable.NOTE A manufacturer may supply a non standard PTO for driving an exclusive attachment providing the safety requirements of the above standards are met.

4.2.5.3 Controls

Controls shall be positioned on the towed implement so that, when the propelling machine is turned or otherwise operated through its maximum operable limitations, neither the controls nor parts of the machine physically impinge on the operator zone in a hazardous manner.

4.3 Specific requirements for cylinder lawnmowers

4.3.1 General construction — Guarding

4.3.1.1 Cutting cylinders shall be guarded on both sides and from front and rear, so that it is not possible for a vertical test rod 50 mm in diameter and 500 mm in length, with its lower end in contact with the ground (supporting surface), to approach any portion of the cylinder blades within 10 mm when any grass catcher has been removed (see Figure 17).

4.3.1.2 Cutting cylinders shall be covered at the sides with guards extending at least as shown in Figure 18.

4.3.1.3 Cutting cylinders of free discharge and of rear discharge lawnmowers shall be covered from above with a guard that extends so that its projection on the horizontal plane covers at least the projection of the cylinder on the same horizontal plane, when any grass catcher has been removed (see Figure 19).

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Figure 17 — Guarding cylinders (see 4.3.1.1)

Test rod

10 min. 10 min.

Cutting cylinder



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Figure 18 — Side coverage of cylinders (see 4.3.1.2)


Minimum guard contour

15° max.

Cutting cylinder

25 m

ax.

Guard

Cutting cylinder



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4.3.1.4 Cutting cylinders of front discharge lawnmowers shall be covered from the rear with a guard that extends so that its projection on the vertical plane covers from the top of the cylinder to not more than 25 mm from the bottom (see Figure 20).NOTE 1 Free discharge denotes throwing out grass clippings without guiding or collecting.

NOTE 2 Rear discharge denotes throwing out grass clippings so that they will be collected in a grass catcher which is located behind the cylinder.

NOTE 3 Front discharge denotes throwing out grass clippings so that they will be collected in a grass catcher which is located in front of the cylinder.

4.3.2 Thrown grass, thrown objects, operator safety

4.3.2.1 Pedestrian-controlled cylinder lawnmowersNOTE Front discharge machines are not required to be tested.

Rear discharge and free discharge machines shall be fitted with a non-detachable guard which limits the throw line to a maximum height of 1 m in the vertical plane of the handle grips (see Figure 21). The throw line shall be the steepest line in a vertical plane, tangential to the periphery of the cutting cylinder in the direction of rotation of the cylinder which does not intersect a guard or other part of the lawnmower. Measurements shall be taken at the most unfavourable height of cut setting.

4.3.2.2 Ride-on cylinder lawnmowers

On free and rear discharge type machines the throw line shall not intersect the vertical plane at the front edge of the driver’s seat at a point higher than the seat upper surface. The seat shall be in its most unfavourable adjustment position and loaded with (75 ± 5) kg. It shall be ensured that this is satisfied for a width of 400 mm on both sides of the seat centre line.



Cutting cylinder Guard

25 m

ax.

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4.3.3 Pedestrian-controlled cylinder lawnmowers

4.3.3.1 Handle structure

4.3.3.1.1 The end of the handle adjacent to the operator shall be either at least 450 mm horizontally behind the rear vertical tangent of the cylinder, or 4.3.3.1.2 applies.

4.3.3.1.2 If the end of the handle adjacent to the operator is less than 450 mm horizontally behind the rear vertical tangent of the cylinder, the requirements of a foot probe test shall be fulfilled.

The foot probe (see Figure 3) shall be applied from the operating position side only, with the sole of probe held horizontally at any height and then tilted forward or backward up to 15� from the horizontal. The foot probe shall not contact the cutting cylinder.

4.3.3.2 Operator presence control

Pedestrian-controlled lawnmowers shall be fitted with a device on the control handle which will automatically stop cutting cylinder rotation when the operator’s hands are removed from the handle.NOTE This may be accomplished for instance by stopping the drive motor or by an intermediate cutting cylinder clutch/brake mechanism.

For restarting cutting cylinder rotation the control shall require two separate actions. If these actions are to be carried out by using the same hand then the actions shall be totally distinct to prevent accidental switch on.


The brake requirements and test method shall be in accordance with 4.2.3.2.

4.3.3.4 Trailing seat units (sulky units)

Trailing seat units shall be in accordance with 4.2.3.3.

4.3.4 Ride-on (riding) cylinder lawnmowers

4.3.4.1 Operator presence control

Ride-on machines shall be fitted with a device which will automatically stop the cutting cylinder rotation when the operator leaves the normal operating position. If the operator returns to the operator’s position before the cylinder has stopped, the cutting cylinder(s) may automatically resume operation. Cylinder starting shall require intentional reactivation by a means other than the operator presence control after stopping.



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The brake requirements and test method shall be in accordance with 4.2.4.1.

4.3.4.3 Stability requirements and test method

The stability requirements and test method shall be in accordance with 4.2.4.2.

4.3.5 Towed units — Cylinder lawnmowers

4.3.5.1 Hitches

Hitches shall be in accordance with 4.2.5.1.

4.3.5.2 PTO’s, PTO drive shafts to power source and guarding requirements

PTO’s, PTO drive shafts to power source and guarding requirements shall be in accordance with 4.2.5.2.

4.3.5.3 Controls

Controls shall be in accordance with 4.2.5.3.


Figure 21 — Cylinder mower — Throw line (see 4.3.2.1)

1000

max

.

Throw line

Handle end athighest position



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5 Information for use

5.1 Instruction handbook

5.1.1 Assembly, operational and maintenance instructions

Each machine shall be provided with an instruction handbook giving operating, servicing, and maintenance instructions that comply with 5.5 of EN 292-2:1991. The instructions shall include those operations which can normally be performed by the operator.

The instructions shall include:

a) instructions for the proper assembly of the machine for use, if the machine is not supplied in a completely assembled form;

b) instructions for proper adjustment of the machine, including a warning of the danger of rotating blade(s); for example, “Caution – Do not touch rotating blade”;

c) instructions for the operation of the machine, and where appropriate such items as:

1) instructions for de-energizing stored energy devices, such as spring-loaded mechanisms, engine cooling system and hydraulic systems including hydraulic accumulators;

2) information that hydraulic fluid escaping under pressure can have sufficient force to penetrate the skin and do serious damage and that immediate medical assistance be sought;

d) instructions for the recommended replacement of, or service attention to, critical components as identified by the manufacturer;

e) explanations of any pictograms that are used on the machine.

