Garage wastes management Handling and disposal wastes management — Handling and disposal DRS 368: 2017 ©RSB 2017 All rights reserved ii In order to match with technological development

Reference number

DRS 368: 2017

© RBS yyyy

© RSB 2017

RWANDA STANDARD

DRS

368

First edition

2017-mm-dd

Garage wastes management — Handling and disposal

DRS 368: 2017

©RSB 2017 All rights reserved ii

In order to match with technological development and to keep continuous progress in industries, Standards are subject to periodic review. Users shall ascertain that they are in possession of the latest edition

© RSB 2017

All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without prior written permission from RSB.

Requests for permission to reproduce this document should be addressed to

Rwanda Standards Board

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Tel. +250 252 586103/582945

Toll Free: 3250

E-mail: [email protected]

Website: www.rsb.gov.rw

mailto:[email protected]

http://www.rsb.gov.rw/

DRS 368: 2017

iii ©RSB 2017 All rights reserved

Contents Page

1 Scope ............................................................................................................................................. 1

2 Normative references ................................................................................................................... 1

3 Terms and definitions .................................................................................................................. 1

4 Requirements ................................................................................................................................ 2 4.1 General provisions ....................................................................................................................... 2 4.2 Onsite storage .............................................................................................................................. 2 4.3 Garage wastes classification ...................................................................................................... 3 4.3.1 Hazardous wastes ........................................................................................................................ 3 4.3.2 Recyclables and general wastes ................................................................................................ 6 4.3.3 Scrap metals ................................................................................................................................. 6 4.4 Wastes segregation ...................................................................................................................... 7 4.5 Wastewater .................................................................................................................................... 7

5 Transportation .............................................................................................................................. 7

Annex A (informative) Chemical and material composition of tyres .................................................. 8 A.1 Material composition.................................................................................................................... 8 A.2 Chemical composition ................................................................................................................. 8

Annex B (informative) Potential risk of waste tyres mismanagement ................................................ 9 B.1 Risk due to uncontrolled open-air burning................................................................................ 9 B.2 Risk due to controlled stockpiling or landfilling ....................................................................... 9

DRS 368: 2017

©RSB 2017 All rights reserved iv

Foreword

Rwanda Standards are prepared by Technical Committees and approved by Rwanda Standards Board (RSB) Board of Directors in accordance with the procedures of RSB, in compliance with Annex 3 of the WTO/TBT agreement on the preparation, adoption and application of standards.

The main task of technical committees is to prepare national standards. Final Draft Rwanda Standards adopted by Technical committees are ratified by members of RSB Board of Directors for publication and gazettment as Rwanda Standards.

DRS 368 was prepared by Technical Committee RSB/TC 013, Environment, Health and Safety.

DRS 368: 2017

v ©RSB 2017 All rights reserved

Committee membership

The following organizations were represented on the Technical Committee on Environment, Health and Safety (RSB/TC 013) in the preparation of this standard.

Best Garage Ltd

Garage ATECAR

Garage WEIKL

Imperial Garage

Ministry of Trade and Industry (MINICOM)

National Company of Tubes (SONATUBE Ltd)

Prime Auto Care Garage

Pure Pro

Ruliba Clay Ltd

Rwanda Garage Association (RGA)

SORWATHE Ltd

Star Construction & Consultancy (SCC)

The Integrated Polytechnic Regional Centre/Kigali (IPRC-Kigali)

University of Rwanda / College of Sciences and Technology (UR-CST)

Water and Sanitation Corporation Ltd

Rwanda Standards Board (RSB) – Secretariat

DRS 368: 2017

©RSB 2017 All rights reserved vi

Introduction

Sites such as garages generate significant amounts of hazardous waste that should be disposed of appropriately. The majority of waste from garages can be recycled (used tyres, metal parts, etc.). Hazardous waste from garage may include: Used oil, transmission and brake fluids, solvents, cleaning agents, paints and thinners, batteries, abrasive grit blast media. Additionally, garages can generate a huge quantity of wastewater in which waste oil can be mixed and present a danger to the natural environment. based on that noxious characteristic, those waste require adequate collection and handling by competent garage wastes handlers.

This standard gives appropriate way of garage waste collection, classification and how they shall/should be managed in order to minimize risks to human health and the environment, hence making those waste a source of revenue.

DRS 368: 2017

1 ©RSB 2017 All rights reserved

Garage wastes management — Handling and disposal

1 Scope

This Draft Rwanda Standard provides requirements for safe garage wastes handling which includes proper collection, sorting and transportation for safe reuse, recover, recycling, further treatment and disposal. It also provides minimum guidelines for garage wastes handling.

