GANGTOK Slum Free City Plan of Action

The capital city of the state of Sikkim

Largest city with a total population of 100,086 in 2011

Accounts for about 65% of the total urban population of Sikkim

Population increased from 29,354 in 2001 to 100,086 in 2011

Besides, natural increase and net in-migration, this phenomenal

population increase in last decade is also due to revision of city

boundary.

The total area under Gangtok Municipal Corporation is 19.63 sq. km

Population density in Gangtok municipal area is 52 persons / ha.

Total number of wards in the city is 15

Percentage of slum population to total population is 23.51%

Percentage of slum households to total households is 25.60%

GANGTOK An Introduction

GANGTOK: Slum Free City Plan of Action Initiation Stage

INITIATION Sharing

Slum Situation

Finalizing Slum Definition

Based on Gazette Notification of 2003

Meeting with various stakeholders,

(Duration : FEB ’12 to May ’13)

Visit to all slums

by HUDCO Team(Duration : Nov ’12

to May ’13)

Resolution of ULB/ concerned state

government dept.for preparation of Slum free City Plan

Stakeholder Identification

Establishment of RAY technical Cell

GANGTOK: Slum Free City Plan of Action Defining Slum

“A slum is a cluster of compact settlements of 5 or more households which generally grow very unsystematically and haphazardly in an unhealthy condition and atmosphere on government and private vacant land. Slums also exist in the owner based household premises.”

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GANGTOK: Slum Free City Plan of Action Preparatory Stage

FINALIZATION OF LIST OF SLUMS WITH LOCATION AND SLUM BOUNDARIES

SOCIO-ECONOMIC HOUSEHOLD SURVEY of SLUMSSpatial distributionDemographic featuresSocio-economic conditions Physical infrastructure

GIS MAPPING Review of the Existing Spatial Data Satellite ImageGe-referencing spatial data and

information

MISHoisting data in designated Govt. of India website

DIALOGUE WITH BENEFICIARIES FOR AWARENESS & CONSENSUS BUILDING

Card Issued to Households after Conducting Household level socio-economic Survey

GANGTOK: Slum Free City Plan of Action Slum Situation: Assessment

58 Total Number of Slums

12 Notified Slums

46 Non- notified Slums

78% slum population in notified slums

23580 Total Slum Population

6085 Total Slum Households

6 Slums with no. of HHs <5

1.15 sq. km Area Under Slums

205 p/ha Average Density in Slums

75.86% Slums in Private

Land 8.28%% BPL HHs in Slums

GANGTOK: Slum Free City Plan of Action Slum Situation: Assessment

70% Pucca slum houses

3 slums with no pucca house

79% Slum HHs are ‘rented’

occupants

79% HHs have access to tap water

within premises 12No. of Slums in Chandmari

ward (highest)

4961Slum population in Arithang (maximum)

1316Total No. of HHs in the biggest

slum – Slaughter House

GANGTOK: Slum Free City Plan of Action Slums in Gangtok R

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GANGTOK: Slum Free City Plan of Action Slums in Gangtok

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GANGTOK: Slum Free City Plan of Action Slums in Gangtok U

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GANGTOK: Slum Free City Plan of Action Slums in Gangtok

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GANGTOK: Slum Free City Plan of Action The Challenges

No. of slums appears to be limited (58), but proportion of

slum households to total households is 23.51% which is much

higher than the national average of 17% as per Census 2011.

The slums are scattered all over the city but in varying

degrees. 38 out of 58 slums and for 69% of the total slum

households are in core areas.

Percentage of slum population varies from 2.63% of total

population in the Daragaon Ward to 61.58% of the population

(Diesel Power House).

Most of the slums are of small, when expressed in terms of

no. of HHs in slums.

The BPL HHs to slum households around 8%.

Most of the slums are in private land.

Most of the slum HHs are ‘rented’ occupants.

Limited Land supply for residential development by public

agencies

Constrained land supply due to hostile / incompatible terrain.

GANGTOK: Slum Free City Plan of Action Tenability Analysis

Guiding Principle:

Sustainable and pro-people interventions without compromising the ‘larger’ interest of environment, ecology or city development.

Un-tenability status primarily assigned to only those slums that poses a threat to the life of the inhabitants by virtue of it being located in sites vulnerable to natural disasters or ecologically fragile.

Tenability defined based on composite score of vulnerability to hazards like earthquake, landslide, slope & flash flood.

Slums falling in the last two categories i.e. Medium High and Very High have been recommended as “Untenable”.

GANGTOK: Slum Free City Plan of Action Tenability Analysis

Based on the composite score derived from vulnerability to multiple natural disasters, each slum has been categorized into following vulnerability categories:

Low Medium Low Medium Medium High Very High.

Slums falling in the last two categories i.e. Medium High and Very High have been recommended as “Untenable”.

Multi hazard map is based on micro level data and that slums return composite score of more than one category. In such cases, the category that has the maximum percentage area is taken as the deciding category for that slum.

GANGTOK: Slum Free City Plan of Action Tenability Analysis

No. of households and population in slums assigned ‘untenable’ status accounts only 1.3 and 1.5 % of slum HHs and population respectively.

