! Fungi and the National Biological Survey

Current Status of the NBS Bill ,,. And an Alarm Call to Field B io log i s t s

ASC Washington Initiative 8(7), 23 June 1994

The House Appropriation Committee's Subcommittee on Interior and Related Agencies marked up the ap- propriations bill last week, and the full House will vote on it soon. As expected, the report language (which gives the intent of Congress) limits the use of volunteers to programs which have previously been authorized. This effectively prohibits the use of volunteers in any National Biological Survey program that did not pre- viously exist prior to organization of the Survey, since the Survey itself has yet to be authorized. the Survey is not to use volunteers for new surveys unless authorized and an acceptable policy on the use of volunteers has been developed. Specific guidelines are called for to ensure that volunteers are committed to providing un- biased, objective information and are well qualified. Furthermore, Survey employees are not to enter private property without permission.

The proposed budget for the Survey suffered cuts of nearly $10 million and include over $4 million for re- search and $750,000 for state partnerships. The total came down to $1 67 million. The Cooperative Research Units were maintained at the 1994 level. It had been hoped that the CRU's could be given an additional $900,000 so that full staffing could be achieved, and that one or two new CRU's could be initiated in the near future. Language in the bill itself states that the NBS funds are only for programs as authorized for the bureaus whose activities were assumed by the Survey until other authorization is in place. Hence it is important that the NBS be authorized in the near future, or we can expect no new program funding. But authorization has been delayed because of opposition to environmental legislation in general and the threat of onerous amend- ments. The NBS and virtually all federal environmental programs are being seriously challenged in both hous- es of Congress.

Why is the NBS authorization and appropriation in trouble? For one thing, the opposition does not appear to believe that scientific information could be in their best interest. There i s fear that discovery of new species or

i

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of rare species on private lands will prevent development and reduce the economic value of the land. The solution for these people i s to minimize scientific exploration. The commodities interests and related private lands advocates are well funded, well organized, and contain strong "grass roots". Congresspeople are hearing from these people in large numbers, particularly in Western and farm states. The Farm Bureaus in many states are adamant opponents of conservation legislation. Public opinion does matter. Has Congress heard from those who support biological research as a way of providing for sound development of biological resources? As one friend of the NBS recently said, "The NBS really has no advocate on the Hill (in Congress)."

There are several issues involved in the debate on the NBS and the Endangered Species Act that will affect the way biologists do their research. The most obvious one i s the drive to require written permission to enter private lands for the purposes of collecting survey and inventory data. while the current focus is on NBS employees, sever- al bills written to strengthen property rights in reaction to the Endangered Species Act are more broadly constructed. HR3875lS1915 states that an Agency may not enter pri- vately-owned property to collection information regarding the property unless the owner has consented in writing and has been provided notice of entry, and has been notified that any raw data collected from the property must be made available at no cost, if requested by the private property owner. Furthermore, an agency may not use data that is collected on privately-owned property to implement or enforce any of the Acts unless the agency head has provided to the private property owner access to the information, a detailed description of the manner in which the information was collected, and an opportunity to dispute the accuracy of the information, and the agency head has determined that the information i s accurate, if the private property owner disputes the information. Given the fact that rhetoric surrounding these bills is focused on the perceived damage that information can do to property values, one may expect increased scrutiny and distrust of field biologists by citizens who are exposed to such rhetoric.

While it may seem innocent enough to require written permission before doing research on private lands, field biologists are aware of the practical obstacles, the most obvious of which is absentee landowners, many of whom are foreign corporations, banks, conglomerates, etc. who not only are difficult to locate (impossible on short notice) but who have no incentive to cooperate. This i s not a question of knocking on the door of a homeowner, but more akin to a legal title search. Furthermore, even local citizens may hesitate to sign a government-mandated per- mission form, due to incomplete understanding of the need, or fear of liabilities, whereas most people do not hesitate to give oral permission to field biologists. while we understand the motivation of those seeking a require- ment of written permission, we feel that biologists should let policymakers know the unintended as well as the intended consequences: introduction of a great encum- brance to doing basic biological field research, which itself is needed in order to support "wise use" of biological resources.

We need more concrete case studies and examples of biological field work (Systematics and environmental biology, including survey and inventory work) that has lead to better use of natural resources and economic benefit. These examples should be put forward to Con- gress NOW, and should be recited in public. The exam- ples should be phrased positively and used to counter the rhetoric that scientific information is somehow dangerous or bad. ASC would like to receive copies of any published letters, or any correspondence with Congress people.

