Funktional Description DTFS112 FD-6 Publicdigitalteknik.eu/attachments/article/2/Functional_Description_DTFS1… · Digital FNPT prod.no. DTFS112 Effective date 19.02.2016 ©2010-2016

Digital FNPT prod.no. DTFS112 Effective date 19.02.2016

©2010-2016 Digital Teknik Sverige., all rights reserved Page 1 Functional_Description_DTFS112_FD-5.docx Issue Number: FD-6 Public version Version: 6

Digital Teknik Sverige www.digitalteknik.eu [email protected] Phone +46 766 369891 Sjögatan 5 SE-234 39 LOMMA, SWEDEN

FunctionalDescription

SE-313

EASA Reference CS-FSTD, Del-ORA, AMC and GM

Notice:

The information provided in this document is proprietary and privileged, and is subject to restricted distribution. See the disclosure statement on the following page for more information

Office

Sjögatan 5, SE-234 39 LOMMA, SWEDEN

FSTD Location Västerlångvägen 9, SE-233 71 Malmö-Sturup, SWEDEN




1 TableofContentsDISCLOSURESTATEMENT..................................................................................................................................................4LISTOFEFFECTIVEPAGES(LEP)....................................................................................................................................5

2 GENERAL...................................................................................................................................................6DEFINITIONS........................................................................................................................................................................6SCOPE....................................................................................................................................................................................6

3 GENERALCONFIGURATION................................................................................................................7COCKPIT................................................................................................................................................................................7

4 INSTRUCTORSTATIONIOS.................................................................................................................7COMPUTERSYSTEM............................................................................................................................................................7

5 MAINTENANCEANDSUPPORT..........................................................................................................8DOCUMENTATION...............................................................................................................................................................8FUNCTIONALDESCRIPTION...............................................................................................................................................8MAINTENANCEMANUALSANDASSOCIATEDDOCUMENTS.........................................................................................8COMPUTERANDPERIPHERALMANUALS.......................................................................................................................8RANGEOFSPARES...............................................................................................................................................................8SIMULATORSPAREPARTS.................................................................................................................................................8COMPUTERSPAREPARTS..................................................................................................................................................8TOOLSANDTESTEQUIPMENT..........................................................................................................................................8MAINTAINABILITY..............................................................................................................................................................8STANDARDIZATION.............................................................................................................................................................8WARRANTY..........................................................................................................................................................................8SUPPORT...............................................................................................................................................................................9FLIGHTDECK.......................................................................................................................................................................9GENERAL...............................................................................................................................................................................9COCKPIT................................................................................................................................................................................9

6 COCKPITINSTRUMENTPANELLAYOUT.....................................................................................10INSTRUMENTPANELOVERVIEWSINGLEENGINEAIRCRAFT..................................................................................10GLASSCOCKPITHYBRIDOVERVIEWSINGLEENGINEAIRCRAFT............................................................................11INSTRUMENTPANELOVERVIEWMULTIENGINEAIRCRAFT...................................................................................12AVIONICSPANEL/COM/NAVADF/DME/AUDIO/MARKER..................................................................................13GNS530WITHOUTBEZELS...........................................................................................................................................13FLIGHTANDENGINECONTROLSHARDWARE.............................................................................................................14MASTERPANEL................................................................................................................................................................14LIGHTSPANEL..................................................................................................................................................................14RIC(REMOTEINSTRUMENTCONSOLE)......................................................................................................................14CONTROLS,SWITCHESANDHANDLES.........................................................................................................................15

7 COCKPIT.................................................................................................................................................16COCKPITMOCK-UP..........................................................................................................................................................16

8 DESCRIPTIONOFSIMULATION......................................................................................................17AERODYNAMICSANDPERFORMANCE...........................................................................................................................17WINDEFFECTS.................................................................................................................................................................17ATMOSPHERE....................................................................................................................................................................17GROUNDHANDLING........................................................................................................................................................17TAKE-OFFANDCLIMB-OUT...........................................................................................................................................17STALLS................................................................................................................................................................................17ONEENGINEINOPERATIVEPERFORMANCE...............................................................................................................17LANDING............................................................................................................................................................................17INSTRUMENTRESPONSES...............................................................................................................................................17




RADIONAVIGATIONSIMULATION.................................................................................................................................17ELECTRICALSYSTEM.......................................................................................................................................................18ENGINESYSTEM...............................................................................................................................................................18FUELSYSTEM....................................................................................................................................................................18PITOTSTATICSYSTEM....................................................................................................................................................18LANDINGGEAR,BRAKESANDNOSEWHEELSTEERINGSYSTEMS.........................................................................18FLIGHTCONTROLSYSTEM.............................................................................................................................................18AVIONICS/RADIOSYSTEMSIMULATION....................................................................................................................19VISUALSYSTEM................................................................................................................................................................20DAYLIGHTVISION.............................................................................................................................................................20NIGHTVISION....................................................................................................................................................................21