Additional land requirement for slum free city is minimal

Small size being small, affected population can be accommodated in redevelopment sites within the same ward.

5 Untenable

slums based on vulnerability to natural disaster

1Untenable

slum due to land

ownership

363Total

population living in

Untenable Slums

GANGTOK: Slum Free City Plan of Action Prioritization of Slums

List of Chosen for Indicators Prioritization 

Socio-Economic Vulnerability :– % of unemployed population to total population in the slum (1.5)– % of HHs with monthly income less than Rs. 3000/-, to total

households in the slum (4)– % age of Illiterate population to total population in the slum (1.5)– % of BPL HHs to total households in the slum (2)– % age of ST+SC HHs to total households in the slum (0.5)

 Housing Vulnerability :– % of Kutcha Dwelling Units to totals DUs in the slum (6)– % of Semi-pucca Dwelling Units to totals DUs in the slum (6)

 Infrastructure Vulnerability :– % of HHs without Tap water to total households in the slum (3)– % HHs engaged in Open Defecation to total HHs in the slum (1.5)– % of HHs with access to Kutcha Roads to total HHs in the slum (1)– % HH not connected to drainage facilities to total HHs in the slum

(1.5)– % HHs connected to sewerage facilities to total HHs in the slum (1.5)– Availability of street light facility within the slum (1)

GANGTOK: Slum Free City Plan of Action Prioritization of Slums

First Priority Slums: score value of 2 and 3 in all three parameters. The most vulnerable being slum with 3 X 3 X 3 score e.g. Kanchan Colony and Dui Mile.

Second Priority Slums: Score value 2 and 3 for housing and infrastructureand1 for economic status. 20 slums in this category.

Third priority slums: Slums that registers score value 1 in at least one parameter. There are 20 slums in this category. Slum Star Hall and Chandmari have a matrix score of 1 X 1 X 1 implying they are the least vulnerable in terms of socio-economic, housing & infrastructure index.

Final Range Code 1: Capable Final Range Code 2: Medium

    Final Range Code 3: Vulnerable

GANGTOK: Slum Free City Plan of Action Prioritization of Slums: Refinement

Criteria for refinement of slum prioritization All slums in Govt. land irrespective of the department is considered as first priority.

All slums that required ‘relocation’ due to tenability status :-

Vulnerable / prone to multiple hazards

The relocation plan can be combined with the redevelopment plans of listed slums in the same ward

Except the slum ‘Beside Bhanugram,’ in Arithang ward all are in Government land

All slums in ‘private’ land has been categorized in Second and Third Priority based on the Vulnerability Index value to allow ‘preparatory’ phase to finalize the development options and strategies

GANGTOK: Slum Free City Plan of Action Development Options

Challenges for implementing development options: Private Land Non-Sikkimese

migrant occupant. Unwillingness of the

landlords to pay & participate in development interventions.

Unwillingness of the tenants to participate due to insecurity of tenure.

Requires Consensus Building % Capacity enhancement.

GANGTOK: Slum Free City Plan of Action Estimated Investment Requirement

GANGTOK: Slum Free City Plan of Action Preventive Strategy

Creation of Adequate Housing Stock

Absolute shortage is NIL in

GMC area The current housing

shortage calculated based

on katcha & obsolescent

houses are 2399 . Population projected for

2025 is 1,48,006. Total DUs requirement by

2025 is 37006 based on avg.

HH size. Total DUs requirement for

EWS category by 2025 is

estiomated to be 4254 units.

(@ 33% of the total Housing

Stock).

Challenges towards Housing Supply

Nature of land unsuitable for residential development.

Fragile environment and terrain that limits the possibility of high rise high density development.

Substantial number of slums are in ‘forest’ land limiting the possibility of regularization.

Stringent land laws

Restrictive ownership laws.

Absence of public agency in supply of housing

20-25% Land reservation for EWS & LIG with a system

of cross subsidization

Implementation of Rent Control Act

Enactment of user Charges

To secure Credit from Bank & Financial Institutions

To create Shelter Fund

Introduce & Implement State Housing and Habitat

Policy

Formulation of Apartment Ownership Act and

Cooperative housing act

Enforcement of safety standards in buildings Enforcement of proper site selection and usage of earthquake resistant features in buildings to prevent loss of housing stock in natural occurrence.

GANGTOK: Slum Free City Plan of Action Necessary reforms

A new Planning or Development Authority under the control

of UD & H Deptt. may be formed as an autonomous bBody for

development of the Greater Gangtok Area.

UD & H Deptt., Govt. of Sikkim will act as a facilitator.

Devolution of power as per 74th Constitutional Amendment to

the Gangtok Municipal Corporation.

SUDA to be structured for taking up Slum Improvement &

Relocation works in Gangtok in association with other

implementing agencies.

SHDB may be revived for undertaking formal layout based

housing project.

Land Assembly Cell should be established.

Regional study to be done at macro level for assessing the

Regional vulnerability and understand the extent of carrying

capacity of city of Gangtok.

GANGTOK: Slum Free City Plan of Action Recommendations for Institutional Arrangements

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