The instruction handbook and the technical documentation describing the machine shall:

— give the declared noise emission values of the machinery in accordance with 1.7.4f) of Annex A of EN 292-2:1991/A1:1995;— give reference to the noise test code specified in Annex H;— give the declared vibration values of the machinery in accordance with 3.6.3 of Annex A of EN 292-2:1991/A1:1995;— give reference to the vibration test code specified in Annex G.

5.1.2 Safety instructions

A manufacturer shall supply pertinent instructions with the equipment as follows:

a) for internal combustion engine machines: instructions as presented in Annex F;

b) for mains-connected electrically driven machines; instructions as given in Annex F, revised as necessary to conform with EN 60335 or other relevant CENELEC publications (when published);

c) for battery-powered machines (less than 42 V): instructions as given in Annex F, and in any relevant CENELEC/IEC publications (when published).

5.2 Minimum marking

5.2.1 All machines and mowing attachments shall be marked legibly and indelibly with the following minimum information:

— name and address of the manufacturer;— year of construction;— designation of series or type;— serial number, if any;— nominal power in kilowatts (if over 20 kW);— mass in kilograms (if over 25 kg).



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5.2.2 Marking provided for identification and directional or cautionary information shall satisfy the following requirements:

— a label shall have a durable bond with the base material surface or the marking shall be cast, embossed or stamped;— a label shall be water resistant and designed to be permanently legible;— a label shall not curl at the edges and legibility shall not be affected by fuel or lubricant.

Marking giving cautionary information shall be located as close as practicable to the relevant hazard. Such marking shall be in one of the official languages of the country in which the machine is to be sold or appropriate pictograms/symbols in contrasting colours shall be used. If the marking is cast, embossed or stamped, colours are not required.

A warning shall be located in a position easily visible to the operator, indicating (in words or pictograms/symbols):

“WARNING — Keep bystanders away. Read instruction handbook before operating this machine.”NOTE Examples of pictograms are given in Annex B.

Warnings to bystanders are not required.

For rotary lawnmowers if a grass catcher adapter is used instructions shall be affixed to the lawnmower near the discharge opening and to the grass catcher adapter stating that the lawnmower shall not be operated without either the entire grass catcher or the guard in place.

On ride-on machines a label shall be located in a position easily visible to the operator:

“WARNING — Do not use this machine on slopes greater than Y.”NOTE Y is calculated individually for each machine as in 4.2.4.2.3.2 and may be stated as degree of angle, percentage slope or ratio slope (e.g. 1:3).

5.2.3 All markings required by 5.2.2 shall be rubbed by hand for 15 s with a piece of cloth soaked in water and again for 15 s with a piece of cloth soaked in petrol. The marking shall remain easily legible. It shall not be easily possible to remove any label nor shall any label show any sign of curling.

5.2.4 For rotary lawnmowers the cutting means shall be marked to identify the part number and the manufacturer, importer or supplier.

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Annex A (normative)List of hazards

Table A.1 gives the list of hazards based on EN 292-1:1991 and EN 292-2:1991 and Annex A of EN 292-2:1991/A1:1995.

The meaning of the statements given in the last column (solutions given by this standard) of this table are:

— “not relevant”: the hazard is not significant for the machine;— “dealt with”: the hazard is significant; the measures given in the clauses indicated provide guidance for dealing with the hazard in accordance with the principles of safety integration of EN 292 which means:— elimination or reduction of the risk by design, as far as possible;— protection measures;— information for the residual risks;— “partly dealt with”: the hazard is significant for several parts of the machine. The measures given in the indicated clauses deal with this hazard for some of these parts. In the other parts where the hazard is significant, other measures, not included in this standard, will have to be applied in order to deal with this hazard;— “not dealt with”: the hazard is significant for the machine but has not been taken into account during the preparation of this European Standard.

Table A.1 — List of hazardsHazards Relevant clauses

(informative)Solutions given by this

standard

EN 292-1 EN 292-2

1 Mechanical hazards (caused for example by:

— shape;— relative location;— mass and stability (potential energy of elements);— mass and velocity (kinetic energy of elements);— inadequacy of the mechanical strength;— accumulation of potential energy by:

— elastic elements (springs); or— liquids or gases under pressure; or— vacuum of the machine parts or workpieces).

4.2 — —

1.1 Crushing hazard 4.2.1, 4.2.2 3.2 Dealt with in 4.1.8, 4.2.3.2, 4.2.4.2, 4.3.3.3, 4.3.4.2, 4.3.4.3

1.2 Shearing hazard 4.2.1, 4.2.2 3.2, 4.1.1 Dealt with in 4.1.1, 4.2.1.1, 4.1.11, 4.3.1, 4.3.3.2

1.3 Cutting or severing hazard 4.2.1, 4.2.2 3.2 Dealt with in 4.1.1, 4.1.8, 4.1.11, 4.2.1.1, 4.2.1.2, 4.2.1.3, 4.2.2.6, 4.2.3.1, 4.3.1, 4.3.3.1, 4.3.3.2, 4.3.4.1

1.4 Entanglement hazard 4.2.1, 4.2.2 — Dealt with in 4.1.1, 4.2.1.1, 4.3.1

1.5 Drawing-in or trapping hazard 4.2.1 3.11, 4.1.1, 6.1.2

Dealt with in 4.1.1

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Table A.1 — List of hazards (continued)Hazards Relevant clauses


standard

EN 292-1 EN 292-2

1.6 Impact hazard 4.2.1 — Dealt with in 4.1.1, 4.2.1.1

1.7 Stabbing or puncture hazard 4.2.1 — Dealt with in 4.1.1, 4.2.1.1

1.8 Friction or abrasion hazard 4.2.1 3.3b) Dealt with in 4.1.11.9 High pressure fluid injection hazard 4.2.1 — Dealt with in 4.1.51.10 Ejection of parts (of machinery and processed

material/workpieces) 4.2.2 3.8 Dealt with in 4.1.2,

4.2.1.1, 4.2.2.3, 4.2.2.4, 4.2.2.5, 4.2.2.7, 4.3.1, 4.3.2

1.11 Loss of stability (of machinery and machine parts)

4.2.2 3.3, 6.2.5 Dealt with in 4.1.8, 4.2.1.3, 4.2.4.2, 4.3.4.3, 5.2.2

1.12 Slip, trip and fall hazards in relationship with machinery (because of their mechanical nature)

4.2.3 6.2.4 Dealt with in 4.1.7, 4.2.3.1

2 Electrical hazards, caused for example by: 4.3 3.9 —2.1 Electrical contact direct 4.3 — Dealt with in 4.1.9 2.2 Electrostatic phenomena 4.3 — Not relevant 2.3 Thermal radiation or other phenomena such as

projection of molten articles and chemical effects from short circuits, overloads, etc.