9 INSTRUCTORSTATIONIOSINCLUDING“HOWTOTIPS”.......................................................22INSTRUCTORSTATIONFEATURES.................................................................................................................................22IOSOVERVIEW.................................................................................................................................................................22IOSOVERVIEWCONTINUE.............................................................................................................................................23MAP-SCREENIOS............................................................................................................................................................24ATMOSPHERE,SETUP......................................................................................................................................................25ATMOSPHERE,SETUPCONTINUE...................................................................................................................................26WATER,WAVEHEIGHTS,LENGTH,SPEEDANDDIRECTION......................................................................................26AIRCRAFTCHANGEPRACTICALTIPS.............................................................................................................................27AIRCRAFTTYPECHANGE,CONTINUE............................................................................................................................28AIRCRAFTTYPECHANGE,CONTINUE............................................................................................................................29AIRCRAFTSTARTPOSITIONCHANGE...........................................................................................................................30AIRCRAFTSTARTPOSITIONCHANGE,CONTINUE......................................................................................................31MALFUNCTIONMENU,ADDITIONALINFORMATION...................................................................................................32INSTRUCTORSTATIONIOSEQUIPMENTFAILURESMENUTABS............................................................................33WORLD/MTBFTABSINCLUDINGMEANTIMEBETWEENFAILURES....................................................................33EQUIPMENT1TAB,INSTRUMENT,ELECTRICALANDAVIONICSFAILURES............................................................34EQUIPMENT2TAB,YAW,TRIM,BRAKE,FLAPS,WHEEL,AUTOPILOT,PROPETC.FAILURES..............................35EQUIPMENT3TAB,ENGINE,LIGHTSFAILURESANDICECONDITIONS....................................................................36INSTRUMENTTYPESTAB,ENGINEANDFUELFAILURES...........................................................................................37G430TAB,GPS,RECEIVERANDTUNERFAILURES....................................................................................................38GARMIN1000TAB,N/A(NOTINSTALLED)...............................................................................................................39ENGINES1THRU5TAB,MAGNETO,ENGINE-ANDELECTRICFUELPUMPFAILURES...........................................40FLYINGSURFACETAB,AERODYNAMICSANDSTRUCTURALFAILURES....................................................................41NAVAID´STAB,AIRPORTNAVIGATION,VOR,NDBANDOTHERNAVIGATIONFACILITIESFAILURES..............42

10 APPENDIXES.....................................................................................................................................43SINGLEENGINECHECKLISTPAGE1(2)......................................................................................................................43SINGLEENGINECHECKLISTPAGE2(2)......................................................................................................................44SINGLEENGINEOPERATINGSPEEDCARDSESC-1PAGE1(2).............................................................................45SINGLEENGINEOPERATINGSPEEDCARDSESC-1PAGE2(2).............................................................................46MULTIENGINECHECKLISTPAGE1(2).......................................................................................................................47MULTIENGINECHECKLISTPAGE2(2).......................................................................................................................48MULTIENGINEOPERATINGSPEEDCARDMESC-1PAGE1(1).............................................................................49OPERATIONALFLIGHTPLANIFR.................................................................................................................................50




Disclosurestatement

DISCLOSURE STATEMENT

NOTICE:

USE OR DISCLOSURE OF THIS INFORMATION IS RESTRICTED

THE INFORMATION CONTAINED IN THIS FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION MANUAL IS PROPERTY

OF THE FSTD (A) OPERATOR DIGITAL TEKNIK SVERIGE, AND IT IS THE RESPONSIBILITY OF

THIRD PARTY AS INSTRUCTORS, AND/OR FLIGHT SCHOOLS, SCAA AND/OR OTHER

AUTHORITIES OR EXTERNAL CONTRACTORS THAT INTEND TO ACCESS OUR FACILITY TO

ENSURE THAT THIS DOCUMENT AND ALL RELATED DATA REMAIN SECURE. THIS

FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION MANUAL MUST NOT BE MADE AVAILABLE TO PERSONS THAT

ARE NOT DIRECTLY INVOLVED WITH THE OPERATION, MAINTENANCE, OR QUALIFICATION

OF THIS FLIGHT SIMULATION TRAINING DEVICE, WITHOUT THE WRITTEN PERMISSION OF

DIGITAL TEKNIK SVERIGE.

