ˆZëÅÄLL:Ãð]Ò‹3ïEGL§ì:Z¡Í-êG

GL§[óó»‹c*C_·

ƒZ£ƒ ZË e

ABSTRACT:

This poem by Majeed Amjad has been termed as a representative piece

of creativity by the critiques of Urdu literature students of poetry alike. And

rightly so, because on the one hand, it tends to explore and unfold the

multi-layer complexities of life: present here after and here before in a semi

metaphoric style but also transcends the reader into the mystery of time,

space and universe. The ease and eloquence with which Majeed Amjad has

woven the fabric of this poem is unprecedented in modern Urdu poetry.

Another mentionable dimension of this novel poem is the metaphorically of

man, who despite ostensible freedom of choice is miserably bound by the

chains of fate and compulsions, both internal and external. The

comprehension of rich poetic expression, the sublime magic and delicate

knitting of lines with its theme, has placed this poem among the evergreen

pieces of eternal poetry.

ìÃÂtZq-ÄìÔpÄÆ6,Š}~Zq-pŠgp˜ÈMgizìTÆeZ&+}z‰ÜÔ»Ñ]Zzg7åENZÅ@+~ZKyŪ]½~ˆlÐYX÷XQz6,~R6,ÄÆÄZyÐt

è$‡g~ÆZˆkÃÑhƒYìāÄÆcZñ~÷á²ZL5wZzgZK¶KoÅgZDã»â�{Òy™äÆŠg9ìÔp8ðENV8ðENVSkÄÅŒÛP]~Sìu™,Âë6,²£Ò5é NGìā÷á²äZ•ð/e,-Š4Zzg_¬Å1JãÃ',zñ»gÑDƒñZ,Z\gÃ0*"5å EEL¯HìX»ÒyQgŠz

Ä~{w„MìXSk©gÒª]~8fõ ELëi}Æ**xÐsy™D÷ÔZKyZq-¸�

UUN )�Ñð@*Šc6102Y(Ô£ZgŠzÔZzg@»ÒÔº[-Eg;Ôуg 29D e^‡m^Êk

ZzgdwF,+™ŠZg¢zgìÔpSkÆegzV§s#ƒðzWzi»Ñ]~8ðENŠZKyZzgZgè°æ N}ÅwHì?Zq-"n{Zzg"ZW,Z»ðÐic*Š{7Xz‰ÜÅ™®~aeƒñZuZgè»Ñ]CÙ°æ

YNEgDŠyÆ‚BTŠg¢ƒD÷ÔZÚ„ZKyÅ8o-Bð ENGEZzgÔÃï™D÷X

Z,~ˆZëZ(÷á²ì�ZK"C{7Õä EO¹ZzgŠ~MçÐRyŠAbCÙÅ„~Zzg/V6,¸e$Šgz‡ŠgìÔ‡g~ÅQiñ™Zka¶Å.$»^M¸i™@*ìÔ˜VÃ,;.ç ELG{ƒC÷1ßZC7XMŠòªCƒ@*ìÔk]7ƒ@*X’ê

ELfZ]ÅzÇVÐ:æENz`™@*ƒZÔt^¹

Z0+ñZzggz×ñh»^™Zq-§]M�Û,Z(!/õG6,ȃ@*ìÔ˜V÷á²»ZˆkQk»+B5ÿGE

GOZzg'.5éGEOƒVƦk,—}~ôZy½gƒ@*ìÔp0&¾æ EL

YZyÅ'„Zzg"ëÆ‚B7ÉaÅ

Ï9èÆ‚B�²Ÿ5ÒèGEÃe0+â‡ìZzgèÆ[äÃi0+ÏÅwZg]Щg™ŠêìXèÃg{

Ä~ˆZëäZL!Š"Ågm,{»g~ÅìXZkÄ~z{Œ»ÌM}á™Mñ÷ÔQ,VäÄö¯ñ7šÐïÑìZzgÄÆM}ÃZfgÆZEwÐ6M}Ðë)gHìZzgZk~qegZâðªÌaZÅìXèÃg{Äàz‰ÜŒÌìÔk?ÌìZzgqegZâÌìÔT~¹ãÌìÔ™ŠZgÌ÷ZzgegZâðÁÜÌ÷Ô&÷á²Ï!§]»

f~ÄZyŠêìXZϧb»Zq-Zzgf~ÄZy÷á²™{!ZgnóóÆ**x"™@*ìZzgZkÑÐ).Ð(tZ´yÌ™@*ìā].h+ÄÅ‚|#Zzg"3ïENEGËZq-eäJ-özŠ7ÉZk~ZÖgZzg™ZÅÆ**ââkk0+Ι].h+ÄÃ7V§¯Zˆkz§¯ÒygppzZá®0*g}Å(QÐZ

(Æîg6,Ì»HYYìXˆZëÅèÃg{ÄÆ Mozaic •zVЯñ‰ŠHñiZ&)/UƒV~¼ŠZz™sŠÚÃX÷XZq-Âtā÷á²Ã¹M�Û´~¾wqÝìÔŠzu}tāÄ~çãÅMŠgM+÷á²ÆZ7gZCzäÂx6,ŠÑª�™C÷XZzgZkÆ‚B‚BÄ»ñç¬CZ…ŠZK(Z˜]»qïìXˆZëÃÀòîg6,�g].h+ÄÍ÷á²Æi!*yzÒyZzg¹6,"VwŠg]qÝìXQyÅÄLL:Ãðāè§ì:Z¿§[óóÅ"3ïENEGZzg2ZL

,~ZâÇ÷á²Z:ZâZ`ÅqïìXQ,Vä„ZzgZˆkÅ÷ZðZzg�ZðÆ‚BZL_°CZ+Cå E

EEZ[ƈZkÄûHìZzgèÃg{ÄÅF,ZI‚i~Ôq‚i~ZzgZ7gZC{q~»ŒÛÜQyÆÄ~)ZzgŒÛ¶»&4èEGOEo]ìÔTÐè¸ìā÷ᲄ~z/Z±gÐF,«Æ£x6,Ã,ìXQyÅtÄ„CÙfZC5wZzggZDãÐÑŠqƒCìT~Zq-�ÛŠÅߊ4Ô6g~z{g~Å2w»Zˆkƒ@*ìX˜VQÐZK·ŠZâãz"Š„z0*ƒä»]åIO]ÐZˆkì1�V�VÄMÐ(,fì‡g~6,•ìāt5wZzggZDãËfZCøzò»÷áÄ:7ìÉÔz‰ÜÔ»Ñ]Zzg}.ZÅ@+~y}ƒñMŠò»ªCÒ6ì�SŠgSÔ2wŠg2w‡g~Ã5c:V

ˆZëÅÄLL:Ãð]Ò‹3ïEGL§ì:Z¡Í-êG

GL§[óó»‹c*C_· LLO

Zzg6MØ1VДgs™zZ@*ìX7g~ÄZLÄZyÐàz‰ÜµÌìZzgÅsÌX„CÙÂtCkƒg;ìātgZDãZzg5wÅÄìÔpZÝ~Ä{à;ðV~Zgnz�Å(s#ÅÄ7ìÔΉ‰ÄÅtîV~‡g~ŠZ4ƒ@*ìÂCÙÇx6,Zq-5ª]ÔZq-*ZÏsZzg