2 Normative references

The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.

RS 181, Solid waste — Handling, collection, transportation and disposal — Code of practice

RS 276-1, Electrical and electronic waste — Handling — Code of Practice

RS 276-2, Electrical and electronic waste —Treatment and disposal — Code of Practice

RS 109, Water quality — Discharged industrial wastewater — Requirements

RS 183, Occupational health and safety — Management systems — Requirements

3 Terms and definitions

For the purposes of this standard, the following terms and definitions apply.

3.1 garage

establishment/workshop under garage status in which motor vehicles are repaired, serviced, bought, and sold, and which usually sells motor fuels and spare parts

3.2 garage operator owner or a person in charge of operations occurring in a garage

3.3 waste oil any petroleum-based or synthetic oil that has been used, and as a result of such use, is contaminated by physical or chemical properties hence become unsuitable for its original purpose due to the presence of impurities or loss of original properties

©RSB 2017 All rights reserved 2

3.4 hazardous waste any substances whether solid, liquid or gaseous that cause a serious harm to human health, security and other biodiversity together with the quality of the environment

3.5 disposal any operation which does not lead to recycling, recovery or reuse and includes physic-chemical, biological treatment, incineration and disposal in secured landfill

3.6 waste tyre new, used, retreated, un-roadworthy tyre, not suitable to be retreated, repaired, or sold as part worn tyre and not fit for its original intended use

3.7 wastewater used water arising from any combination of domestic, industrial, commercial or institutional activities, surface runoff and any sewer inflow/infiltration water and which can include collected storm water

4 Requirements

4.1 General provisions

4.1.1 Any garage shall have a well-established system to manage solid and liquid wastes produced within its premises and keep records.

4.1.2 Storm water diversion works shall be constructed and maintained on a continuous basis.

4.1.3 The garage operator has the responsibility to ensure that his/her wastes are handled and disposed of with proper care. In case garage wastes are managed by a private service provider, the garage operator shall have a written agreement for the collection and management of his/her wastes with a carrier approved by a competent authority in charge of wastes management.

4.2 Onsite storage

4.2.1 Garage wastes pending disposal shall be collected and stored on site according to their classification as provided in this standard, clause 4.3.

4.2.2 Garage waste classified as hazardous shall be stored in a place specially designed, labelled and dedicated for them to avoid any contamination of other types of waste.

NOTE Using the same area for the storage of hazardous wastes and other types of waste could cause cross-

contamination which would complicate their management.

4.2.3 Onsite storage areas shall be:

a) designed to retain any spilled liquid products and not allowing any infiltration;

DRS 368: 2017


b) covered with a roof to avoid contact between stored materials and rainwater; and

c) only accessible to the staff in charge and not allowing the access of animals and minimizing the proliferation of the insects.

4.3 Garage wastes classification

4.3.1 Management of garage wastes require an attentive separation whereby they are classified into three categories:

a) hazardous wastes;

b) recyclable and general wastes; and

c) metals (scrap metals).

4.3.2 Particular attention shall be paid to ‘wastewater generated from car washing services.

4.3.1 Hazardous wastes

4.3.1.1 The main hazardous wastes generated in garages are:

a) waste oil, oil filters and solid oily wastes (rags and sawdust);

b) lead acid batteries;

c) coolants and brake fluids; and

d) paints

4.3.1.2 Collection and transportation of hazardous wastes from garage shall only be done by a licensed person having a permission for collection and transportation of hazardous wastes from a recognized competent

authority.

4.3.1.3 Handlers of hazardous wastes shall wear complete protective garments in accordance with RS 183.

4.3.1.1 Waste oil

4.3.1.1.1 All waste oil generated at the garage shall be collected and stored in a specific container (above the ground) that is leak-proof, corrosion-resistant, fire resistant and non-reacting to waste oil. If underground storage is used, it shall be in a steel tank and allow monitoring.

4.3.1.1.2 The waste oil storage tank or container shall be tightly and securely capped and water contact minimized.

4.3.1.1.3 Mixing different types of waste oils shall be avoided to prevent incompatible mixtures.


4.3.1.1.4 Containers of such waste shall not be overfilled to avoid inappropriate dispersal of waste. Such containers shall be clearly labelled to indicate the nature of waste (e.g. with the words “used oil”).

4.3.1.1.5 In case of spills/leaks, cotton, rags or sawdust shall be used for cleaning instead of water.

4.3.1.1.6 The Garage service operator is responsible for ensuring that the used oil is sent to a waste management facility approved to accept this class of waste by a national regulatory authority in charge of wastes management.

NOTE As a general practice, garage operators are encouraged to send used oil from garages to re-refining facilities

for the protection of the environment and conservation of resources.