Lomma, Sweden 10.01.2016

Stefan Lund

Accountable Manager




ListofEffectivePages(LEP)

Page Number

Issue Number

Revision Number

Effective Date

Page Number

Issue Number

Revision Number

Effective Date

1 thru 44 FD-1 Initial 02.01.2013 1 thru 44 FD-2 2 18.01.2014 1 thru 45 FD-3 3 25.06.2014 1 thru 45 FD-4 4 12.12.2015 1 thru 46 FD-5 5 10.01.2016 1 thru 50 FD-6 6 19.02.2016




2 GeneralThis document presents a detailed procurement specification for the Digital Teknik Sverige DTFS112 FNPT I, Flight and Navigation Procedures Training Device. Additionally, optional aircraft models subject to FNPT I level qualification are described herein. This FNPT I is qualified as Single Engine Aircraft that correspond to a Piper Aircraft PA28R-201. Qualification id is SE-313.

Definitionsa) Customer Name and address

b) Manufacturer Digital Teknik Sverige, Lomma Sweden

c) Flight deck Cockpit environment replicating a generic aircraft in which the controls and switches will operate as in the aircraft. It is sufficiently enclosed to exclude pilot distraction and furnished with ergonomically positioned pilot seat.

d) Cockpit Instrument panel replicating generic single and generic multi engine piston aircraft with high performance virtual flight instrumentation.

e) Functional A three – dimensional reproduction part connected to system logic or instructor controlled logics.

f) Non-functional A three – dimensional reproduction part not connected to system logics.

g) System logics Limited simulated aircraft systems operation, in accordance to meet the training requirements.

h) Available data Aircraft design data, aircraft Flight Manual, Flight Simulator Maintenance Instructions,

i) Flight test data Data gathered by aircraft manufacturer and test flights carried out by the FNPT manufacturer.

ScopeThe DTFS112 FNPT I equipment shall simulate take-off, in-flight manoeuvres; radio navigation, non-precision, precision instrument approaches and landing in vary of weather conditions and at all areas. Actions by the crew on the simulated controls in the flight compartment interact with the simulated system logics and dependencies in accordance with this specification and the available aircraft data.




3 GeneralConfigurationThe DTFS112 FNPT I consists of the following major sub-assemblies:

a) A Cockpit layout representative of a generic single and multi engine piston aircraft.

b) An Instructor operating station (IOS) to give the instructor access to the simulation environment, as well as to a variety of training tools. TFT IOS screen display various information such as area, approach tracking in visual screen and present instrument panel from aircraft in use.

c) A simulation computer system consisting of state of the art computer hardware, complying with the current industry standards or better and simulation software X-plane Professional by Laminar Research and main system hardware by Precision Flight Controls, Inc and Digital Teknik Sverige produced hardware.

CockpitActual aircraft hardware component is not used except for the Intercom. The manufacturer fabricates a functional device replicating aircraft components. Considerations, which have resulted in the use of replicas, include:

Cost Aircraft approved components are much more expensive.

Reliability Aircraft use is more demanding than Simulator use.

Ease of Maintenance Maintenance access is necessarily different from the real aircraft.

Availability Many aircraft components have unacceptable long lead times leading to delays in simulator delivery and/or maintenance.

4 InstructorStationIOSThe instructor station provides access to the following functions:

Aircraft status Freeze and pause selection Repositioning (not recommended) Change of and pre-selection of atmospheric conditions or manual selection Navigation area selection Editable navigation facilities and navigation fix (only by FSTD Operator) Malfunction selection (availability depending on type of aircraft) View aircraft from different angles in flight View the actual instrument panel at same time as map and profile is shown Hardware check during start-up process (FAA requirement) Sequential power up of all system from a single push button reachable from IOS station Shut down for all system including electrical equipment from IOS by one single click (shut down all) Emergency shutdown of all electrical power reachable from IOS station Simulated ATC communication with the cockpit crew and background radio chatter Selection of initial conditions Selection of situations that can be pre-set in advance Qualification Test procedures results produced as diagram and/or raw data output for extended computing when

appropriate to the test use case.

ComputerSystemThe computer system consists of the current industry standard (high performance) for PC for both Software and Hardware, as well as for the simulation software X-plane Professional by Laminar Research and Precision Flight Controls, Inc.




5 MaintenanceandSupport

DocumentationThe DTFS112 FNPT I (SE-313) contains the following documentation:

FunctionalDescriptionInstructor´s Operating Manual (this manual) describes the Simulator system and provides checklists and descriptions to enable the instructor to set-up and operate the Simulator under normal and abnormal conditions.

MaintenanceManualsandAssociatedDocumentsThis volume contains information primarily concerning the DTFS112 aircraft hardware including technical descriptions and instructions for operating and maintaining of this hardware. The documents will comprise the following:

Aircraft Logbook Safety Management System (SMS) Operational Manual Occurrence Reports (SMS) Audit Report Manual Vendor Data QTG Manual

ComputerandPeripheralManualsThe manufacturer´s documentation of computers and peripherals contain programming, operating and maintenance information.