Zq-5[‡g~»ílx™CìZzgZÏC~‡g~¹Ï**ââk2ßVÐQkM‚ãЦ/gY@*ì�‚~MñƒñËaÅœª�»gƒCìā‚~ŠZ4ƒäzZáa»Z$t‚ÆMy�~Qk»ZCZ[0Y@*ì�i0+ϽQkÊ7ŠêX‡g~aŪ]Æ‚BZkÄ~

™@*ìÂtÄQk6,–ÑzqƒYCì:H¼VÔÄäVÔÄäVÅŒMߊÎo

z‰ÜƘRieV?%}¥ÈƒñŠñVÆ‚]¾§bún„¬MðìHCƒVt¹ã(,~îÑãì

¾Ã __ t%Z¢~î G0§Ãy•?¾Ã‹ƒV

Tà __ ZLZˆk»z{PƒZiCÙöƒVÃWÃW%~Zu/ÏìSu/ŠÙƒz{�ZuYŠÒâgZãìz{�SuñhìZzgz{�Lz»ìaçL!*Ä—

Lâ7TJ-Hz÷áxÆ‚-VÅïz{�Nƒð&×CƒðŠ-Zg,÷

X»£Z--VŘãìz{�CÙ÷áxZ--V~Ãð^ÏÄõ M

ȃDƒñŠgzZizVÆM}~²£ÿYNYCì

z{¿ÙÔ«çEL‘Æöņ

TÅr?Z0+ƒzV䧊Z@*ãì)mmÔ682X782()1(÷á²ZLâèÅc*ŠÃMzZiŠ}g;ìÔçÑ}ÆZq-ð»g�ÛŠÆ**DQÐi0+ÏÆQ{

zzV~ú&×™ŠÚÅ�ÛZº)7ìÔpQÐZq-�Û›q-ÇxZŠZk™ŠîìÔ�Û›»tÅ+@î0ñ�ŠQÐCw™ŠêìXð»g$¨¾æ

GEOŪ~ìāZq-œ�÷~~Mc*åÔz{÷}‚BH™ŠHì:

M`ÌZ#}g5~ÔËñhÔË2w6,

MLO )�Ñð@*Šc6102Y(Ô£ZgŠzÔZzg@»ÒÔº[-Eg;Ôуg 29D e^‡m^Êk

ËŠ-ZgÐèÌÒY@*ìÃðŠZðā&**¯ÉZ]ãìŠð\~ÎBb:æENâÅ5zVн}ÃVÐZq->ÞÆaQh@*ì\)45é LHG슃}Šƒ}ÃðÄõ MÏ%}Zˆk~½YCì@*§',*ÅÃð°i¶©ãì�‘zgziÆZ-ZV~¢›é ENEV0Æ)YCìM�âVÐÔi�VÐËŠwÆŠP1ÅœZMCìÃðíÐ%}»y~ÈY@*ì]4/õ NEGƒÔ¾ÅtMzZiìÔTãì?)m882()2(

(Æizg6,³™Mh÷āZkZq-_.!*Cx» imagination ëZk»l0*ÃZL+B5ÿGE

GO)HƒZÔÃðZq-ßêc*ÃðZq-ߊxÔZkÃZ7gZCZ0+Zi~Š97,}ÇXz{ZLZq-ÏCŸ

Ì™g;ìXz{›»œÌƒY (Comment) Ì™g;ìZzgZk6,².3ïEH celebrate ÅÆÃìz{ó»œÌƒYìÔz{Zq-Z(œÌƒYìÔāz{ZL8[ÃqÝ™Yåp^~

g{ŠHXz{ZkxÃ{7™eÔλl0*ÅF˜]ƒ$Ë÷Ôp…Zk»l0*¢8ecXÆizg6,!3›4è

GGOE™,Й3NÐ: (Imagination) ZkÅzZuC¬]Z¤/ëZLÇ

-V“�J-ðz÷áxÑ"^ð NŠÑÔ**»xÑZ#™*zZáÎYN{kV~ÅYNZ#ºŠgc*íYN@*gzVÅó÷WYN

Z#Mv+AāõENEa0*ßVÅ

Z#MçÑgÅZßVÅŠ-ZgzŠgÐÃñ‚ñŧb\./õ LHƒñŠz(£ë ELjVÆï~ëYìZuZzgŠö~ë

ˆZëÅÄLL:Ãð]Ò‹3ïEGL§ì:Z¡Í-êG

GL§[óó»‹c*C_· NLO

¼ŠzgÔQ¬Æ0*gÔQŠOìZq-*ªgÔQŠOpìVÅêgzVÅ™*YßVÅ·gzVÅŠ*)m982()3(

ˆZëäŒVd~Ìp~ÅìZzgZq-™ŠZgÌðHì�÷á²Ðk?™@*ìZzgÄ~egZâðªÃaZ™@*ìXZk§b÷á²äZq-©ÆZ0+gŠzu}©ÃðHìZzgZÝ]Ã7™@*`Y@*ìXŒV÷á²Ãi0+Ï»ŠHyqÝìTÐtè¸ìāi0+ÏZq-

ÚK-z@*i»**xìÔT~ZKyÃÓxrT$z)b»£¨™ÆZLZ0+gÂZ**ðaZ™ãìZzgi0+ÏÃ**Üs¦/Zg**ìÉ%æFNZð̯**ìZzgZKã™ÅVÆ‚B‚B�YäV»Ì$å NZzZ™**

ìZzgZkŠ*ÃZKâVÅ#bz‹Š»4+%œ/¯**ìXZq-÷á²ìZzgZq-÷á²»ÄZŠìªìimaginative self ìZzgZq-Zk»{C]Ò3ýG (Physical Seif) Zq-÷á²»‚Ûp_5ÒýG

XŠzâVZKZK((£ë EL/-V÷Ôz{Zk§bāªCÙìā÷á²8jè NEÅ„â‡ìZzgZk»ÄZŠ™g;ìÔªŠz˜y Elaborate Zzgz{ZLìßVÅÌ„â‡ìZzgz{ZL˜yMgizÃ

÷ÔZq-z{T~z{i0+Ϧ/Zgg;ìZzgZq-z{�Qk»˜yMgizìÔTÆz{pZ[Š8ìÔT~z{YäÅÕ™g;ìXZq-ZkÅÇŠ*ìTäZÐi0+Ϭ™ä6,6g™Šc*ŠHìZzg

Zq-z{Š*ìTÆz{pZ[Š8ìÔz{ZkpZ1VzZáZLôŧsY**e{g;ìÔYV7Y0*÷Ôz{ Limitations g;Ôtz{ZKZzgZLÄZŠÅ�özŠe$ìZzg�øzxV÷ªözŠZ]

ð™™g;ìXZkÆZ0+g�°x»g™ŠÏìÔZk Situation ™ÆZq- Combine ŠzâVÃÆZ0+g�ÈŶìz{**™Š{»g~»Ì‚Bf™™g;ìXŠ*pZ1VÐL{à7ƒCZzgL

z°zVÐÌ{à7ƒCÔpt‚g~q,-V"p÷ā�ZkÅXi{Š*ìZzgz{�ZkÆpZ1VÅŠ*ìÔz{ÂZkÐfˆìc*T~Šz\g™äzZßVäÇzeyK¸%zzŠ*ÆÈÌVÃÂh™ËZzgpìVÆŠöc*Šc*g~YäÆÔ÷áh+z{eyÌ7g}:ƒnÔZ[QÐ