4.3 — Not relevant

2.4 External influences on electrical equipment 4.3 3.4 Not relevant 3 Thermal hazards for instance resulting in: 4.4 3.6.3 —3.1 Burns and scolds, by a possible contact of

persons, by flames or explosions and also by the radiation of heat sources

4.4 — Dealt with in 4.1.3

3.2 Health-damaging effects by hot or cold work environment

4.4 — Not relevant

4 Hazards generated by noise, resulting for example in:

4.5 3.6.3 —

4.1 Hearing losses (deafness), other physiological disorders (e.g. loss of balance, loss of awareness)

4.5 Annex A, 1.5.8, 1.7.4f)

Dealt with in 4.1.13, 5.1

4.2 Interferences with speech communication, acoustic signals, etc.

4.5 Annex A, 1.5.8, 1.7.4f)

Dealt with in 4.1.13, 5.1

5 Hazards generated by vibration (resulting in a variety of neurological and vascular disorders)

4.6 Annex A, 1.5.9, 3.6.3

Dealt with in 4.1.12

6 Hazards generated by radiation, especially by: 4.7 — —6.1 Electric arcs — — Not relevant 6.2 Lasers — — Not relevant 6.3 Ionizing radiation sources 4.7 — Not relevant 6.4 Machines making use of high frequency

electromagnetic fields — — Not relevant

7 Hazards generated by materials and substances processed, used or exhausted by machinery for example:

4.8 3.3b) —

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Table A.1 — List of hazards (continued)Hazards Relevant clauses


standard

EN 292-1 EN 292-2

7.1 Hazards resulting from contact with or inhalation of harmful fluids, gases, mists, fumes and dusts

4.8 — Dealt with in 4.1.4, 4.1.5, 4.1.6, 4.1.9, 4.2.1.1

7.2 Fire or explosion hazard 4.8 — Dealt with in Annex F7.3 Biological and microbiological (viral or

bacterial) hazards 4.8 — Not relevant

8 Hazards generated by neglecting ergonomic principles in machine design (mismatch of machinery with human characteristics and abilities) caused e.g. by:

4.9 3.6 —

8.1 Unhealthy postures or excessive efforts 4.9 3.6.1, 3.6.4 Dealt with in 4.1.7, 4.1.8, 4.2.5.3, 4.3.5.3

8.2 Inadequacy with human hand-arm or foot-leg anatomy

4.9 3.6.9 Dealt with in 4.1.8

8.3 Neglected use of personal protection equipment 5.5 — Dealt with in 4.1.8, 4.2.1.2

8.4 Inadequate local lighting — 3.6.5 Not relevant8.5 Mental overload or underload, stress etc. 4.9 3.6.4 Not relevant8.6 Human errors 4.9 3.6 Dealt with in 4.2.2.59 Hazard combinations 4.10 — Not relevant 10 Hazards caused by failure of energy supply,

breaking down of machinery parts and other functional disorders e.g.:

5.2.2 3 —

10.1 Failure of energy supply (of energy and/or control circuits)

3.16 3.7 Not relevant

10.2 Unexpected ejection of machine parts or fluids — 3.8, 4 Dealt with in 4.1.5, 4.2.1.1, 4.2.2.3, 4.2.2.4, 4.2.2.6

10.3 Failure/disorders of control system (unexpected start up, unexpected overrun)

3.1.5, 3.1.6, 3.1.7

3.7 Dealt with in 4.1.8, 4.2.3.3

10.4 Errors of fitting — — Not relevant 10.5 Overturn, unexpected loss of machine stability 4.2.2 6.2.5 Dealt with in 4.2.4.2,

4.3.4.311 Hazards caused by (temporary) missing and/or

incorrect positioned safety related measures/means, e.g.:

— 4 —

11.1 All kinds of guards 3.22 4.2 Dealt with in 4.1.1, 4.1.2, 4.2.1.1, 4.2.1.2, 4.2.2.6, 4.3.2

11.2 All kinds of safety related (protection) devices 3.23 4.2 Dealt with in 4.1.1, 4.1.8, 4.1.11, 4.2.1.2, 4.2.1.3, 4.2.2.6, 4.3.1, 4.3.2, 4.3.3.2, 4.3.4.1

11.3 Starting and stopping devices (for cutters) — 3.7 Dealt with in 4.1.1, 4.1.8, 4.1.10, 4.2.1.3, 4.3.4.1

11.4 Safety signs and tags — 3.6.7, 5.2, 5.3, 5.4

Dealt with in 4.1.1, 4.2.1.2, 5.2

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Table A.1 — List of hazards (concluded)Hazards Relevant clauses


standard

EN 292-1 EN 292-2

11.5 All kinds of information or warning devices — 5.4 Dealt with in 4.1.8.1.1, 5.1.1, 5.1.2, 5.2

11.6 Energy supply disconnecting devices — 6.22 Dealt with in 4.2.1.311.7 Emergency devices — 6.1 Dealt with in 4.1.1011.8 Feeding/take-off means of workpieces — 3.11 Not relevant 11.9 Essential equipment and accessories for safe

adjusting and/or maintaining 3.3, 3.11 3.12, 6.2.1,

6.2.3, 6.2.6 Dealt with in 5.1.1

11.10 Equipment evacuating gases, etc. — — Dealt with in 4.1.9Mobility hazards — — —

12.1 Start/movement of machine — — Dealt with in 4.1.8, 4.2.3.3, 4.3.3.4

12.2 Travelling — — Partly dealt with in 4.1.11, 4.2.3.3, 4.3.3.4

12.3 Stop/movement of machine — — Dealt with in 4.2.3.2, 4.2.4.1, 4.3.3.3, 4.3.4.2

12.4 Stability — — Dealt with in 4.2.4.2, 4.3.4.3

12.5 Towing — — Dealt with in 4.2.5.1, 4.3.5.1

12.6 P.T.O — — Dealt with in 4.2.5.2, 4.3.5.2

12.7 Signalling — — Dealt with in 4.1.8.1.1



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Annex B (informative)Examples of pictograms that may be used for lawnmower marking

B.1 Read operator’s manual

B.2 Keep bystanders away

Figure B.1 — Pictogram illustrating “read operator’s manual”

B.3 — Pictogram illustrating “keep bystanders away”



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Annex C (normative)Corrugated fibreboard penetration tests on rotary lawnmowers — Test enclosure wall target panels (see 4.2.2.2.4.2)

C.1 Purpose

The purpose of these tests is to provide a means of selecting a uniform target panel material for thrown object tests on rotary lawnmowers.