RangeofSparesAll parts, tools and test equipment recommended by the manufacturer for maintenance of the DTFS112 is available on site.

SimulatorSparePartsThe manufacturer supports the DTFS112 system for five years or longer. In case of obsolesce of parts; the manufacturer will inform the customer in advance for the possibility of last by. The manufacturer will try to find a suitable substitute. Standard parts are available on the market in Sweden and globally are used in the simulator. Special designed parts such as control wheel, avionics and buttons or handles are available at Precision Flight Control PFC. In case of out dated items, other equivalent parts will replace the parts.

ComputerSparePartsSpare parts kept by the manufacturer in-house. However due to fast change in technology, some parts might differ from the original unit. The compatibility is provided at all times. Standard parts available on the market in most all country are used.

ToolsandTestEquipmentThe manufacturer is using own designed and common tools and test equipment. Service will be done at site. Simulator should not be connected to any network outside the simulators local network (LAN) due to security reason and unwanted software updates.

MaintainabilityThe DTFS112 aircraft is designed with maintainability in mind. Every effort has been made to ensure there is minimal need to disassemble equipment or to remove parts.

StandardizationIndustry standard, high-grade common parts and assemblies are used to a high extent wherever it is applicable or practical.

WarrantyThe manufacturer will guarantee 12 months after on-site installation and acceptance that the equipment and any initial spare parts sold to the customer will be free from defects in material, workmanship and design under normal use and service.




SupportThe manufacturer could on request offer a technical support as a separate agreement.

FlightDeck

GeneralThe flight deck is truss designed in steel to withstand normal loads, shocks and other conditions incidental to normal operation, transportation and assembly. The structure is sufficiently rigid to assure that there is no discernible, movement of the DTFS112 due to forces entered by student/pilots within the flight deck or due to re-location of the simulator.

The surface in the simulator cover from the firewall to the aft of the crewmember seat. An open Instructor station is attached to the flight deck as a separate unit.

Cockpit

The interior of the flight deck is designed according to the aircraft specified. Non-aircraft hardware, such as switches and knobs are placed in the correct location and provide the same general action. They are in a similar appearance to those in the aircraft.




6 CockpitInstrumentPanelLayout

InstrumentPanelOverviewSingleEngineAircraft

Pilot Instrument panel (also shown on IOS except for *GPS screen)

*GPS GNS 530 Screen is dependent on GNS WAAS hardware interface at the main Radio Stack control unit. VOR/LOC/GS Indicator KI-206 Airspeed Indicator Generic for single engine Altitude Indicator Generic for single engine Vertical Speed indicator Generic for single engine Attitude Indicator KI-256 HSI Indicator KI-525A DG indicator without HSI Generic old fashion DG RPM Indicator Generic for single engine MP & Fuel Flow Indicator Generic for single engine EGT Indicator Generic for single engine Suction Indicator Generic for single engine Compass (liquid type) Generic common type ADF Indicator KI-227 Annunciator Panel Generic Oil, ALT, Hand Brake and VAC Altitude Hold/VS Indicator Generic digital indicator GPS KNS 530 Screen (w/o Bezels) Turn & Bank Indicator Generic common type Storm scope Generic common type OAT Indicator Generic common type Clock Generic common type Trim Indicator Generic electrical Flaps Position Indicator Generic electrical Stall Indicator Generic visual and sound Amp meter Indicator Generic common type Oil Temp. Indicator Generic common type Oil Press. Indicator Generic common type Fuel Indicator Generic common type separate Left and Right Fuel Press. Indicator Generic common type Aircraft Sign placard Generic common type Manoeuvre speed placards Generic common type (PA28R)




GlassCockpitHybridOverviewSingleEngineAircraft


*GPS GNS 530 Screen is dependent on GNS WAAS hardware interface at the main Radio Stack control unit. PFD Hybrid (Avidyne type) Generic for single engine Engine Monitor Cake Indicator Generic for single engine Dual DME (Avidyne type) Generic for single engine Suction Indicator Generic for single engine Compass (liquid type) Generic common type ADF Indicator KI-227 Annunciator Panel Generic Oil, ALT, Hand Brake and VAC Altitude Hold/VS Indicator Generic digital indicator GPS GNS 530 Screen (w/o Bezels) OAT Indicator Generic common type Clock Generic common type Trim Indicator Generic electrical Flaps Position Indicator Generic electrical Stall Indicator Generic visual and sound Amp meter Indicator Generic common type Oil Temp. Indicator Generic common type Oil Press. Indicator Generic common type Fuel Indicator Generic common type separate Left and Right Fuel Press. Indicator Generic common type Aircraft Sign placard Generic common type Manoeuvre speed placards Generic common type (PA28R)