ZKËæ6,DzZÌì1Z뻾wtìāZkÅèÃg{Ä~�ÛŠÆfZC§Ãz{Wù§¯Š¶6,Šg]g‚rìXZ+ßg‹qw~Zk»i0+Ï6,¢âw7ƒ@*ÔZ¤/pti0+Ï"Ñe$Єg]ì1’uТzgìX6āïƒâg7g~ä¹å:

ŠZìM!*ŠgìÏŠ*ë:ƒVÐÃð낃Ç

Š*pZ1VÐÔìßVÐÔgÁðÐ{à7p�÷}{ÅŠ*¶Ô�÷ZpZ[åÔz{

OLO )�Ñð@*Šc6102Y(Ô£ZgŠzÔZzg@»ÒÔº[-Eg;Ôуg 29D e^‡m^Êk

*.çGLGFƒŠHìX!*¹©g{tM!*ŠgìÔpZkŠ*»~¤�7ƒVT»~¤�ƒVÔz{œ

÷~ÐÒŠHìXZzgÇŠ*ÆŠgxy§ŠÅßg‹qwÃÒyHŠHìā©g{!Š*M!*ŠìÔQkÅ idealt

gz¿M!*Š÷Xg8-z1ñ�ƒÁÜñ�Š÷ÔptŠ*÷}Ë»xÅ7XtŠ*ZKgz¿Ô‚g~ZZ]ZK‚g~q,gBbìX

tŠ*ZZ]gBbìX!*ÇZ,„‰!*iZgЦ/gZƒVy�h+Zg7ƒVT~g8-ÌÊ-£é NED÷ÔT~gz¿Ì÷XtŠ*÷~7ìÔ÷~Š*ÂÅïNH_X÷~Š*Âf_ÔZ[t©g{M!*Šgì:gìÔp~Zk»y�h+Zg7ƒVX

Zq-iâãßg]qwZzgZq-ìàßg]qwÆŠgxy»�ÜìāZkÅñúŠ{Š*ZzgZq-ZkÅz{Š*ìàŠ*ìZzgZq-z{Š*ì�M!*ŠÌìÔ˜V‚g~¯'Â÷Ôpz{Š*Æa7÷X÷᲌VpZ1VZzgìßVÅŠ*Zzgñ�Šßg]qwÆŠgxy».Þ™g;ìZzgZk».Þ~ZKgZDã»gz**gzg;ìÔLLpóóÐZkÅz{Š*ÑzqƒCìT»ZkäpZ[Š¬åXZk»ö7I^ŠHTpZ[ÅZÐ:ïmXŠzŠ*ƒV»Zkä».ÞHìZq-z{Š*�QkÆ‚tìZzgZq-z{Š*T»ZkäpZ[Š¬åXŒVgZDãZkŠ*Åì�QkÅÐòˆì:

M`Qk�ÛrïGLq-ÇxÃgz@*ƒVZ#Zu»¶0*á™áˆíÐz{QjVÐê™*

M{z{™*&ÅÆ~Q0*:e-VÂMÃt~™*ƒVÅZgiZãìZy܃V~*g}Ì÷ÔpgæÌìÔâ{ÌìÃyYäāiâäÆ«gÅÃðå{Ìì

pZu™*&ÅÆ~Q0*:eTÆâ?~%~eu¤/âãì÷~ÌpgŠ{'.5é GEOƒVÅÃzVаæ

YNm,ZV„g„ÑÄeð&+ZÔ1Z\kāZug+÷

EELäV¾

1ú0™%~¼k,Å–V?g;Z[%ZŠwìāZu¬ÝªZãìZ[t™*ÔtœZÃl8Vн}àzŠc*g

äVpìVƹV~.CƒðgzjV»…g

ˆZëÅÄLL:Ãð]Ò‹3ïEGL§ì:Z¡Í-êG

GL§[óó»‹c*C_· PLO

íÐ7gÂ%}‚tZ[t™*zg¾!|Bý NLZ0+zÓ¤/ZVYãì)mÔ092()4(

z{ŠzŠ*ƒV»».Þ™g;ìXZq-z{Š*�QkÅMàsŠ*ìpZÐqÝ:ƒmXZq-z{Š*�ZkÃq݃$ËìÔpz{ZÐZC**7eLÔz{Š*ÅM‚3V»ÇH„7ì�F,(Š}™ZÐZK§sneSìXz{ZkŠ*»ÔÇgzy�h+Zg„7Xz{TŠ*»ÔÇgìÔz{Š*ZkÐf_ìXZkÅÔÂz{Š*ì˜VÑÓÔkg~Šð»:ƒZzgƒk:ƒX÷á²ÂpZ[ŠÚzZу@*ìZzgZypZ1V6,„‚g~qg]y™@*ìÔZLZgZŠzVÅÔZLìßVÅÔZLZˆ‚]ÅXZL_.1VÅXt÷á²»F,I‚i~»9.ç XNEìXtz{Š*ìTÅQÐe>ØZzgÔz

Ñ7ìTÅZÐÑ7ìÔT»z{ÔÇg7ìXZq-Š*»z{ÔÇgìZzgZq-Š*»z{ÔÇg7ìXLÅ+@î0ñ�ŠóÅŠ*XZk»Zq-zgtªtZq-Z+Â[ìT»CÙzgt”h+§~¦8ƒZìXŠzŠ*N÷XZq-Š*�QkÆpZ1VÔìßVÔÕƒVÅŠ*ìÔZq-Š*�Š„c*[ìXz{ŠzŠ*ƒVÆŠgxy».Þ™g;ìXZq-Š*�‚tñ�ŠìÔZkÅZÐe>Ø7ìXZk»z{

(™g;ìā~ZkŠ*~Mc* Redicule ÔÇg7ìXZkŠ*ÃZzgi0+ÏÃz{LLgi+~Ywóó)ƒVX÷ZZki0+Ï~qÝzßwHìÔz{Šz˜.$�~ä#/õ FGZy»$i{Hì?ZzgZiZ!HìXZkÆìÑ]œ̃$ËìˆZë6÷á²gKqzV~(,Z*yÒy™@*ìXZ[�ŠzM@Zq-¬xMŠòÆagzi%{»Š/ìXˆZëZk~¹‚g}RyŠAZk**]Šgc*Ä™@*ìXZ[z{fgZˆ[Â[ŧsMY@*ìXZ[z{Hìā~ÌZkŠ*»�ÛŠƒVXZkŠ*ÅâwzOq~ZzgpìV~÷ZÌzìXtŠ*ÔTÃ**iìÔZL;ƒ6,ÔTÃ**iìZLz‚bÅ�ÛZzZã6,ÔZkŠ*ä=HŠc*ZzgZâ#ƒðÔZâ(,~Š*~÷ZzHì?¸Šz‚÷Xt»Ñ])Ãkñk(TÆZq-gLÐ{~ë}÷XZk»Ñ]Å‚g~?Zzgw�÷Ôz{ZKyÆa÷Xz{tHìāZ¤/~»Ñ]»%œ/ƒVZzgZ¤/t»Ñ]÷}a¯ðˆìXZk~�gZq-�ÛŠÆ÷ZzHì?