4.3.1.1.7 Waste oil shall not be used in combustion systems unless specific approval to do so is given by an authority in charge of environmental protection.

4.3.1.1.8 The garage operator shall prevent the entry of oil into sewer systems, drains and the natural environment.

4.3.1.2 Solid oily wastes (rags and sawdust) and oil filters

4.3.1.2.1 Oily solid waste (rags and saw dust) shall never be thrown into the regular rubbish. They shall be stored separately in a drum and treated as a hazardous waste.

4.3.1.2.2 Filters shall be drained as much oil as possible and they shall be stored separately and handled as a hazardous waste.

4.3.1.3 Coolants and brake fluids

4.3.1.3.1 Along with waste oil; coolants and brake fluid wastes are hazardous, and their management shall respect the requirements provided in 4.3.1.1.

4.3.1.3.2 Coolants and brake fluid wastes shall not be disposed of by dumping them on the ground, into a storm drain and municipal sewerage system or into a septic system.

NOTE Brake fluid is flammable and poisonous. Putting any used brake fluid in a sealed and dedicated container until

it can be properly disposed of is a good practice. The example of brake fluid disposal is the same with the disposal of all

automotive fluids.

4.3.1.4 Waste paints

4.3.1.4.1 Paints and materials contaminated with paint shall be considered hazardous as they are frequently flammable and present a fire hazard and be handled as such.

4.3.1.4.2 The management of waste paints shall respect the following points:

DRS 368: 2017


Do not mix different types of paints or solvents.

Pouring liquid waste paints down the drain or into the bin shall be avoided, appropriate container for onsite storage shall be used.

Make sure containers are sealed and do not leak.

label the container with a description of content.

Place waste paints in the designated and covered area for pick-up.

4.3.1.4.3 Manufacturer instruction on disposal of wastes paints and empty containers shall be respected.

4.3.1.4.4 It is the responsibility of garage operator to make sure that waste paints are disposed of via a licensed waste facility.

4.3.1.4.5 Any transportation of wastes paints and their container shall be in accordance with national laws and regulations on hazardous wastes transportation.

4.3.1.5 Waste batteries

4.3.1.5.1 Waste batteries shall be handled by a waste battery reclaiming facility approved by the competent authority.

4.3.1.5.2 Due to their particular hazardous characteristic, batteries shall be treated according to their types and separately from other types of wastes.

4.3.1.5.3 The treatment of batteries shall demonstrably recover the useful components of adequate purity and such treatment shall include measures to prevent any kind of pollution.

4.3.1.5.4 On-site storage shall be in a single layer (stacking increases the risk of short circuits and acid leaks).

4.3.1.5.5 Those waste batteries should be equipped with secondary containment that is resistant to acid (such as polyethylene)

4.3.1.5.6 On site storage areas should be curbed or otherwise designed to retain any acid that may leak.

4.3.1.5.7 Waste batteries when transported offsite for further treatments, shall be in a leak proof container that is acid-resistant.

4.3.1.6 Tyres

4.3.1.6.1 Tyres are designed and built to last and as such be not naturally degradable and difficult to treat. Landfilling of waste tyres shall be avoided or minimized.

Note a tyre contains about 1.5 % by weight of hazardous substances: including but not limited to carbon black, Cadmium, Copper compounds, Zinc compounds, Lead and Lead compounds, Acidic solutions or acids in solid form and

Organo-halogen compounds).


4.3.1.6.2 Tyres recycling and reuse should be encouraged

4.3.1.6.3 any modification for the use of waste tyres in civil engineering and other applications shall be physical without the need for a chemical process in which the structure (thermosetting materials) is broken. It can be used whole or chipped.

4.3.1.6.4 Disposal of whole tyres or their landfilling where waste tyres are in contact with rainwater shall be avoided. Tyres should be chipped and kept in a covered place.

4.3.1.6.5 Before recovering the energy potential of waste tyres or disposing of a waste tyre at a waste disposal facility, garage operator shall investigate the options of reusing or recycling waste tyres.

4.3.1.6.6 Uncontrolled incineration or burning of waste tyres in an open space shall be prohibited. burning waste tyres for energy recovery shall be subjected to EIA and other environmental impact studies.

4.3.1.6.1 Waste tyre storage

4.3.1.6.1.1 Waste tyres storage shall be accepted only if other means for its reuse and recycling are not feasible.

4.3.1.6.1.2 Waste tyres storage area or facility shall not be sited on wetlands, flood plains, ravines, canyons, on steeply graded surfaces or anywhere else where they may pose a significant environmental or fire risk.