C.2 Test fixture

The test fixture shall be in accordance with Figure C.1.

C.3 Fibreboard samples

Fibreboard shall be cut into squares of 150 mm per side.

C.4 Procedure

Immediately before and after the lawnmower tests five samples of the fibreboard shall be tested and the requirements of C.5 shall be met.

Place a fibreboard square centrally on the bottom plate. The square may be secured at the edges by tape or adhesive. Cover with the steel top plate and make sure that the centre holes of the top and bottom plates are aligned and that the fibreboard is flattened by the top plate.

Raise the penetrator to the recommended height as shown in Figure C.1, and allow to fall on to the fibreboard samples.

C.5 Acceptance criteria

The spherical end of the penetrator shall not penetrate completely through the test sample more than two out of five drops when dropped 300 mm.

The spherical end of the penetrator shall penetrate completely through the test sample in at least four out of five drops when dropped 400 mm.NOTE If the penetrator penetrates the fibreboard more than the allowed number of times permitted by the acceptance criteria when dropped 300 mm, add sufficient sheets of Kraft paper to the target face of the fibreboard in order to meet penetration requirements.



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Figure C.1 — Test fixture for corrugated fibreboard penetration test

Ø 6,35 ± 0,2 Steel rod

Penetrator mass 0,25 kg ± 0,005

Guide tube vertical ± 2°

Support tube

Dro

p he

ight

Hole Ø 50 ± 0,320 x 150 x 150steel top plate

Fibreboard sample

6,35 x 150 x 150steel bottom plate

Add extra kraft paper here

Base

SØ 6,35 ± 0,2

Ø 4 ± 0,1

10 m

in.

1030

app

rox.



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Annex D (normative)Target panel elevation areas and suggested data sheet for thrown object test (see 4.2.2.3)

D.1 Target elevation areas (see Figure 9)

D.1.1 Lower elevation target

The lower elevation target shall be the area between the base and the 300 mm line.

D.1.2 Middle elevation target

The middle elevation target shall be the area between the 300 mm and the 450 mm lines.

D.1.3 Top elevation target

The top elevation target shall be the area above the 450 mm line to the top of the 900 mm target.

D.1.4 Operator target area (pedestrian lawnmowers only)

The width of the operator target area shall be as specified in 4.2.2.3.1.1 and the height extend from the base to the top of the 2 000 mm high Kraft paper target.

D.2 Suggested data sheet

The format shown in Figure D.1 allows for counting hits after lots of 100 projectiles, and summarizing the results at the bottom of the sheet. Use of lots is at the option of the tester.

Manufacturer: ......................................................... Model: ..................................... Size: ..............................Type : ride-on/pedestrian controlled: discharge location.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................Power : petrol/battery/mains electric..................................................................................................................Blades — number: ................................................... r/min:................................................................................



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Sector Lot Elevation area Operator (Rear) Other (Front/Sides) Total hits

1 Top1) Middle Lower





Test summary Top1) Middle Lower All areas

1) Top includes the 900 mm to 2 000 mm high Kraft paper panel of the operator target area for pedestrian lawnmowers only.

Figure D.1 — Example of data sheet for thrown object test



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Annex E (normative)Test enclosure (see 4.2.2.4)

E.1 Base

The test fixture base shall consist of 19 mm plywood covered with 500 mm squares of coconut matting nailed to the plywood with nails spaced as shown in Figure E.1 (see also Figure E.2).NOTE Squares are used so that, should wear develop, the worn area can be replaced without replacing the entire test surface.

The minimum base size shall be 1,55 m larger than the cutting width and 1,5 m larger than the distance between the forward edge of the leading blade tip circle and the rear edge of the trailing blade circle Figure 13 and Figure 14.

The coconut matting shall have approximately 20 mm high fibres embedded in a PVC base weighing approximately 7 000 g/m2.

E.2 Target composition

A single target panel (see Figure E.3) can be of any of the following, that meet penetration tests specified in Annex C:

a) a single sheet of corrugated fibreboard;

b) a single sheet of corrugated fibreboard with extra sheets of Kraft paper added in front of the target face;

c) two sheets of corrugated fibreboard stacked together.

The fibreboard construction may have two or three liners and have one or two flutes.

The Kraft paper shall be of nominal 225 g/m2 construction which conforms to ISO 2758:1983.NOTE The 900 mm to 2 000 mm high target panel in the top operator target area for pedestrian-controlled lawnmowers comprises only a single thickness of Kraft paper.



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NOTE Dimensions shown are approximate. Figure E.1 — Nail plan of test fixture base

50050

0

3 x 1503

x 15

025

25



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Figure E.2 — Object test fixture — Base detail

Coconut matting (500 x 500 squares)

Plywood base Injection tube Nail

2019



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Figure E.3 — Test enclosure walls and base

Corrugated fibreboard, oneor two layers as needed

Coconut matting base(see figures E.1 and E.2)

Plywood base

Target edges fit snugly to testsurface to prevent balls fromescaping beneath edge of board

Kraft paper, used as needed

Machine test side

900

± 4

Outside

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Annex F (normative)Safety instructions — Rotary lawnmowers (pedestrian and ride-on) — Cylinder lawnmowers (pedestrian and ride-on) (see 5.1.2)

F.1 General

This annex presents safe operating practices for all machine types. The instruction handbook shall include, where appropriate, the substance of the following clauses of this annex.

The instructions shall also include information concerning vibration levels and any necessary relevant warnings.

F.2 Safe operation practices for pedestrian-controlled rotary lawnmowers

F.2.1 Training

a) Read the instructions carefully. Be familiar with the controls and the proper use of the equipment.

b) Never allow children or people unfamiliar with these instructions to use the lawnmower. Local regulations can restrict the age of the operator.

c) Never mow while people, especially children, or pets are nearby.

d) Keep in mind that the operator or user is responsible for accidents or hazards occurring to other people or their property.