ZâzW»ÑÂV~÷ZzHì?ZzgZ¤/÷Zz7ìÂQZk»Ñ]Æ‚B÷ZgHìZkÆZz6,z{Zq-ãCŠ~ÎZwQVg;ìÔZkÐ÷ZmHì?z{ZKyÔ»Ñ]Zzgz‰ÜÅ�¾*ìÔZyÈZë÷Სì�ßg]qwÃ8ðENV»$ðGNVÒy™Š}z{(,ZÎWzZÑf�ìX

7™CÉÎZwQVCìZzg(,}ÎZwQVCìX¸(,~÷á²~» Base ZkÅ÷á²~Zˆk6,:™}É(,~÷á²~(,}ÎZwaZ™}ZzgZq-(,Z (Entertain) ŠZ܃@*ìāz{ÜsZÚ”

™}X÷᲌VZq-(,ZÎZwQV@*ìāŠ*~÷}ªxZzg÷~‚g~K-z@*i Create ©**)

QLO )�Ñð@*Šc6102Y(Ô£ZgŠzÔZzg@»ÒÔº[-Eg;Ôуg 29D e^‡m^Êk

»Ãð�ZiÌì?:HZÏzZWâèÆ+Bk5é GEGâVÐZuñ•§]

ZL_Z{a**ûÇCƒðœ-VÅ',Z]MÆZk‚7ÿL¯ÿ

N7lДZðì?H¸!©}å GLœ¬ÅêLZkãìāZ#ZkRy�z°{?Bð&+zV~Ãðg8ï EGL§[Ãð$Àô NÔÃðôÔÃð+ÔÃðë»:LM�âVÐœZMñLLÂHeð&+@*ì¾Z‚âV¸"uz‚âãìóó)mÔ192()5(

ŒVz{Zq-ãCŠ~ÎZwQV@*ìXāZ¤/+ÑixìÂ’Hì?Zzgt»Ñ]»‚gZöXëŒVMNZzgöÓ÷á™Æ−YNQZk»Ñ]»ZC�ZiHìÔŒV÷Ბ:Z0+ZiÐZq-ã~ÎZwQV@*ìX

Zk»Ñ]»Ñz$ów¸ìāt»Ñ]ZãgLЊZ],}Æa¯ð¶Xz{»Ñ]ÃZzgZkÆ“ƒñÂxÃZq-zWÑZzg(,}°æ N}~Š8ìātÎZwãCŠ~îg6,z�Š~ÎZwÌìX

‰z�Še$zZáë÷āt»Ñ]œ-V6,ZãìZzgœ-VJ-gìÏX�ÛŠÆaÂZk»Ñ]»Ñ$›43ï GEGGÑzqƒY@*ìÔZ#z{ZkŠ*»z7gLX

āZkZâzÝzZàŠ*Åu¤/òZâgKZzgözŠu¤/òìāZq-�ÛŠÆ‚BÑzqƒZzgZq-�ÛŠÆ‚B»ƒYñXz{ãCŠ~z�Š~ÎZwZV@*ìāL�ÛŠóÅZkzWz²!»Ñ]~

Hì?ZzgZ¤/�ÛŠ¸T$ƒY@*ìÂZkÅse$Hì?�ۊЬ̻Ñ]ñ�Š Placement

¶ZzgZkÆÌñ�ŠgìÏX»Ñ]Æ]bCÙ~¾Z‚ây¸"uz‚âãìÅ+@î0ñ�ŠÐZz6,ZJ™z{{ÅþL»Ñ]

Ðk?™@*ìXtŠ*ZzgZkŠ*ÆbCÙZ#ZkÆÎZßV»�Z[7Š}0*DÂQ}ÐZkÃMzZiMCìāZKZz‡]~g{ìX¾ZZk»Ñ]~ZÚ„zìZzgÂZkÐic*Š{»ZIZzg

�7ìÔ¾~Zâ„Zz‡]ìXZ[Š*:$iï FNIG¬ˆìÔZ[{ÛZzg‘tÆŠgxyk?ÑzqƒŠHìX

(,Z÷á²ËZq-ª»Z§7ƒ@*Xz{(,Z÷á²¹‚g}oø¯@*ìX¹‚g~¯@*ìXZk~ZL‡g~ÃÑq-™@*ìXZKy»i0+ÏÆ‚B�gìÔZkÅ" Paintings

ˆZëÅÄLL:Ãð]Ò‹3ïEGL§ì:Z¡Í-êG

GL§[óó»‹c*C_· RLO

se$ZzgÑ$›43ï GEGGÃñçq¯@*ìXZKyZzgi0+ÏÆŠgxy�mÅâÎZzgßg‹qwìÔQkÊgc*Ä™@*ìZzgíZKyZzg§]Å"se$ZzgÑ$›43ï GEGGÆ%æFN@£x6,M™ZKª]»ZÖg™@*ìXZk£x6,÷á²ZKyÃ"uz‚ây0*@*ìXH�^qì:

)¾Z‚âV¸"uz‚âãì(ZgZŠ}0*/iî÷XZ§÷XZgZŠ}MiZŠ7÷XZgZŠzV6,P}÷ÔpZgZŠ}Z§ƒDƒñÌZgZŠzVÃMiZŠ~7ÔZgZŠzVÃgzZc*]ZzggÈV~È™Šc*ŠHìXZy6,özŠZ]Ί~ˆ÷ÔpZgZŠzVÆczV~iîeZwMh÷ÔpZgZŠzV»�y�zlìÔZyÃiî7HYYX¬z{âè~áŠHÔ˜VZkäZCðhZ‚zzßwHXQZkäqw»©**)ÒyHÔT

~ZkÅMgizq~zZàZzgXi{Š*f_ìZzgz{Zq-Z+Š*~i0+Ϭ™ä6,6gìT»Ãð™ŠZg7ì�M‚UVZzgMÑUVн~ƒðìpZk»z{ÔÇg7XZ[ŠzâViââVÅ(s#ƈz{wŧsZq-–DÎ@*ìZzgZÐw~Ì4~ÅZ!5å OG7:

¾ÅíZu~÷²¶',,�Û¶i~?Ãy¾$øFLœ6,ŠÒZ#uÃðìā7?Ãy¾YäÁ÷}Š®ÈVÐM0*CìŠg|t|Å�@*!*ãìZãi¿VÐ=™ŠÁ"@*[Å9,%Š{?