InstrumentPanelOverviewMultiEngineAircraft


*GPS GNS 530 Screen is dependent on GNS WAAS hardware interface at the main Radio Stack control unit. The dependencies could also affect such as the cowl flap handle. VOR/LOC/GS Indicator KI-206 Airspeed Indicator Generic for single engine Altitude Indicator Generic for single engine Vertical Speed indicator Generic for single engine Attitude Indicator KI-256 HSI Indicator KI-525A RPM Indicator Generic for multi engine Left and Right Manifold Pressure Indicator Generic for multi engine Left and Right Fuel Flow & CHT Indicator Generic combi for multi engine Left and Right Turbo Inlet Temp. Indicator Generic combi for multi engine Left and Right Oil Temp. & Oil Press. Indicator Generic combi for multi engine Left and Right Suction Indicator Generic for multi engine Left and Right with indicator lamp Compass (liquid type) Generic common type RMI Indicator KI-229 dual needle Annunciate Panel Generic AP disconnect, Oil press, Pitot heat, AP Servo, Alternators, Hand Brake and VAC Altitude Hold/VS Indicator Generic digital indicator GPS KNS 530 Screen (W/o Bezels) Turn & Bank Indicator Generic common type OAT Indicator Generic common type Clock Generic common type Trim Indicator Generic electrical Flaps Position Indicator Generic electrical Cowl Flaps Indicator Generic dual electric Stall Indicator Generic visual and sound Amp meter Indicator Generic common type left and Right Fuel Indicator Generic common type separate Left and Right Aircraft Sign placard Generic common type Manoeuvre speed placards General common type (PA34) Call outs (audio) Optional




AvionicsPanel/Com/NavADF/DME/Audio/Marker

Precision Flight Control Avionics with reel GPS WAAS Interface. GPS Screen without bezels is embedded in the Single and Multi engine aircraft Instrument Panel. A real aviation Garmin 1000 and/or GNS 430/GNS 530 can be used as well (as option)! Please find separate Garmin GNS 430 User Manual document

GNS530withoutbezels.Implemented in the instrument panel.

Navigation database available from Garmin (G1000) as option.




FlightandEngineControlshardware

MasterPanelBattery Master Switch Alternator 1 Alternator 2 Avionic Master Switch Magneto Switch Left (Key lock) Magneto Switch Right (Key lock) Parking Brake Emergency Gear Extension (not shown in image)

LightsPanelNAV light Strobe light Taxi light Landing light

RIC(RemoteInstrumentConsole)8 encoders located below instrument panel edge to control instrument settings shown on instrument panel.




Controls,SwitchesandHandlesPitot Heat Switch Anti Ice Switch Fuel Boost Pump 1 Fuel Boost Pump 2 Fuel Tank Selector Switch Cowl Flaps Switch Alt Static Air Switch Throttle Quadrant (Interchangeable to Single Engine and Multi Engine Aircraft) Flaps Switch Hobbs Meter Landing Gear Switch with Gear Position Lights Emergency Gear Extension Aileron and Rudder Trim Controls Cast Aluminium Yoke with Elevator Trim Switch, and A/P Disconnect Switch IAL holder with light on the Control Yoke Dim control Panel Light Intercom PIC and Co-pilot (real aircraft hardware) is to be used with aviation headset.

Images above show a multi engine configuration. Convertible by change the throttle, prop and mixture unit. From IOS station multi engine aircraft is loaded to obtain a simulated Piper Seneca V.




7 CockpitSE-313

CockpitMock-up

The Cockpit Mock-up is split in two parts, which make it easy and possible to transport the units thru a normal door opening standards of 780 mm. The Cockpit it is also fully enclosed with a curtain at the rear of cabin to avoid distraction of surrounding lights etc. It also kept the pilot from other distractions to gather a real feeling of flight.

The cockpit is equipped with vibration unit to get a higher level of flight feeling as reel flight.




8 DescriptionofSimulation

AerodynamicsandperformanceThe aerodynamic flight simulation will widely reproduce the flight characteristics of a single and multi engine aircraft. The simulation of the flight performance is based on an accurate data from the aircraft manufacturer e.g. Piper Aircraft Corporation published at FAA. Full consideration is given to all variable surfaces and their effects, which include:

Variation of aircraft longitudinal, lateral and directional stability with altitude, airspeed and gross weight, stall characteristics, one engine inoperative characteristics, ground-handling characteristics.