F.2.2 Preparation

a) While mowing, always wear substantial footwear and long trousers. Do not operate the equipment when barefoot or wearing open sandals.

b) Thoroughly inspect the area where the equipment is to be used and remove all objects which can be thrown by the machine.

c) WARNING — Petrol is highly flammable:

— store fuel in containers specifically designed for this purpose;— refuel outdoors only and do not smoke while refuelling;— add fuel before starting the engine. Never remove the cap of the fuel tank or add petrol while the engine is running or when the engine is hot;— if petrol is spilled, do not attempt to start the engine but move the machine away from the area of spillage and avoid creating any source of ignition until petrol vapours have dissipated;— replace all fuel tanks and container caps securely.

d) Replace faulty silencers.

e) Before using, always visually inspect to see that the blades, blade bolts and cutter assembly are not worn or damaged. Replace worn or damaged blades and bolts in sets to preserve balance.

f) On multi-bladed machines, take care as rotating one blade can cause other blades to rotate.

F.2.3 Operation

a) Do not operate the engine in a confined space where dangerous carbon monoxide fumes can collect.

b) Mow only in daylight or in good artificial light.

c) Avoid operating the equipment in wet grass, where feasible.

d) Always be sure of your footing on slopes.

e) Walk, never run.

f) For wheeled rotary machines, mow across the face of slopes, never up and down.

g) Exercise extreme caution when changing direction on slopes.

h) Do not mow excessively steep slopes.

i) Use extreme caution when reversing or pulling the lawnmower towards you.

j) Stop the blade(s) if the lawnmower has to be tilted for transportation when crossing surfaces other than grass, and when transporting the lawnmower to and from the area to be mowed.



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k) Never operate the lawnmower with defective guards, or without safety devices, for example deflectors and/or grass catchers, in place.

l) Do not change the engine governor settings or overspeed the engine.

m) Disengage all blade and drive clutches before starting the engine.

n) Start the engine or switch on the motor carefully according to instructions and with feet well away from the blade(s).

o) Do not tilt the lawnmower when starting the engine or switching on the motor, except if the lawnmower has to be tilted for starting. In this case, do not tilt it more than absolutely necessary and lift only the part which is away from the operator.

p) Do not start the engine when standing in front of the discharge chute.

q) Do not put hands or feet near or under rotating parts. Keep clear of the discharge opening at all times.

r) Never pick up or carry a lawnmower while the engine is running.

s) Stop the engine and disconnect the spark plug wire:

— before clearing blockages or unclogging chute;— before checking, cleaning or working on the lawnmower;— after striking a foreign object. Inspect the lawnmower for damage and make repairs before restarting and operating the lawnmower;— if lawnmower starts to vibrate abnormally (check immediately).

t) Stop the engine:

— whenever you leave the lawnmower;— before refuelling.

u) Reduce the throttle setting during engine shut down and, if the engine is provided with a shut-off valve, turn the fuel off at the conclusion of mowing.

v) Go slow when using a trailing seat.

F.2.4 Maintenance and storage

a) Keep all nuts, bolts and screws tight to be sure the equipment is in safe working condition.

b) Never store the equipment with petrol in the tank inside a building where fumes can reach an open flame or spark.

c) Allow the engine to cool before storing in any enclosure.

d) To reduce the fire hazard, keep the engine, silencer, battery compartment and petrol storage area free of grass, leaves, or excessive grease.

e) Check the grass catcher frequently for wear or deterioration.

f) Replace worn or damaged parts for safety.

g) If the fuel tank has to be drained, this should be done outdoors.

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F.3 Safe operation practices for ride-on (riding) rotary machines

F.3.1 Training

See F.2.1, a) to d) and:

a) do not carry passengers;

b) all drivers should seek and obtain professional and practical instruction. Such instruction should emphasize:

— the need for care and concentration when working with ride-on machines;— control of a ride-on machine sliding on a slope will not be regained by the application of the brake. The main reasons for loss of control are:

i) insufficient wheel grip;ii) being driven too fast;iii) inadequate braking;iv) the type of machine is unsuitable for its task;v) lack of awareness of the effect of ground conditions, especially slopes;vi) incorrect hitching and load distribution.

F.3.2 Preparation

See F.2.2.

F.3.3 Operation

a) Do not operate the engine in a confined space where dangerous carbon monoxide fumes can collect.

b) Mow only in daylight or in good artificial light.

c) Before attempting to start the engine, disengage all blade attachment clutches and shift into neutral.

d) Do not use on slopes of more than Y.NOTE Y is calculated as in 4.2.4.2.3.2.

e) Remember there is no such thing as a safe slope. Travel on grass slopes requires particular care. To guard against overturning:

— do not stop or start suddenly when going up or downhill;— engage clutch slowly, always keep machine in gear, especially when travelling downhill;— machine speeds should be kept low on slopes and during tight turns;— stay alert for humps and hollows and other hidden hazards;— never mow across the face of the slope, unless the machine is designed for this purpose.

f) Use care when pulling loads or using heavy equipment:

— use only approved drawbar hitch points;— limit loads to those you can safely control;— do not turn sharply. Use care when reversing;— use counterweight(s) or wheel weights when suggested in the instruction handbook.

g) Watch out for traffic when crossing or near roadways.

h) Stop the blades rotating before crossing surfaces other than grass.

i) When using any attachments, never direct discharge of material toward bystanders nor allow anyone near the machine while in operation.

j) Never operate the machine with defective guards, or without safety protective devices in place.

k) Do not change the engine governor settings or overspeed the engine. Operating the engine at excessive speed can increase the hazard of personal injury.



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l) Before leaving the operator’s position.

— disengage the power take-off and lower the attachments;— change into neutral and set the parking brake;— stop the engine and remove the key.

m) Disengage drive to attachments, stop the engine, and disconnect the spark plug wire(s) or remove the ignition key:

— before clearing blockages or unclogging chute;— before checking, cleaning or working on the machine;— after striking a foreign object. Inspect the machine for damage and make repairs before restarting and operating the equipment;— if the machine starts to vibrate abnormally (check immediately).

n) Disengage drive to attachments when transporting or not in use.

o) Stop the engine and disengage drive to attachment:

— before refuelling;— before removing the grass catcher;— before making height adjustment unless adjustment can be made from the operator’s position.

p) Reduce the throttle setting during engine run-out and, if the engine is provided with a shut-off valve, turn the fuel off at the conclusion of mowing.


See F.2.4 and:

a) on multi-bladed machines, take care as rotating one blade can cause other blades to rotate;

b) when machine is to be parked, stored or left unattended, lower the cutting means unless a positive mechanical lock is used.

F.4 Safe operation practices for pedestrian-controlled cylinder lawnmowers

F.4.1 Training

See F.2.1.

F.4.2 Preparation

See F.2.2, a) to d).