¾ä5…ZkRƒñŠö~?¥x7!-V:ZLŠÄQyÃ÷ñÃðÔÃyHìIV~·gMãì)mmÔ192X292()6(

z{÷Ს7ì}z{�Ø]лx©8ìÔ}�ÐÔ}Z&4-¡ç GEGz7ßYÐÔ}z{ª°x:æENH] detachment gzââe$лx©8ìÔ}z{8jè NE§ŠZ]лx©8ìXtQkÅ

ìX5wÔgZDãZzgšŠ™ä»�UÃMg;ìÔtŠ*Zzgœñ�Š÷}»xÅ7XtŠ*T~i0+Ϭ™g;ƒVXZK‚g~M‚UVÔ‚g~F,µ]Æ!*z�ŠÔtŠ*÷}a"pìÔZk

aāTŠ*»~äpZ[Š¬åÔTŠ*Æ‚B~pŠÃZˆÏR6,Zzg_.!*CR6,Ý™@*ƒVÔz{íÐfˆìZzgtŠ*�÷}‚tìÔt÷}Ë»xÅ7ìXZ[ZkÜZzgZk§ŠÆŠgxyz{Ä~Ý]Ã%A$™g;ìXZÝ]Ã%A$™g;ìXt‚g~ÄZkÆpZ1VÆŠgxyZzgZkÆñ�ŠÆŠgxy™CìXpZ1Vňl~ì�ZkÐf‰XŠ*ÅF,µ]ÐZЛ7ìXz{ZkŠ*ÃZCñ�Š¯**7eLXtŠ*�ˬxMŠòÆa

SLO )�Ñð@*Šc6102Y(Ô£ZgŠzÔZzg@»ÒÔº[-Eg;Ôуg 29D e^‡m^Êk

DÙZg§bÆŠZxÔDÙZg§bÅF,µ]gBbìXtZÐ6,è»{Æ',Z',7&ZzgZkŠ*ÚŠ™DƒñÔz{ZLZypZ1Vňl~ì�ZkÐáa‰pQkäZyÅZq-¡ZТzgŠ3ð¶XZq-œZkÅi0+Ï~Z(¢zgMc*ÔZ#ZkÆpZ[ZkÅŠ,k~¸XZ#z{f

‰ÂZ[Š*ÅÃðÌqZkÅÃ~7ICXZ[z{ZLZϬݦg�ZkÅŠ*ìZÏÐZLz{‚g}pZ[ZzgZK‚g~MzZi,>™g;ìXtZk»Ä~ZÚiìz{Hz°{H§]Ñ@*

ìÔHZdÅšï NEGÑ@*ìXH÷{q‚i~™@*ìX*yÂz„ì1ŒV÷á²»Ä~°wz)wìX (Poetic Granger) °*ZÅ3�.ç EEGìXt‚gZQk»Ä~“{

Y~MðìāZu!*g’êELia?ZˆVŠO™

Šr-è¤/ŠzV~Q“ƒñiCÙZ[ÐZu9êEN½™

)Š&ëGYL¤/ŠzVāZ$+i8-_~TÆÅsŠgŠzV»u%î0ÑÃãì(

ZÏiCÙZ[Ð9êEN½Æï@ŠzVQ¢þ

ELŠzgZV6,

Mv„Mv',•ÑZkYßV½}{îV6,Z[¸™ïìāZkƒÐ.ï

ENGè"0*c*VÃ�%~gzbÆZ-ZyÅi0+ZãìQJÆ;ŠzVZ-Zz‘Šg½VÐeqgZƒV6,Z-¢gZðƒðŠð\~ØZCl�ZǃV6,Z[ZgZŠ{ìāZy'½}ZgââVÃ

XÆ‚-V~%~iaÅzk,Zãì˜wŠzVÑRÑæVÆõƒñeâV~B!Š“?¿ƒð}ÇVÅ@*âV~

):Ãðā§ì:Z¿§[(m:292X392)7() ŠgŠêŠ7ìXtZk»Z6bÌìāz{¦¯™!*]™@*ìXtZkÅ÷á²~~Roi

Æa¢zg~ìXˆZëÅ÷á²~ZzgZk»Ä~ZÖgq-§†7 ª (Multi Shades

ìX®ZqzVZzgÝ]æ¯ñ%i0+ÏÅ”]ZzgZkÆ;ƒÃªCÙ7HYYXˆZëZâZzgÝ]Æ;ƒÃªCÙ™äÆaŠgŠÃŠgŠzV¯@*ìXgzi%{i0+Ï~zZuÆîg6,ZEwƒäzZáZÖpæÆ\~Ñ@*ìXˆZëÆŒVLLŠgŠóóq-¥{LLŠgŠóóìZzgËZq-ªc*

S»**xŠgŠ7ìÉŠgŠÆFoi÷Ô§ÆFoi÷XZ[z{ZkŠ*Æ‚B¤/m,Zzg',Z]»

ˆZëÅÄLL:Ãð]Ò‹3ïEGL§ì:Z¡Í-êG

GL§[óó»‹c*C_· TLO

ìXZkÆ Rejection Z´y™@*ìZzgZLZ0+gÅš/zZ?ØÃÄ~cZ‚«™g;ìXtQkÅ4,Šq-tŠ*PÌìZzgtŠ*Ãð(,~wÌ7gBbX6āZDwä¹å:

TEЊ�VÃx:ƒgzi~QkEÆCÙpnxðŠz)8(

)!*wƒsÔZDw(ˆZëÅp!tìāz{ËZq-.,»�u0™7g{Y@*XˆZëÆŒVZ¤/F,¹

I~ÌìÂz{ZkF,¹I~îÿ N»Ñ]Zzg®ÿ NOq7¯@*Xz{].h+e$ÃÌ®ÿ NOq7¯@*Xz{i0+ÏÃ',ÎVc*rg~!*.$™7Š8Éz{Âi0+ÏÃQkÅ®Ò3ï NOGG~Š8ìÔQkØVÐgzÝQìÔz{ZÐ>™@*ìXz{MiZŠcÆ6,0+}ŧbËZq-{mc»Z§7gLXz{ZKMiZŠ~',ŒÛZggnpƒñÔZИVÐZLÈÅqQìÔZkÃz{QV©8ìXz{ËÅZ¤®)

creative 7™@*XZDwözŠYVƒŠHXZDw¹(,Z÷á²ìXZkÆ0*k¹(,ZåXZkÆ0*k¹(,Z™ZÅåÔpZDwäZKèIC~c*›âVÅËZg~Å pedistle

C~ZLM\ÃZq-"5½5é GEYEñ»Z§¯1c*Z#āZëZLM\ÃËZq-cJ-özŠ7™@*XìÔz{ZkÐZK',Z]»Z´y™g;ìXZ[tZkÅÐ]ì Rejection Crisis tZk»

ZzgZkÅ',Z]Ðï™Zq-7gZ©**)ú0*@*ìXZkÆZgâyiCÙYZgây Rejection ÔZkÅ÷XŒVˆZëTqФ/m,™g;ìc*TqÅè#Ö™g;ìZzgTq»5wZzgâ?™g;ìXz{Zk»fZC5wZzgâ?„ìX÷á²äZLfZCŠ"Ðt³Z~.Hìā»ÑCÚø~CÙ§bÅ**»xVZzg»%Z*Vse$Ðøzx÷Xtz{ZKyì�Š*ÅZkF,(~MäÐZïg™DƒñZÐÈá±zZKy¾~ZÝ2wZzg¾Z�ZÝâ°ìÔz{tÏCF,‘45é ENGE]7÷XZq-Z+Š*ì�Zy‚g~MÑUVÐ0*uìXZq-Š*ì˜V6,CðÅxZãƒXtZkŪˆZëÅñúŠ{ZzgXi{Š*ìÔZëQkŠ*ÃZKfZCŠ*7HXz{HìātŠ*ZKyÅÅðƒð÷Z_ìXtZKy»pZ[ìXtpZ[ˆZë»fZCpZ[7ìXÄÆMy�J-M™

z{ZkŠ*Å',Z]»Z´y™g;ìZzgz{ZkŠ*ÃgŠ™g;ìXz{ZLfZCpZ[ÃZzgZKfZCMgizƒVÃZKâV»˜yMgiz¯ŠêìXtˆZë»Ä~“{ìXZ[z{ZL5wûÑCZzgMù5w¯