WindEffectsThe effect of wind from any direction at speeds from zero knots up to sixty knots including wind share is realistic simulated and controlled by instructor

AtmosphereVariation of temperature, pressure and density with altitude does follow the ISA standard model.

GroundHandlingSimulation does include turning effect due to rudders; brakes and nose wheel, representative flare and touchdown effects as well as asymmetric thrust effects are simulated. Inbuilt vibration function will increase the feeling of touch down and/or ground handling.

Take-OffandClimb-OutWith parking brake set and applied power, proper Aircraft pitch effects are simulated. During take-off, heading control is accomplished via the use of nose wheel steering and/or rudder.

StallsThere is full representation of the “approach to stall” and the recovery from it. Stall is simulated by Cockpit instruments and associated flight characteristics. Visual and aural stall-warning signal is presented.

The influence of Aircraft attitude, gross weight, configuration and altitude is also simulated.

OneEngineInoperativePerformanceFull representation of One-Engine inoperative characteristics and performance are implemented.

LandingThe following is simulated during the landing phase; Rate of decent versus speed, power setting and wind conditions, Control approach response, Stall speeds in the approach and landing configuration, Ground roll and deceleration.

Ground effects and air to ground transients are simulated to the best available data, representative of the in-ground effect characteristics of the actual flight.

InstrumentResponsesInstrument responses to actual Aircraft responses do reflect:

Aircraft slip and rate of turn Rate of turn, as a function of bank angle and airspeed Attitude, altitude, rate of climb and trim changes with speed gear position and flap setting changes Pitch attitude, as a function of gross weight and airspeed

RadioNavigationSimulationRadio Navigation Computation (excluded GPS data in this context)

Digital Teknik Sverige does not assure that the database is current since this purpose is for training only. However, the database shall map the data of what includes in the training programmes training materials. The database is manually to be updated as an option by the operator’s maintenance manager on site for those airports that is the subject for training to obtain highest accuracy compared of published instrument approach procedures.




Periodical updates of navigation database are available from a world wide community if necessary. Modification of existing and creation of new facilities are done using the modification page and then the database are send to Robin Peel, Seattle, Washington U.S. to be checked a spread around the world to other user of same software. Digital Teknik Sverige does not leave any guaranty of this performance or update cycles.

ElectricalSystemChanging the status of electricity consumers in the Cockpit (e.g. switching on/off Avionics panel) are reflected in the consumption of electricity. Should the Aircraft’s electrical systems run on battery only without being constantly fed by the alternator, battery load will decrease and results in a under voltage situation.

EngineSystemThe engine and the associated controls and indicators are simulated as described in the Aircraft data. The basis for the engine and Aircraft model is a Piper Seneca V and a Piper Arrow IV.

Simulations of the power plants include engine start on the ground and in the air, normal-and emergency handling, acceleration and deceleration and shut down. Variation of the effects of altitude, airspeed and ambient temperature are included in the performance computations.

Characteristics for the applicable engine and their effect on the flight path are reproduced in response to engine control selections.

The engine monitoring system has the capability of depicting a realistic representation of engine operations.

Propeller control and operation are realistically simulated. This includes full range of pitch control, feathering and propeller governing.

FuelSystemThe Aircraft fuel system is simulated in accordance with Aircraft data. The effects of fuel use are simulated. Fuel quantity indicators are simulated from Aircraft data.

PitotStaticSystemThe Aircraft pitot static system is simulated in accordance with Aircraft data.

LandingGear,BrakesandNoseWheelSteeringSystemsThe normal landing gear system controls, indicators and warning sounds are simulated according to the Aircraft data.

The simulated Aircraft brake system has a realistic force feel and also represents asymmetrical brake functionality. Parking brake control is simulated.

Nose wheel steering is simulated and the pedal forces are spring loaded.

FlightControlSystemThe flight controls are installed for a single Pilot operation in the Cockpit and correspond according to the available Aircraft data. A spring force mechanic carries out realistic feel of force.

The simulation of trim for elevator, rudder and aileron is provided. Trim position Indicators-Software and Hardware are present for elevator and rudder and reflect system operation.

The Aircraft flaps and gear operation is simulated and affects the Aircraft’s performance




Avionics/RadioSystemSimulationGeneral

All avionics operate as they would in the actual Aircraft, except as explained in this section. Avionics operation is limited by the capabilities of the DTFS112 navigation system. The avionics of the DTF112 include the following:

Audio / Intercom Audio Panel NAV/COM Receivers (2) ADF DME Transponder Autopilot, Coupled Approach, GS, Nav and GPS and GA (Go around). Flight Director available when use non glass cockpit instrument panel. GPS (Garmin GNS 530/430) panel. Virtual screen is present on instrument panel.