F.4.3 Operation

See F.2.3, a) to k), m), n), r,) u), v) and:

a) do not change the engine governor settings or overspeed the engine. Operating an engine at excessive speed can increase the hazard of personal injury;

b) do not put hands or feet near rotating parts while the lawnmower is being operated;

c) stop the engine and disconnect the spark plug wire:

— before checking, cleaning or working on the lawnmower;— after striking a foreign object. Inspect the lawnmower for damage and make repairs before restarting and operating the lawnmower;— if the lawnmower starts to vibrate abnormally (check immediately);

d) stop the engine:

— whenever you leave the lawnmower;— before refuelling;— before clearing blockages.



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See F.2.4 and:

a) be careful during adjustment of the machine to prevent entrapment of the fingers between moving blades and fixed parts of the machine.

F.5 Safe operation practices for ride-on (riding) cylinder lawnmowers

F.5.1 Training

See F.3.1.

F.5.2 Preparation

See F.2.2, a) to d).

F.5.3 Operation

See F.3.3, a) to l), n), p) and:

a) stop the engine and disengage drive to attachments:

— before refuelling;— before removing grass catcher/catchers;— before making height adjustment unless adjustment can be made from the operator’s position;— before clearing blockages;— before checking, cleaning or working on the lawnmower;— after striking a foreign object. Inspect the lawnmower for damage and make repairs before restarting and operating the equipment.


See F.2.4 and:

a) be careful during adjustment of the machine to prevent entrapment of the fingers between moving blades and fixed parts of the machine;

b) on multi-cylinder machines, take care as rotating one cylinder can cause other cylinders to rotate.

Annex G (normative)Vibration

G.1 Quantities to be measured

The values measured shall be:

— weighted r.m.s acceleration according to 3.1 of EN 1033:1995 for hand-arm vibration and 4.3 of EN 1032:1996 for the whole-body vibration;— maximum operating engine/motor speed obtainable (see 3.19). Sealed adjustments shall not be moved when checking the maximum operating speed.

G.2 Instrumentation

G.2.1 General

Tachometers shall have an accuracy of +2,5 %. For specification of other instrumentation see clause 4 of EN 1033:1995 for the hand-arm vibration measurement, and see clause 5 of EN 1032:1996 for the whole body vibration measurement.



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G.2.2 Fastening of transducer

For fastening the transducer, 4.2 of EN 1033:1995 shall apply. For the whole body vibration, 5.2 of EN 1032:1996 shall apply. If a resilient coating is being used between the hand and vibration structure (for example, a cushioned handle or steering wheel), it is permissible to use a suitable mounting for the transducer (for example, a thin suitably formed metal sheet) placed between the hand and the surface of the resilient material. In either case, care shall be taken that the size, shape and mounting of the transducer or of the special transducer support does not significantly influence the transfer of vibration to the hand. Care shall also be taken when mounting the transducer that the transfer function is flat up to 1,5 kHz for all three directions.

G.2.3 Calibration

Calibration shall be in accordance to 4.7 of EN 1033:1995 for the hand-arm vibration and be in accordance to 5.6 of EN 1032:1996 for the whole-body vibration.

G.3 Measurement direction and measurement location

G.3.1 Measurement direction

Measurements shall be made simultaneously for the three (3) directions x, y and z (see Figure G.1 for pedestrian controlled and Figure G.2 for ride-on).

G.3.2 Measurement location

A maximum of two transducers shall be used for hand-arm vibration and one for whole-body vibration. The transducer(s) for the hand-arm vibration measurements shall be placed where an operator holds the steering device(s) according to Figure G.1 or Figure G.2. The transducer for the whole-body vibration measurement shall be placed according to 4.2 EN 1032:1996.

G.4 Test procedure

G.4.1 Determination of working procedure

Measurements shall be carried out on a new, normal production machine featuring standard equipment with the machine provided by the manufacturer.

The machine shall be maintained and serviced in accordance with the manufacturers instructions. Before the test is commenced the engine shall be run with the cutting means engaged until stable conditions are reached.

For electrical powered machines the rated voltage or the upper limit of the rated voltage range and/or frequency shall be maintained during the test at 0,98 to 1,02 times the stated values. The supply voltage of mains powered machines is measured at the plug of the cable or cord supplied, not at the plug of any extension cable or cord. Battery powered machines shall be powered by an external power source maintained at the nominal voltage of the battery.

The hands of the operator shall be in the designated gripping area, close to the transducer. The operator shall be in the normal operating position. Tyre pressures shall be in accordance with the manufacturer’s specifications. When the machine is designed to be operated with a grass catcher, the measurement shall be carried out with this configuration. The grass catcher shall be empty. The fuel tank shall be full. The machine shall be tested with all attachments provided for by the manufacturer.

The measurements shall be carried out with an operator who shall be 1,75 m ± 0,05 m tall. Additionally, for ride-on machines, the operator shall weigh 75 kg ± 5 kg.NOTE The vibration measurements are influenced by the operator. He should therefore be familiar with the normal operation of the machine (see 3.22).



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Keya = 100

Figure G.1 — Examples of transducer location/orientation (pedestrian controlled machines)



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Key1 Machine front

Figure G.2 — Examples of transducer location/orientation for hand-arm vibration (ride-on machines)



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G.4.2 Hand-arm vibration

Testing shall be carried out with the machine stationary and at the maximum operating engine speed.

G.4.2.1 Pedestrian controlled machines

Adjustable handles of pedestrian controlled machines shall be set to suit the operator. The cutting height shall be set to 30 mm or the next higher cutting position when set on a hard level surface. Machines with a maximum cutting height setting of 30 mm or less shall be set at their maximum height setting. Measurements shall be carried out on a surface in accordance with Annex E.1.

G.4.2.2 Ride-on machines

If the seat and the steering devices of ride-on machines are adjustable they shall be set to suit the operator.

G.4.3 Whole body vibration

Whole-body vibration measurement shall be carried out with the machine travelling in a straight line at a speed closest to 6 km/h on a level freshly cut lawn. The height of cut shall be set at the lowest position.NOTE The results of this test will not necessarily be representative of the conditions of use and are likely to under-represent the vibration level that could be met. The whole-body vibration surface will be reviewed at the next revision taking into account ongoing research.

G.5 Measurement procedure

For each transducer position a series of five tests shall be carried out using one operator.NOTE 1 Issues such as validity of test and number of test operators are to be considered for future revision in the light of experience gained using the present test method.

Each reading shall be obtained from a signal time suitable for the test equipment being used. Duration of the test shall not be less than 8 s.NOTE 2 An equivalent level of accuracy may be achieved by using a shorter duration than 8 s. In this case equivalence of the results should be justifiable.

Measurement for the three directions shall be made simultaneously.