4.3.1.6.1.3 The site shall be flat with a concrete or hard packed clay surface that is designed to capture and contain water runoff.

4.3.2 Recyclables and general wastes

Handling, collection, transportation and disposal of garage’s recyclables and general wastes shall be in accordance with the provisions of RS 181. This excludes any waste that may has been in contact or contaminated by any hazardous waste from garage as described in this standards (clause 4.3.1).

NOTE Recyclable wastes from garage may consist of wastes assimilated to domestic wastes but not contaminated by

hazardous materials.

4.3.3 Scrap metals

4.3.3.1 Metals/scraps shall be recycled, reused and shall not be landfilled or dumped.

NOTE Recycling includes lead recycling, copper recycling and precious metals recycling.

4.3.3.2 After sorting of metal fractions, they shall be sent to metal recovery facilities.

DRS 368: 2017


4.4 Wastes segregation

4.4.1 Garage wastes shall be collected separately in respect of their waste nature and classes as provided in clause 4.3.

4.4.2 Segregation of garage waste shall also be in accordance with the provisions of RS 181 RS 276-1 and RS 276-2 where applicable.

4.5 Wastewater

4.5.1 Wastewater from garages shall undergo treatment process before its final disposal into the environment.

4.5.2 Grease and oil shall be trapped and removed from the wastewater stream prior its treatment.

4.5.3 If the effluent from garage(s) are discharged into common effluent treatment or municipal sewerage system, the effluent shall meet the requirements of the receiving treatment plant.

4.5.4 The effluent from the above stated treatment shall comply with the provisions of RS 109 before its discharge to the municipal sewerage system or to the other receiving environment.

5 Transportation

5.1 Transportation of wastes from garage shall be in accordance with national laws and regulations pertaining to the transportation of hazardous wastes as well as those of other solid and liquid wastes.

5.2 Transportation modalities provided in RS 181, RS 276-1 and RS 276-2 shall be respected.

5.3 Garage wastes shall be transported separately in accordance with their classification.


Annex A (informative)

Chemical and material composition of tyres

A.1 Material composition

Approximately 80% of the weight of car tyres and 75 % of truck tyres is rubber compound. The composition of the tyres produced by different manufacturers are very similar.

Table A.1 Comparison of material composition of passenger car and truck tyres.

Material Passenger Car Truck

Rubber /Elastomers 47% 45%

Carbon black* 21,50% 22%

Metal 16,50% 25%

Textile 5,50% --

Zinc oxide 1% 2%

Sulphur 1% 1%

Additives 7,50% 5%

* Part of the carbon black may be replaced by silica in certain types of tyres

A.2 Chemical composition

Tyres contain about 1.5% by weight of elements or compounds listed in Table A.2 as per the Basel Convention. These are encased in the rubber compound or present as an alloying element

Table A.2 Convention hazardous waste constituents

Chemical Name Remarks Content ( % weight)

Copper Compounds Alloying constituent of the metallic reinforcing

material ( Steelcord) Approx. 0.02 %

Zinc Compounds Zinc Oxide, retained in the rubber matrix Approx. 1 %

Cadmium On trace levels, as Cadmium compounds

attendant substance of the Zinc Oxide Max. 0.001 %

Lead, Lead Compounds On trace levels, as attendant substance of the

Zinc Oxide Max. 0.005 %

Acidic solutions or acids in solid form Strearic acid, in solid form Approx. 0.3 %

Organohalogen compounds Halogen butyl rubber (tendency: decreasing) Content of halogens max.

0.10 %

DRS 368: 2017


Annex B (informative)

Potential risk of waste tyres mismanagement

B.1 Risk due to uncontrolled open-air burning

Uncontrolled open-air burning is not an environmentally sound or acceptable management practice. Such practices can release potentially hazardous levels of carbon monoxide and mono – and polyromantic hydrocarbon in the smoke plume. After open-air burning, organic compounds, like pyrolytic oils, rest in the soil and can cause environmental damages to the flora and fauna.

B.2 Risk due to controlled stockpiling or landfilling

Under certain specifically defined climatic conditions waste tyre dumps or stockpiles can become the breeding grounds for insects, such as mosquitoes, which are capable of transmitting diseases to humans. This is of particular concern in tropical or sub-tropical regions


Bibliography

[1] RURA, Directives on minimum requirements for liquid waste disposal and treatment, 2009

[2] Basel convention, Technical Guidelines on the Identification and Management of Used Tyres, 1999

DRS 368: 2017

ICS 13.030.99

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Documents

Garage wastes management Handling and disposal wastes management — Handling and disposal DRS 368: 2017 ©RSB 2017 All rights reserved ii In order to match with technological development