Audio System The audio control system simulates NAV, COM, ADF, DME, Marker audio, Nav aid ident and Intercom that produce audible through the loudspeakers and through the headphones.

VHF Navigation / Communication System The COM operates as in the actual Aircraft with the exception that the COM part does only display the frequency and has no effect on communication between instructor and pilot. The Navigation part is simulated according to the approved Aircraft data.

Transponder System The Transponder is simulated according to the original device.

ADF System The ADF system is simulated according to the original device.

DME System The DME system is simulated according to the original device.

GPS System The GPS System is simulated according to the original device. Navigation database update is possible by using Garmin G1000 database with only a tiny modification. Flight Director / Autopilot System The DTFS112 has a fully functional automatic flight control system, including autopilot and flight director.

Sound System The following sounds are simulated in the Cockpit of the DTFS112:

Engine Propeller Low Throttle Gear Warning Landing Gear retraction and extension Flaps retraction and extension Touchdown bumps aural and a Butt Kicker System (vibrations in the cockpit floor and shell) Stall warning Weather Wind speed related to the Aircraft Identification of navigation transmitters ATIS Aural callouts for Multi engine configurations such as, Gear, Height during approaches, Terrain etc. Radio chatter from ATC and air traffic (recorded sounds randomly play back in background)




VisualSystemSingle Channel Visual Systems stretched out on three screens

3 TFT Widescreen with stretched image via digital splitter fed via high performance digital video card from separate computer only handling the visual part of the simulation.

Daylightvision

Airport Associated Lighting Facilities

Approach lighting system Runway lighting system Taxiway lighting system VASI /PAPI lights Runway Identification Lights (REIL) Strobe lights if exists in reel airports

Note: Airport buildings, hangars, vehicles and trees etc. are intentional removed from the graphics to gain best performance from the systems.




Nightvision

The Visual features a realistic time and light condition simulation. Sunrise, sunset set changing ambient light are correctly represented based on an accurate astronomic model.




9 InstructorStationIOSIncluding“HowToTips”

X-Plane has the best instructor interface in the industry. Page after page of adjustable parameters, failures, moving maps, weather and aircraft position controls.

InstructorstationfeaturesThe IOS components are:

Two LCD screens Keyboard and mouse Instructors microphone Printer to print screens from IOS such as the map,

localizer and the glide path profile. Emergency STOP button Sounds Communication External power switches Freeze (total, position and pause)

Reposition (use with care) Recording and playback flight Managing pre-defined situations Atmosphere pages including weather radar Navigation modification page Configuration page Malfunction page Time of year Time of day

IOSOverviewInitial position start-up is set to a predefined position where the instructor has possibility to load self-created state files containing Aircraft loading, cockpit instrument settings, weather conditions, and malfunction and aircraft position. More details in page number 19 and forward.

IOS shown on the left hand side and an actual mirror of cockpit instrument panel on the right hand side except for virtual GPS.




IOSOverviewcontinue

AT the IOS right screen it is also possible to view the aircraft behaviours in the air. Aircraft can also be viewed from outside 360 degrees around the aircraft in flight. These features could be used for better understanding of rudder primary and secondary operation e.g. This is very useful from a pedagogic point of view when explaining different situations, conditions and manoeuvres.




Map-ScreenIOSThe instructor is able to set the Runway or to reposition the aircraft to any desired map position around the world. The map page contains all data such as navigation facilities, radio communication, ATIS and navigation fix.

The map page also contains actual airspeed, altitude, and transponder code, heading and 3d position of the aircraft.

IOS shows a map of actual flying areas, which can be zoomed in and out as well as the approach profile.

Aircraft load, Centre of Gravity, fuel, weather, freeze, pause, shut down and more can be managed by the instructor from the IOS.




Atmosphere,setup

The weather configuration controls atmospheric condition in the simulated environment. Parameters such as temperature, pressure, wind speed directions and speed, air turbulence, wind shear, three different levels of cloud layers’ top and cloud base for each of them are variable that the instructor has possibility to change. An optional function is to let the weather controls download actual weather via Internet. In our configuration Internet connection is disabled to avoid unwanted upgrades, and to minimize risk of threats.

All kinds of weather situations could be setup such as wind directions, wind speed, wind shear, visibility and runway condition e.g. if it is wet and slippery.

Several pre-defined weather conditions such as CAT 1 up to CAVOK is available by a simple click on the left hand menus. Thunderstorms, precipitations, snow and hail etc. is easy to setup.

Real weather download function requires connection to WAN (Wide Area Network). This is not available due present off-line operation of this FNPT.




Atmosphere,setupcontinue

Visibility value could only be set in Statue miles (sm). It could be set as predefined values shown on table below or own numbers could be used as table below shows. This matrix is also to be used to recalculate meters to sm.