G.6 Determination of the measurement result

G.6.1 Hand-arm

The measurement result of each hand position shall be determined as the arithmetic mean over the ah,w values of each test. If a single figure is quoted it shall be the higher of the two.

G.6.2 Whole body

The measurement result shall be determined as the arithmetic mean over the ah,w values of each test.



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Annex H (normative)Noise test code — Engineering method (grade 2)

H.0 Scope

This noise test code specifies the information necessary to carry out efficiently and under standardized conditions the determination of the noise emission characteristics of pedestrian controlled and ride-on lawn mowers.

Noise emission characteristics include the emission sound pressure level at the operator position and the sound power level. The determination of these quantities is necessary for:

— manufacturers to declare the noise emitted;— comparing the noise emitted by machines in the family concerned;— purposes of noise control at the source at the design stage.

The use of this noise test code ensures reproducibility of the determination of the noise emission characteristics within specified limits determined by the grade of accuracy of the basic noise measurement method used. Noise measurement methods allowed by this standard give results with grade 2 of accuracy.

H.1 Sound power level determination

For the determination of sound power level, EN ISO 3744:1995 shall be used subject to the following modifications:

— the reflecting surface shall be replaced by an artificial surface or by natural grass which complies with H.3. Reproducibility of results using natural grass is likely to be lower than that required for grade 2 of accuracy. In the case of dispute, measurements shall be carried out in the open air and on the artificial surface;— the measurement surface shall be a hemisphere with a radius, ri which depends on the width of cut of the machine under test and which shall be:

a) r = 4 m for machines with a width of cut up to 1,2 m;b) r = 10 m for machines with a width of cut exceeding 1,2 m;

— the microphone array shall be six microphone positions as defined in Figure H.1 and Table H.1;— environmental conditions shall be within the limits specified by the manufacturers of the measuring equipment. The ambient air temperature shall be in the range from 5 �C to 30 �C and the wind speed shall be less than 8 m/s and preferably less than 5 m/s;— for measurements in the open air K2A = 0;— for measurements indoors the value of K2A, determined without artificial surface and in accordance with Annex A of EN ISO 3744:1995, shall be � 2 dB, in which case K2A shall be disregarded.



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Dimensions in metres

Keyr = radius of hemisphere

Figure H.1 — Microphone positions on the hemisphere (see Table H.1)



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Table H.1 — Co-ordinates of microphone positions

H.2 A-weighted emission sound pressure level determination

For the determination of the A-weighted emission sound pressure level, EN ISO 11201:1995 shall be used subject to the following modifications:

— the reflecting surface shall be replaced by an artificial surface or by natural grass which complies with H.3. Reproducibility of results using natural grass is likely to be lower than that required for grade 2 of accuracy. In the case of dispute, measurements shall be carried out in the open air and on the artificial surface;— environmental conditions shall be within the limits specified by the manufacturers of the measuring equipment. The ambient air temperature shall be in the range from 5 �C to 30 �C, and the wind speed shall be less than 8 m/s and preferably less than 5 m/s;— the microphone shall be head mounted 200 mm ± 20 mm from the median plane of the head on the louder side and in line with the eyes. The operator shall stand or sit upright and look straight ahead. The microphone shall be aimed with its axis of maximally flat response (as specified by the manufacturer) pointing forwards and at an angle of 45� downwards from the horizontal. The operator shall wear a helmet on which the microphone may be attached. The helmet shall be of a shape so that its outer edge is at least 30 mm closer to the head than the microphone. The operator shall be 1,75 m ± 0,05 m tall.

H.3 Requirements for test floor

H.3.1 Artificial surface

The artificial surface shall have absorption coefficients as given in Table H.2, measured in accordance with EN ISO 354:1993.

Table H.2 — Absorption coefficients

The artificial surface shall be placed on a hard, reflecting surface and have a size of at least 3,6 m � 3,6 m placed at the centre of the test environment. The construction of the supporting structure shall be such that the requirements for the acoustic properties are also met with the absorptive material in place. The structure shall support the operator to avoid compression of the absorbing material.NOTE See Annex I for an example of a material and construction which can be expected to fulfil these requirements.

H.3.2 Natural grass

The test environment shall be covered, at least for the horizontal projection of the measurement surface used, with high-quality natural grass. Before the measurements are taken, the grass shall be cut with a mower to a height of cut as near as possible to 30 mm. The surface shall be clean of grass clippings and debris and shall be visibly free of moisture, frost or snow.

Position no. xr

yr

z

1 +0,7 +0,7 1,5 m2 –0,7 +0,7 1,5 m3 –0,7 –0,7 1,5 m4 +0,7 –0,7 1,5 m5 –0,27 +0,65 0,71 r6 +0,27 –0,65 0,71 r

FrequenciesHz

Absorption coefficients Tolerance

125 0,1 ±0,1250 0,3 ±0,1500 0,5 ±0,1

1 000 0,7 ±0,12 000 0,8 ±0,14 000 0,9 ±0,1



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H.4 Installation, mounting and operating conditions

Measurements shall be carried out on a new, normal production machine featuring standard equipment as provided by the manufacturer. If a grass catcher is provided or available for the machine from the manufacturer, it shall be fitted and empty.

For cylinder (reel) mowers, the rotating cutting cylinder(s) and/or the stationary cutting edge(s) shall be adjusted using one of the following two procedures, which shall be mentioned in the test report, such that:

— either a sheet of Kraft paper, as defined in ISO 4046:1978, with a grammage (substance) of 80 g/m2 is cut at least along 50 % of the width of cut; or— the gap between moving and stationary blades at standstill does not exceed 0,15 mm over the whole width of cut when checked with calibrated strip gauges.

Blades and knives of cylinder (reel) mowers shall be lubricated with SAE 20/50 grade oil.

If the maximum height of cut of the machine is greater than 30 mm, the height of cut shall be adjusted to the lowest position provided, but not lower than 30 mm. If the maximum height of cut of the machine is less than 30 mm, the height of cut shall be adjusted to the highest position provided. The height of cut shall be adjusted with the machine resting on a hard, flat surface.NOTE For cylinder (reel) mowers, care should be taken to avoid overheating the blades by operating continuously (without cutting grass) and therefore appropriate interruptions for cooling and lubrication should be introduced.

a) For engines, the engine shall be run-in and warmed up until stable conditions are reached before the test is commenced. The carburettor and ignition shall be set and the cutting devices lubricated according to the instructions of the manufacturer.

b) For electric motors supplied from mains, the machine shall be run until stable conditions are reached before the test is commenced. The rated voltage or the upper limit of the rated voltage range and/or frequency shall be maintained during the test at 0,98 to 1,02 times the stated values. The supply voltage of mains powered machines is measured at the plug of the cable or cord supplied, not at the plug of any extension cable or cord.

c) For electric motors supplied from batteries, noise measurements shall be started with fully charged batteries as specified by the manufacturer but shall not be continued when the battery voltage under load drops to lower than 0,9 times the battery voltage under load at the beginning of the measurements for lead-acid batteries, or to lower than 0,8 times for other batteries. The battery voltage shall be measured at the battery terminals.