™g;ìX Reject Æ7™@*ìXZL§Ã»ÑCZzgMù§¯Æ7™@*ìZzgŠ*ÃeLƒVātiìyÆk»j]

TÅzÝìāZu¬ÝªZãì÷~ÅðƒðŠ*ƒVƺZxÐ(¡ç

GOZQ`

ULO )�Ñð@*Šc6102Y(Ô£ZgŠzÔZzg@»ÒÔº[-Eg;Ôуg 29D e^‡m^Êk

Z[tåãìā[ƒð10+zVÆt"À:¢!ÄßVāte,-ÐāXÅiŠ6,H}g2VÅ�"Ųc*ãìtŠðZVŠð\F,ZðÔtŠðZVŠJgNhzVÅkŠzgJ-akVZzg$+CVÆŠöÅu7åLÕ',sÏ$+1VÔXÆ�èF,Ðk„',sÅakVÅŠzŠ·%Oãì;VtƒMg8-Ôt‘Zg{8jè NEz\V

~QÐZK™¿gzbÅZygZJVнŠzVXÅØ,LM²V÷ÔLM÷÷Xżk,LMvL0*ãì)mmÔ392X492()9(

ŒV¹(,}x@}»¿Š4ìXXßÍVÃiìyÆ¡V~Yä»Z·tìXz{Y…÷āz;VpÒÆ´z{jy»ÌZˆkƒ@*ìÔZkÄ~iìy»kZq-(,~½7gªaZ™@*ìXiìyãCŠ~îg6,ZðZzgM¹Å´#ÖìXi0+ÏÅp[ßgCZzgu÷ág~Å´#ÖìX÷á˜iìyÊ*~ZðÅ´#ÖŒY@*ìXiìyZ!èEL¬ÝÅ´#ÖìXiìyÅìÃZðÅìŒY@*ìXiìy»Šg|#ZðzjyÅ´#ÖŒY@*ìXz{g3�ZKyÆa™ØZgc*V„™ØZgc*VaZ™}Zzgz{g3�ZKyÅ2wË™Š}XZkg5Åè#ÖÆaZzgZkg5Ã÷á+Z0+ZiÐÇàŠ¶Æa·.ç NEH}g5Ð4Ãy‚Z7g{ƒYìX

ˆZëÅp!tìāz{Z7gzV~Z7g}ZzgiñV~ˆió¯@*ìXz{ZK÷á²~Ã%“�Šg%“�™ŠêìXˆZëÅ÷á²~»Zq-z?ZkÅëÏÌìXz{ZLÄ~uz‚ây~¤/÷eZmìZzg‡g~Ãxzgu6,MâŠ{™@*ìX·.ç NEHZg3Ô�ƒð"ZzgZkŲc*ãtZÝ]÷�ZkäZLÚ�Û~”]aZ™äÆazäÅ÷ZzgÄ~ŒÛ¶ÐZˆió¯ñ÷X"ÆZz6,ziy(,~Šk,J-gìÂ"ëYñÏìXZkÆe½Ðc*eJ&4/õ EFEÐÔQk»½xg{Y@*ìÔ"òc*V™Šc*YñÂ"»½x‚gZ²£ÿ

NY@*ìXQkäg5ÅÌÔZk"

ÅÌT6,t‚gZ%‚i~Zzg¡¦6»1ú−ZƒZìZzgZkŲc*ãÅÌÔZkÐz{ZKÐ]Metaphor »ZÖg™@*ìXZy‚g~qzVŲc*ãÅZkäZLÄ~Z7gZCÂx)

(Æfg)è#ÖÅìXtQk»Ä~9.ç XNEìc*ZÐQk»Ä~ZÚi̹YYìX system

ˆZëÆŒV©**):Yæƒ@*ìÔ:q-¥{ƒ@*ìÔz{ñiq-¯@*ìX¹‚g}oø

ˆZëÅÄLL:Ãð]Ò‹3ïEGL§ì:Z¡Í-êG

GL§[óó»‹c*C_· LMO

ÐZq-(,Z�Û*¯@*ìXZk�Û*~Zq-�Û*tÌìÔā6āZq-܇:f‚gppzZÑ®»gR,+~™g;ìÔ˜Voø$+sgT÷X}Šgc*MY@*ìÔ}0+~MYCìZzgz{ZÐ7Õä EO‡:

Z0+Ziл™@*`Y@*ìÔt)�ÛÆ^»zìXZkÆx@}»zìÔZkÆŠ"»zìXt‚g~Ý]Ôt‚gZZÖgZzgt‚gZÒ6ÔtQkÚ^ÆŠzgZygzúƒäzZáZzgZkÅM\VÆ6,ŠzV6,zZgŠƒäzZáZ�Û*÷XZ#Zq-ZKyR,+~™@*ìÂZÐNhÌ

ÃMD÷ÔQÐE—yZzg0+~**áÌÃMD÷XZÐZbCÙÃMD÷ÂZyÃZq-ð»gäZ#Òy™**ƒÂZq-EZzg%æFN@^~�oøn{$+w$+w™ZkÆ‚$45ó EGD÷ÔZyoøÅZkä,ÒyÅìÔtZkÅõ»]óg~»Zq-Z0+ZiìXZkäZÐ^**)7¯c*ÉZÐðÅZg«ßg]~7HìXz{^**)7Ég;Éz{ÂJ¤VŠ3g;ìXtƒJ¤VZkÆ(,}�Û*zZà¦k,»z÷X‰¹Ðg3ÀzVÆ�häÐZq-gà¯ðYCìXz{¦à0YCìÂz{•}ZKZÐZŠe$ÃQk¦à~晊ï÷X¦àÅZ½Î~z{•}ZLM\ÃÜ™Šï÷Xt¹‚g}oø^gì÷ptZq-(,}©**ó»z÷XƒZÅØzV6,gZvÔgZ/V™C÷Xti0+ÏÅgzZãāti0+ÏI~ƒð7ìXZq-)�Û

ZL^ÆŠzgZy¹‚g}$+sƒñ©Š8ìZzgZy$+sƒñ©zVÃz{ZL‡g~Æ‚BÌ_2.ç IJG™g;ìÔp©zVÆ$+%Ð^ÅZ»ðÂZq-„gSìXZKãi0+ÏZzgZkÆæˆiâ]ZzgßZiâ]÷ÔtZy»Zq-Ä~Ò6ì:

Ãð¸e$ÔÃð2wÔÃðqÝ�»Ãð°Š—~»ā|xÃðä»?ÃðÄÌ7Ãð™yÌÂ7‘Z0+ƒ~ìÔ]I\ìÔîÃãì1ßZ}ÏuZc*È+>.ç

GG‰—Ò»3½hé XIV

~¹VYƒVÔ¹VYƒVÔ¹VYƒVÔ¹V?)mÔ492()01(Zk©**óÃÒy™DƒñQk©**óÃZkä"pZzg"g*ŒÛZgŠ}Šc*ìÉZk

(ÆMÐÔ÷á²~Å Imag i na t i on ä©**óÃÍó™Šc*ìX^÷á²~ÆÇ)ÆMЩ**)Íóƒ™g{ŠHìXZ[Z#©**)�ìÔz{Ãu7ìÔ؃ZìÔ Rejection

Zk~Z[z{Zq-•¥aZ™g;ìXtZq-ˆ.çEEL'ìā�Zk»Ñ]Åp[ßgCƱèYNEÇD÷

�SkÆxZ]Æ!*g}~�{ÍgT÷Zzg�ßvªCÙ|ÅR6,i0+Ï~ƒ¼™D÷XZ[z{ZyÐ#¥ìāt‚g~ßg‹qwŠðÆÅâi~™CìXtƒŠCÙ}£g6,Œì

MMO )�Ñð@*Šc6102Y(Ô£ZgŠzÔZzg@»ÒÔº[-Eg;Ôуg 29D e^‡m^Êk

�FF',|7ìXtZKyƪCÙZzg!*í~"3ðIEe$Æ?kƒäÆ‚B‚B@*gO»Ì1ìX6ā‚w−·â~äZKZq-Ä~ˆZë„ÅÇ~¹ì:

t±ð Ndt8xyŠwÉÆtÉ4/õ NHGƒñ»gzZVi0+ÏƹV÷Ô¹V÷õƒpŠ~Æ

).:92( zpZyè¼öæt¹V÷)11(ZϧbZëÅ8391YÅÄL÷á²ó»Zq-ÈZzg‚w−·â~ÅÄL@*`ûó»Zq-È5±

HYYìÔ˜V‚wÉå N·â~ÆŒVZëÐZq-zZA:o]»6,ŠÚÌÃMìX:t²VÔt"VÔt@*�VÅ™*kHƒV~m}gzZ�VÅ™*›ÆŠÔ��VÅ™*ŒV6,´ŠwÅt7ìÃð]ŠgÅVÅÏ7ì

)÷á²:m34( %}GÄQ7ì)21(Zϧb‚wÅÄL@*`ûó6,ZëÆZW,Z]5±KYMh÷ÔZ%ZëZL!*í~¨Zà™D÷ÔZ#ā‚w»Z®gŠZ4Ðic*Š{{g`ŧsCkƒ@*ì:

tmiZgÔtè»)gZÔtût!3©øEGOIŠgzŠ-ZgÔtøZ[Ôt¤tSu÷{äŠzª�»–gZá™ë¾'VÅ›»QhZc*ìèZt

)@*`û:03( )31( %~8[!}Zzg$Õä L™&AôNEÐ

‚w−·â~äˆZëÐOW,ƒ™„t¹åXˆZëä‚w−·â~й¬ZKÄLL÷á²óó~t*yZLeàÐÒy™Šc*åX‚wÆŒVMŠZg~7ìXz{ÒyÅR6,¯zZ]Oo»‚ây™@*ìXz{‡g~Ãic*Š{Å`Zzgl»‚ây�ÛZë7™@*X

ÄÂŒVåƒìXZk‚g}{ÃÄÆ�Û*ÐZµ™ÆŠÚÅ¢zg]ìXCÙPāZkäZkÃ<Æîg6,ÄÆMy�~÷ác*ìÔpÄÂZC!›45é EGCŠZ],{ŒVå™g„ìXZëgYáÆgz-VZzg_.1V»F,)y0™Sk°æ NïZgnÃXg‚“ƒñ©**ó~ˆl™@*ìāZk~µâqèZKy»™ŠZgHì?QkäSk™*þ%A$]åIN{WMÅcz~~

ˆZëÅÄLL:Ãð]Ò‹3ïEGL§ì:Z¡Í-êG

GL§[óó»‹c*C_· NMO

yHìÔ’ZgZìZzgF,¹Ðë)g™DƒñÔSÐZKâVÆg�Ƈ.Þ¯c*ìXZëÆ4,Šq-ZKyÅi0+Ïz{šgìTÅãCŠzV6,™*‡ììZzgTÆÃV6,Š*^g„ìX÷á²ÆŠw~ÚZCZ[ŪSk!*]Åâi~™Cìāt™*Z¤/pŠQkÅpZ¼VZzgWgizîVÆ‚‘~:eRmÂaç NzgzZ]OoJ-g‚ð:0*nÇX÷á²äQyßÍVÃ#¥Hì�°æ NïZgnÆ©**ó~pÙňl~…y÷Ô¼ñhgZ{~Z,ÌWD÷ÔZ#QyÅgzb"YyÏ +Aāö

ENE+AāöENEÃWä@ì18ðFNVā÷Ს~îg6,gYáÆgz-VZzg_.1VЩgìÂZÐïg;

Zzg�¼z{eLìāƒÔQkÆZk**]QÐÃWD÷XtSk**]QÐbCÙè¡]ÔWë[ÔâL[Ô]îVZzg"âgQ¬ªCÙ‚ÃWD÷XQÐSk**]ÅQ!5å OGÂìÔpŠw~zÎÎVäÌuQVg²£é OìXQk»f‚6,Zn{ÔQkÆŠw~¸ŠgŠìā™*Và0YñÔQkµâqè

ZKyÆaāTÆaQÐðHŠHìX‰Zz‡]z{™*ÅVà¦k,ZLf‚~¯@*ìÔT~z{ZKc*ŠzVÔÏVZzg'.5é GEOîVÆg8-½@*ìXQkÆat™*Zq-Z(OkìÔT~

z{g8-½ä»!-.-öGEOìZzgQkäâã!ð N¯ZK»y�QèV~åx1ìXZkZ!5å OGÆ‚BāSk™*

Æ’gäÔplg8-ƒäZzgSkÆlVÅWgizîVŦk,z{¯nÇZzgSk¦k,ÆóN�Š~WäÆzZãSk**]ñ�Š÷XÄÆWy�~{~÷á²äþ$™.0î

EEJÃZ“�Æi%æGLÄZy*gzV»ÏðHìTÐ÷á²Æ»Ñ]Ð0ûzZŠgZu»Z0+Zi{Îc*YYìXˆZë»Ñ]Æ!*g}

gnp÷ÔèÃg{Ä~z{(gzVÆ!*g}~ZL‡g~ understandig ~ZKZq-ûzù]ZzgÃtYïg~Šï÷āƒZKZK(Ãu÷1"Ñe$Åßg‹qwЊzeg÷Xz{ZKyZzg»Ñ]ÆbCÙÅ"Ñe$Ã:ÜsŠÙ÷Éi0+ÏŃe$ÃÌ!cZñÐQY¤/™D÷Ô!*z�ŠZk‚g~ßg‹qwÆZKãi0+ÏZzg»Ñ]Æ]bCÙ»^Yg~z‚g~gLìX÷á²ÄÆWy�~þþþþL$™.0î