Example: To get 1000 meters’ visibility, manually input should be 0,6 sm that gives the closest to 1000 meters.

Water,waveheights,length,speedanddirection

For seaplane this option could be useful.




AircraftchangePracticaltips

How You should change aircraft type from IOS station? Click on “Load Aircraft” on left hand menu as image show below

You will get this menu if the simulator was configured with Piper Arrow from last session.




Aircrafttypechange,continue

Always when you will go back to see single and twin engine menu abowe. Click on scroll down menu on top and chose DTFS112 as first action.

Then you can access Twin or Single engine menu as abowe. In this example we use Single engine.




Aircrafttypechange,continueNow you can open Arrow IV to see the variants available of Arrow IV. Note: Do not use Archer or QTG variant!

Next image where to chose the variant of instrument panel

In this case we use Arrow IV with HIS instrumentation with either Hybrid Glass Cockpit (Avidyne), DG (old fashion directional gyro) or HSI slaved directional gyro. It is always file with extension “.acf” that is aircraft the files! Click on “open”. Arrow instrument panel with HIS gyro panel should be visible on instrument panel in cockpit.




AircraftStartPositionChange

Normally e.g. at ESMS (Malmö Airport) aircraft is by default lined up at Runway (Rwy 17 or Rwy 35). If you want aircraft to taxi on taxi way to a specific runway intersection. First click on “Load Airport” from IOS menu. Find button “Apron N Before Yankee” and click on this button one.

Note! Avoid to write anything into Apt and avoid to click on Go To This Airport!

If you by mistake changed the airport, write the airport name or scroll to find it from the list shown.

Remember that all airport shown in this list is not always working or updated!

Be careful so you don’t mess your self up!




AircraftStartPositionChange,continue

After chosen ramp position “Apron N Before Yankee”, the aircraft is located at this point on the map.

North Apron before Yankee.

From behind aircraft it shows like this

From that point

1. taxi straight ahead to intersection “Charlie” 2. turn right on Yankee to intersection “Bravo” or continue taxi to Holding Rwy 35 3. turn left to Holding Rwy 17.

Of course you can taxi all way down to Rwy 11 and Rwy 29 or to any position as you want.




Malfunctionmenu,additionalinformationIn case of strange behaviours with unidentified malfunction.

In the lower part of this screen/menu be sure that this box is unmarked! Otherwise simulator decide randomly malfunctions to be activated automatically and it is difficult to identified. Image below in the upper left shows where to reset ALL malfunctions with just one click!

Tis is very useful to reset all malfunctions instead of messing around to find what it is set to activate a malfunction.




InstructorStationIOSEquipmentFailuresMenuTabsNotice that some options of malfunction may not be available due to what simulated aeroplane and its equipment is used! All equipment failures could also be setup to automatically occur of randomized timing.

World/MTBFtabsincludingMeanTimeBetweenFailures

Always working means that the failures will not occur. Unmark “use mean-time-between failures random failure” if you want to control when failures and what failures should occur. Each function has a dropdown menu as shown above, where you can select;

Always working Mean time until failure Exact time until failure Fail at exact speed KIAS Fail at exact altitude AGL Inoperative

If “use mean-time-between failures random failures”, it is randomizing which function that will fail and when. Simulator has control of failures whatever instructor select. We recommend to disable his function!

This functionality is the same for all the menus within these areas.




Equipment1tab,instrument,electricalandavionicsfailures

Each function has a dropdown menu where you can select;





Equipment2tab,yaw,trim,brake,flaps,wheel,autopilot,propetc.failures






Equipment3tab,engine,lightsfailuresandiceconditions






InstrumentTypestab,engineandfuelfailures






G430tab,GPS,receiverandtunerfailures






Garmin1000tab,n/a(notinstalled)






Engines1thru5tab,magneto,engine-andelectricfuelpumpfailures






FlyingSurfacetab,aerodynamicsandstructuralfailures






Navaid´stab,airportnavigation,VOR,NDBandothernavigationfacilitiesfailures

Navigation facilities shown in the southern part of Sweden where centre of aircraft is ESMS (MMX).

What the navigation facilities shows is depending on where the aircraft actual present position is.




10 APPENDIXES

SingleEngineChecklistpage1(2)




SingleEngineChecklistpage2(2)




SingleEngineOperatingSpeedCardSESC-1page1(2)




SingleEngineOperatingSpeedCardSESC-1page2(2)




MultiEngineChecklistpage1(2)




MultiEngineChecklistpage2(2)




MultiEngineOperatingSpeedCardMESC-1page1(1)




OperationalFlightPlanIFR

END OF DOCUMENT