G8 Global Partnership Programs and

Radioactive Sources Management

April 11, 2013, Vienna, Austria

Anatoly Grigoriev

1.1

Works carried out in the Russian Federation

1

Activities Countries

Preparation of Andreeva Bay infrastructure for SNF

and RF removal

EBRD

Italy

Norway

Sweden

European Commission

Elimination of nuclear dangerous objects (SNF

unloading from FTB “Lepse”, Papa-class and

Oscar-II submarines, SNF preparation for treatment,

transportation)

EBRD

France

Italy

USA

Establishing RW handling infrastructure (reactor

compartments, SRW)

Germany

Italy

Japan

Russia

Creation of means of transportation for radiation

dangerous objects and nuclear material

Italy

USA

European Commission

Sweden

Summing up the results of ten-year cooperation under the G8

Global Partnership, Moscow, November 21-23, 2012

2

Perspective planning of the G8 Global Partnership in the nuclear

sector, Great Britain, February 2013

3

Areas of cooperation

Establishing the infrastructure to ensure NRS

Physical protection

Safe transport of nuclear material

Radiological (radiation) safety

Prevention of illicit trafficking of nuclear material

Nuclear and radiation security culture

1. Management of decommissioned nuclear submarine spent

nuclear fuel (SNF), including damaged fuel and reactor cores,

until a safe end point;

2. Lifting of sunken nuclear submarines and reactor compartments

containing SNF;

3. Lifting and dismantling sunken hazardous radiological objects;

4. Dismantlement of nuclear powered surface ships;

5. Recovery and disposal of radioisotopic thermal generators (RTG)

and other highly radioactive materials and radiological sources.

Environmental load and risksFocus of activities of the nuclear industry at the initial stage

Stages of atomic industry facilities operation

4

To develop the nuclear industry it is necessary to effectively solve the issues

of waste disposal and decommissioning of shut-down facilities

Min.

• Low level of environmental pressure

at enterprises of the nuclear fuel

cycle front end

• Low probability of radiation accidents

• Focus to the industrial safety

The front end of the fuel cycle (mining

& milling, conversion, enrichment,

fuel fabrication)

GenerationBack-end (SNF and RW

management, decommissioning)

Max.

Min.

Max.

?

• Relatively higher environmental load

and risks of radiation accidents

• Total development of passive and

active safety systems after the

Chernobyl accident

• Relatively higher environmental load

and risks of radiation accidents

• Need to address the issues of legacy

SNF, RW and decommissioning

• It is necessary to create a new model

SNF

RW

Nuclear and

radiation

hazardous

objects

Areas of the nuclear fuel cycle back-end

Legacy identificationLegacy identification

SNF unloaded from reactors

and written off the books of

the RF nuclear industry

enterprises before the

Federal Law FZ-131 entrance

into force,

Radioactive waste

accumulated before the

Federal Law FZ-190

entrance into force

Nuclear facilities

constructed before the

Federal Law FZ-131

entrance into force, as well

as orphan facilities using

nuclear energy

5

LegacyLegacy Federal propertyFederal property Commercial propertyCommercial property

• SNF from Russian

NPPs, research reactors

and nuclear fleet vessels

unloaded from reactors

before 2007.

• SNF from Russian NPPs

unloaded from reactors after

2007

• SNF from research reactors

and nuclear fleet vessels

unloaded after 2007

• All radioactive waste

generated before 2011.

• Future RW resulting from

legacy SNF reprocessing

• Future RW resulting from

legacy facilities

decommissioning

• Operating radioactive waste

resulting from the activities of

federal property facilities

• Future RW resulting from

federal SNF reprocessing

• Future RW resulting from

decommissioning of federal

nuclear and radiation

hazardous facilities

• Operating radioactive waste

resulting from the activities of

commercial facilities

• Future RW resulting from

commercial SNF reprocessing

• Future RW resulting from

decommissioning of

commercial nuclear and

radiation hazardous facilities

• The majority of facilities of

the industry, e.g. NPPs

• (Units 1-3 and all

infrastructure of Kalinin

NPP

• Facilities which are in federal

property and were

constructed after 2007

• Facilities in commercial

property constructed after

2007, e.g. Kalinin NPP Unit 4

Current situation in the field of radioactive waste management in Russia

Accumulated RW Annual generation of RW

CurrentlyMio. m3

LRW

Mio. tons

SRW

Accumulated

volume, total

including:

486 87

At the sites of

operating

organizations

485.5 86.5

At NPP sites 0.157 0.130

Other 0.213 0.370

NPPs

~ 130 thousand m3 of LRW,

~ 6.3 thousand tons of SRW

Nuclear fuel cycle facilities

~1.6 Mio. m3 of LRW, ~ 1.35 Mio. tons of SRW

Other

~ 1.3 Mio. m3 of LRW,~ 0.5 Mio. tons of SRW

NPPsNFC

facilitiesOther Total

LRW (Mio. m3) 0.13 1.6 1.3 3.0

SRW (Mio. m3) 0.006 1.35 0.05 1.4

6

Russian enterprises – manufacturers of ionizing radiation sources

FSUE

‘Production

Association

“Mayak”

FSUE

Karpov

Institute of

Physical

Chemistry

JSC

“State

Scientific

Center NIIAR”

Ionizing

radiation

sources

Other

enterprises of

the industry Key manufacturers

7

Industrial uses of ionizing radiation sources

Manufactures

Checking

Equipment

Nuclear

Installations Geological

exploration

Medical

Supplies

Static

Electricity

Removal

Exports

8

Sealed radioactive sources life cycle

Russian Federation Imports

Manufacturers

Use of sealed radioactive sources

(intended life-time)

Life-time extension

(NP-024)

Delivery to specialized

organizations

Old spent SRSs

manufactured in the

Russian Federation

Active part

removal

Bringing into compliance

with acceptance criteria

for disposal

Storage

FSUE “NO RAO”

Disposal

As of 01.01.2013

1887 organizations operating SRS

9

RW management system

10

Accumulated RW,

million m³

LRW

438

Preservation

Application of

criteria for

classification of

waste as

“special”

Initial registration of RW

and storage sites

SRW

72

“Special” RW

LRW- 95%

On-site

disposalSRW

“Retrievable” RW

LRW- 5% SRW

Treatment (solidification)

Conditioning

1. SRW is stored in 1 170 storage facilities.

2. LRW is stored in special tanks and pools, part of it in open

water reservoirs (420 million m³).

3. Complex sites:

- Lake Karachay;

- Techa reservoir cascade (Mayak);

- LWR storage pools (SCC, MCC);

- Tailings and pulp storage facilities (Priargunsky Mining and

Chemical Association , MSZ, NCCP);

- old repositories for SRW (Mayak, SCC, MCC).

4. Less than 30% of waste subject for treatment has been treated.

Generated waste,

million m³ per year

LRW

2.06

SRW

1.26

1. Accumulated waste (before 11.07.2011):

2. Generated waste (after 11.07.2011):

Treatment

Conditioning and

disposal

Disposal (deep injection)

1.2-1.5 million m³ per year

“Special” waste

placement sites “Special” waste

“preservation” sites

RW disposal site

~90%

~10%

Disposal in

RWDF

~ 0.1

Legislative instruments regulating management of radioactive

substances and ionizing radiation sources

The Federal Law of the Russian Federation “On the Use of Atomic Energy” of November

21,1995 No. 170-FZ.

The Federal Law of the Russian Federation “On the State Atomic Energy Corporation “Rosatom”” of

December 01, 2007 No. 317-FZ.

The Federal Law of the Russian Federation “On Radioactive Waste Management” of July 15, 2011

No.190-FZ

The Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of October 11, 1997 No. 1298 “On Approving

Regulations on Organizing the System of State Accounting and Control of Radioactive Substances and

Radioactive Waste”

“Regulations on State Accounting and Control of Radioactive Substances and Radioactive Waste in the

Russian Federation”. Registered in the RF Ministry of Justice on November 11, 1999 No. 1976.

“Main Principles of Accounting and Control of Radioactive Substances and Radioactive Waste in an

organization” (NP-067-05). Approved by Rostechnadzor Regulation of December 26, 2005 No. 18.

The Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of November 19, 2012 No. 1186 “On the Return

to the Russian Federation of a Spent Sealed Radiation Source manufactured in the Russian Federation,

and the Return of a Spent Sealed Radiation Source to the Country of the Supplier of a Sealed Radiation

Source”.

11

Construction of radioactive waste disposal facilities

Novouralsk

Seversk

LRW Deep Injection Disposal Site

Potential sites for radioactive waste disposal facilities

Underground laboratory

Near-surface final isolation facility (short-lived ILW and LLW)

Deep geological disposal facility (long-lived ILW и HLW)

ZheleznogorskConstruction of near-surface RW disposal facility near

JSC “UEIP”

• In accordance with Article 40 of the Federal Law No. 190-FZ

(transfer of ownership of the existing RW disposal facilities

by July 15, 2013) radioactive waste long-term storage

facilities are being transferred into operational control

• Design and survey works are being carried out on the first-

stage facilities for RW final isolation in Nizhnekansky massif,

Krasnoyarsk Territory (underground research laboratory)

• Construction of the first stage of neat-surface RW disposal

facility near JSC “UEIP” is underway

• Thirty potential sites for radioactive waste disposal facilities

have been identified in 17 constituents of the Russian

Federation (Krasnoyarsk Territory, Tomsk Region, Irkutsk

Region, Chelyabinsk Region, Sverdlovsk Region, Saratov

Region, Leningrad Region, Arkhangelsk Region, Nenets

Autonomous Area, Astrakhan Region, Primorsky Territory,

Kaluga Region, Kursk Region).

-LRW Deep Injection Disposal

Site “Severny”,

-Construction of the first-stage

facilities of Final Isolation

Facility (Nizhnekansky massif)

LRW Deep Injection Disposal Pilot Site

Dimitrovgrad

12

To develop acceptance criteria

To approve the provisions for the transfer of spent

sealed radioactive sources for recycling

To identify the requirements for technical expertise

To build infrastructure for RW disposal

Establishing IRS transportation system

IRS delivery from the airport to a specialized organization and/or

disposal facility is carried out by special vehicles in transportation

casks to ensure safety and security in accordance with Federal

Rules and Regulations of Safe Transport of Radioactive

Substances (NP-053), as well as with Regulations of Physical

Protection of Radioactive Substances and Radioactive Waste

(NP-073).

Establishing the system of state accounting and control of radioactive

substances and radioactive waste

14

RF Government

SC “Rosatom”

Director General

Deputy Director General

Law enforcement and

regulatory authorities

MOJ

Executive bodies of

RF constituents

Federal executive

authorities

Rosstat

Regional information &

analytical centers

Central information

& analytical center

Staff training

Department for Nuclear and

Radiation Safety, Organization of

Licensing and Approval

Departmental

information &

analytical centers

Results of works on RTGs dismantling on the territory of Russia

15

2001 2013

The Antarctic

Target results of the future strategy for the back end of the nuclear

fuel cycle

Disposition of SNF, RW and D&D legacy•Legacy SNF – disposition of the whole legacy SNF volume by 2070;

•D&D– bringing or conducting works to bring all the legacy nuclear and radiation hazardous

facilities to the final state by 2070, excluding operating facilities;

•Legacy RW – disposition of the whole legacy radioactive waste volume by 2070.

Formation of infrastructure of SNF and RW management•Creation of SNF disposition infrastructure sufficient for the disposition of the whole legacy SNF

and annually generated SNF. It is planned to construct a Pilot Demonstration Center, RT-2 and a

Centralized Storage Complex;

•Creation of RW disposal infrastructure sufficient for the disposal of all removable legacy RW and

annually generated RW. It is planned to construct a federal geological disposal facility for HLW

and long-lived ILW; at least six regional near-surface disposal facilities for LLW and short-lived

ILW.

Development of the institutional model and regulatory basis with due

consideration for international cooperation

16

In the context of the slide the “disposition” means bringing an object to

a predetermined target state

Спасибо за внимание!

Anatoly Grigoriev

Thank you for your attention!