EEJÃZ“�ó»ÄZy‡ì™@*ìZzgQkƈ'×h+f~ÄZ**]‡ì™Æ(gzVÅ’uЄg]ßg]èqwÃ:ÜsWs™@*ìÉ»Ñ]Å"Ñe$z"se$ÃÌ

Constitution of World QY¤/™@*ìZzg!*sy�L°æ NïZgnóŧsW@*ìZzgZKãi0+Ï„ÃŒÛZgŠêìÔ˜V**¥x@*gq-ZÑzWÃtÔ»à]NZzgg³™Dƒñ‚-VÐZk»zZô7,@*ìªtŠ*Qk»˜yèWgiz7ìÔpi0+ÏÃß„ìÔt‚g~czèßg]èqwQk6,ZL

lV Trasparent gZi;ñuhÆ‚BzZãìZzgZKãi0+ÏT»¼g¾ƒñâL1VÆÐ7cƿƈƒZìÔ˜VuŠz¤/xiâ:ÐWñgziQk»‚oƒ@*ìÔ˜VõQ~ñãÌ÷Zzg’ÆðgWߊÑêÌ÷ZzgQyÑæVÅiŠ~ZKyÅi0+Ïâb/ìÔZKyC‚]ÅR6,ZzgZLŠw~Z-™ÅVÔrT$z)bZzgÅc*ŠzVÆXÃ@*i{F,™ÆZK

OMO )�Ñð@*Šc6102Y(Ô£ZgŠzÔZzg@»ÒÔº[-Eg;Ôуg 29D e^‡m^Êk

'.5éGEOîVÔWgizîVƦk,—}ª’uЄg]ZKãi0+ÏZzg»Ñ]ƃЩg™*~i0+Ï°æYNEZgä6,�QkÅAÅi0+Ï7ìÔZ+„i0+Ï°æ

YNEZgä6,6gzägìZzgQkÆ‚t§]z»Ñ]ZLÓxUîVÔ˜]ZzggZizVÆ–qgùVÆ‚Bā{¤/ìZzgZKyQÌSk™ÅV½}�`~ë6,6gìXSk‚g~ƒtßg]èqwÆ!*z�ŠQkÅi0+Ï’uÔðZzgyz9.ç XNE

q~Ægóg8-UîVÐz„g]ìZzgZK2wÅY+$gzZVŠzZVìX÷á²äÄÆWy�~{~%õÆŠze0+ÃuŠ3ñ÷Zzg‚B„‚B-gßZzgøIÅwH]Ê3c*ì1Zq-�ÛŠÅ**»ñVZzg»xçVûÑCÚø~se$Ьg~Š3c*ìXèÃg{ßg]èqw÷á²äZLfZCŠ"ÆË~»ÅìÔz{ZLfZC5wZzggZDãûÑCc*WùgZDãc*5w¯™

™ä6,åîg6,¡åGNg]g‚rìX portray

In the end of this poem, poet presented the phenomenon of Universe

as purposeless. The last part of the poem reflects poet's creative art in the

composition of the song of stars entitled as "Nagma-e-Kawaqab" for which,

the universe of perception and understanding of the poet may be estimated.

Majeed Amjad possesses insight and understanding about the universe. In

the poem, under consideration, he makes his reader aware of the planets

which are in the state of motion but their mobility is purposeless. He, not

only sees the purposeless manifestation of the universe and man but also

narrates artistically the atrocities of life; even then, the great journey of the

universe and human life is going on with all its manifestation. The poet

entitles "Nagma-e-Kwaqab" in the end of the poem and after it gives

sub-titles to reflect not only the moments of planets but also brings to light

the purposelessness and meaninglessness of the universe. Then, he draws

his attention towards the earth and declares the birth of man for the

constitution of world. He faces, here, unknown dark horizons, thick dark

clouds, and dancing shadows; in simple words, this dark and dearth world

is not his cherished place. But, life is to be led; this break situation is open to

him, with all its secrets. Human life has come into being through the

filtration of transparency of moons, where hot and cold times are being

faced by him now and then, where freezing waves are working and waves

of slumbers also blows. In this condition, human beings are leading their

lives. Here man loses his own wishes and compels to live through sorrows

and grief, facing problems and difficulties of life. He is subjected to the

ˆZëÅÄLL:Ãð]Ò‹3ïEGL§ì:Z¡Í-êG

GL§[óó»‹c*C_· PMO

atrocities of life. Despite oppression of life, the human life lingers on, creates

novel aspects of art and crafts and moves towards its destination.

___________

jZ!Y]:Ô%A$eZËpZz·i™c*)уg:Z:XÅÔ4102Y(Ômm682Ô782 ÒÒÒÒ××××nnnn^llllôôôôÚÚÚÚrrrrnnnn‚‚‚‚]]]]ÚÚÚÚrrrr‚‚‚‚ ˆZëÔ 1( )

ZÏêÔm882 2( )ZsÔm982 3( )ZsÔm092 4( )ZsÔm192 5( )ZsÔmm192Ô292 6( )ZsÔmm292Ô392 7( )

)уg:ZDwZ»ŠòÔ4102Y(Ôm311X ÒÒÒÒ××××nnnn^llllôôôô]]]]ÎÎÎÎffff^ÙÙÙÙ ·ZDwÔ 8( )Ô%A$eZËpZz·i™c*)уg:Z:XÅÔ4102Y(Ômm392Ô492X ÒÒÒÒ××××nnnn^llllôôôôÚÚÚÚrrrrnnnn‚‚‚‚]]]]ÚÚÚÚrrrr‚‚‚‚ ˆZëÔ 9( )

ZsÔm492X 01( )%A$·-÷‹])уg:�ÝxZZhÜÔky(Ôm92X ÒÒÒÒ××××nnnn^llllôôôô‰‰‰‰^uuuu†††† ‚wÉå N·â~Ô 11( )%A$eZËpZz·i™c*)уg:Z:XÅÔ4102Y(Ôm34X ÒÒÒÒ××××nnnn^llllôôôôÚÚÚÚrrrrnnnn‚‚‚‚]]]]ÚÚÚÚrrrr‚‚‚‚ ZëÔ 21( )%A$·-÷‹])уg:�ÝxZZhÜÔky(Ôm03X ÒÒÒÒ××××nnnn^llllôôôô‰‰‰‰^uuuu†††† ‚wÉå N·â~Ô )31(

–~.:X%A$eZËpZz·i™c*Xуg:Z:XÅÔ4102YX ÒÒÒÒ××××nnnn^llllôôôôÚÚÚÚrrrrnnnn‚‚‚‚]]]]ÚÚÚÚrrrr‚‚‚‚ ZëÔˆX /

Xуg:ZDwZ»ŠòÔ4102YX ÒÒÒÒ××××nnnn^llllôôôô]]]]ÎÎÎÎffff^ÙÙÙÙ ZDwÔ·X /X%A$·-÷‹]Xуg:�ÝxZZhÜÔkyX ÒÒÒÒ××××nnnn^llllôôôô‰‰‰‰^uuuu†††† Éå N·â~Ô‚wX /

��

QMO )�Ñð@*Šc6102Y(Ô£ZgŠzÔZzg@»ÒÔº[-Eg;Ôуg 29D e^‡m^Êk