During the test the cutting means shall be engaged and unloaded.

The test shall be carried out at the maximum operating engine speed (see 3.19).

An engine/motor speed indicator shall be used to check the speed of the engine/motor. It shall have an accuracy of ±2,5 % of the reading. The indicator and its engagement with the lawnmower shall not affect the operation during the test.

For the sound power level determination, machines shall be measured by placing them on the surface in such a way that the projection of the geometrical centre of their main parts (excluding handle, grass catcher, ..etc) coincides with the origin of the coordinate system of the microphone positions. If an artificial surface in accordance with H.3 is used, it shall be placed so that its geometrical centre also coincides with the origin of the coordinate system of the microphone positions. The longitudinal axis of the machine shall be on the x axis. The measurement shall be carried out without an operator.

For the sound pressure level determination, adjustable features (e.g. handle height, seat position) shall be set to suit the operator.

H.5 Measurement uncertainties and declaration of noise emission values

When measuring the emission sound pressure level at the operator position, tests shall be repeated to attain the required grade of accuracy, and until three consecutive A-weighted results give values within not more than 2 dB. The arithmetic average of these shall be the measured A-weighted emission sound pressure level of the machine.

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The uncertainties associated with the measurements shall be taken into account when deciding on the declared noise emission values.NOTE The methodology used for taking uncertainties into account should be based on the use of measured values and measurement uncertainties. The latter are the uncertainty associated to the measurement procedure (which is determined by the grade of accuracy of the measurement method used) and the production uncertainty (variation of noise emission from one machine to another of the same type made by the same manufacturer).

H.6 Information to be recorded and reported

The information to be recorded and reported is that required by EN ISO 3744:1995 and EN ISO 11201:1995.

Annex I (informative)Example of a material and construction fulfilling the requirements for an artificial surface

I.1 Material

Mineral fibre, 20 mm thick, having an airflow resistance of 11 kN.s/m4 and a density of 25 kg/m3.

I.2 Construction

As is shown in Figure I.1, the artificial flooring of the measurement site is sub-divided into nine joint planes, each of approximately 1,20 m � 1,20 m. The backing layer of the construction as shown in Figure I.1 consists of chipboard, 19 mm thick, coated with a plastics material on both sides. Such boards are used, for example, for the construction of kitchen furniture. The cut edges of the chipboards should be protected against moisture by applying a coat of plastic paint. The outsides of the flooring are bordered by a two-legged aluminium section, its leg height being 20 mm. Sections of this profile material are also screwed to the edges of the joint planes where they serve as spacers and attachment points.

On the middle joint plane on which the machine is placed during measurement as well as any other place on which the operator can get to stand on, aluminium T-sections with a leg length of 20 mm are mounted as spacers. These sections also provide exact markings which facilitate the alignment of the machine in the middle of the measurement site. The prepared boards are then covered with the insulating felt material cut to size.

The felt flooring of the joint planes which are neither stood on nor driven over (type A surface in Figure I.1) are covered with a simple wire mesh fastened to the edge strips and to the attachment points; for this purpose, the sections should be provided with holes. Thus, the material is adequately attached, but it remains possible to replace the felt material should it become soiled. As a wire mesh, a so-called aviary wire with a mesh width of 10 mm and a wire diameter of 0,8 mm has proved to be suitable. This wire appears to protect the surface adequately without affecting the acoustic conditions.

Protection by simple wire mesh is not, however, sufficient in the area subjected to traffic (type B surface in Figure I.1). For these surfaces, the use of wire grating of corrugated steel wire with a diameter of 3,1 mm and a mesh width of 30 mm has proved to be suitable.

The construction of the measurement site as described above offers two advantages: it can be prepared without much time and effort, and all the materials are easily obtainable.

The fact that the microphone positions are not situated directly above the flooring of the measurement site allows the microphones to be easily mounted on stands, assuming that the ground is even and hard as, for example, an asphalt or concrete site.

When arranging the microphones, account has to be taken of the fact that the height of the microphones has to be determined in relation to the surface of the flooring of the measurement site. It shall, therefore, be 40 mm higher when measuring from the ground under the microphone.



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Key

“A”“B”abcdef

This surface is not suitable to carry weight. Do not stand on or drive overThis surface is suitable to carry weight. May be stood on or driven overBacking layer of plastics coated chipboard (nominally 19 mm thick)Mineral wool fibre layer (nominally 20 mm thick)Aluminium T-sections (nominally 3 mm thick � 20 mm high)Aluminium U-sections (nominally 3 mm thick � 20 mm high)Wire mesh (nominally 10 mm � 10 mm mesh made of 0,8 mm diameter steel wire)Wire grating (nominally 30 mm � 30 mm mesh made of 3,1 mm diameter steel wire)

NOTE Unless otherwise stated, all dimensions are approximate

Figure I.1 — Sketch of the measurement surface covered with an artificial surface (not to scale)

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Annex ZA (informative) Clauses of this European Standard addressing essential requirements or otherprovisions of EU Directives

This European Standard has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association and supports essential requirements of EU Directives:

— machinery Directive 89/392/EEC;— its amendments 91/368/EEC and 93/44/EEC;— low voltage directive 73/23/EEC.

WARNING — Other requirements and other EU Directives may be applicable to the product(s) falling within the scope of this standard.

Compliance with this standard provides one means of conforming with the specific essential requirements of the Directive concerned and associated EFTA regulations.



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Bibliography

[1] CR 1030-1:1995, Hand-arm vibration — Guidelines for vibration hazards reduction — Part 1: Engineering methods by design of machinery.

[2] EN ISO 11691:1995, Acoustics — Measurement of insertion loss of ducted silencers without flow — Laboratory survey method (ISO 11691:1995).

[3] EN ISO 11820:1996, Acoustics — Measurements on silencers in situ (ISO 11820:1996).

© 28 November 200178yright British Standards Institution vided by IHS under license with BSI



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Garden equipment — Powered lawnmowers — Safety · BS EN 836:1997 This British Standard, having been prepared under the direction of the Engineering Sector Board, was published