We have heard unofficially that four states have been chosen for state partnerships with the NBS: Maryland, North Carolina, Illinois, and Arizona. We know no details at this time. Other states will have special NBS projects contained in them; these will probably include California, Hawaii, and Florida. Ron Pulliam was sworn in as the first NBS Director last week.

K. Elaine Hoaglond Executive Director Association of Systematics Collections

If YOU know of any concrete case studies or examples of biological field work of the type sought by the ASC to support the research component of the National Biological Survey, please contact either Elaine Hoagland at the Association for Systematics Collections (phone 202-347-2850) or Amy Rossman (phone 301-504- 5435 / fax 301-504-5435) NOW.

The issues raised in Elaine Hoagland's article above about how studies in field biology should

be conducted and the elaborate sorts of permis- sions that could be required may have profound implications for many MSA members. These issues merit your particular attention as well as your action both in your own behalf and for your fellow biologists. Make your concerns known to your congressional representatives and senators, as well as through the MSA Liaison for Public Affairs (Amy Rossman) and the Associa- tion for Systematics Collections.

Fungi as Part o f the National Biological Survey and Other Government Research Initiatives:

PROGRESS! by Amy Rossman

Interest in the fungi is definitely on the rise. Now is the time to act responsibly and positively to take action and advantage of the opportunities that are coming into existence.

I thank all of you who wrote letters to the Dr. Gene Hess and others at the National Biological Survey about the importance of fungi as part of their effort. The new administrator, Dr. Ron Pulliam, Dr. Peter Raven, chair of the Committee on the NBS, and others have become in- creasingly aware of the importance of fungi in biological systems and their general neglect in this and other govern- ment programs. Several mycologists are employed by the NBS including our own Don Gardner in Hawaii, and two lichenologists, Dr. Jim Bennett, Madison, Wisconsin, and Dr. Steve Selva, Fort Kent, Maine.

Over the past months Greg Mueller, Jim Bennett, Bob Fogel and myself have contributed to the NBS Status and Trends Report on macrofungi, lichens, truffles and micro- fungi. Although the fungi were initially relegated to a sub- set of the chapter on non-vascular plants, they eventually emerged as three chapters with a special box on hypo- geous fungi. I have met twice with Dr. Sam Droege of the NBS Surveys and lnventory Program to discuss "what to do about the fungi" and a write-up with suggestions for projects i s printed as a separate article. In addition, Dr. Elaine Hoagland of the Association of Systematics Collec- tions has met with Dr. Ron Pulliam in negotiating the ASC Memorandum of Understanding (see , May, 1994) and

mentions the fungi as an important but neglect-ed group of organisms. Your input and suggestions to Dr. Ron Pul- liam, your state environmental officials, or any other con- tacts are welcome.

Concerning another biodiversity initiative Dr. Dan Jan- Zen has selected the fungi as one of four groups of organ- isms to be included in the pilot project for his All Taxa Biodiversity lnventory (ATBI), the first of which is to be undertaken at the Guanacaste Reserve in Costa Rica. As any mycologist knows, an attempt to determine all the fungi in even a very small terrestrial area i s an awesome task. However, we have two options - decide that it's too hard and quit or give it our best shot! Over the next year planning sessions will take place to develop a strategy to conduct an ATBI for fungi.

Finally, thanks to Dr. Paul Dunn and others, the USDA- Forest Service is recognizing the fungi as a group of organ- isms about which increased knowledge is needed and has directed funds to several organizations to support the study of fungi. Dr. Hal Burdsall will be rejuvenating the herbarium at the Center for Forest Mycology Research, Madison, Wisconsin, by bringing the specimens down from the attic, installing compactors, and working to com- puterize the specimen data. The mycologists in the west- ern United States are organizing a major project on their old-growth fungi about which you can read elsewhere.

We must continue to work with administrators, the media, and other science policy makers to educate them about the importance of fungi and opportunities for research and education about fungi.

Fungi as Part of the National Biological Survey by Amy Y. Rossrnan

Fungi are a fundamentally important group of organisms that interact with all other organisms in complex ecosys- tems. They are ubiquitous. They mediate critical biologi- cal and ecological processes either through absorption of nutrients from the soil to vascular plants or through break- down of organic matter prior to or after organismal death. Lichenized fungi are differentially sensitive to air pollution and thus can be used to monitor the environment. Recent- ly certain groups of non-lichenized fungi particularly ecto- mycorrhizal species of the Agaricales have been shown to be declining due to environmental factors. Fungi can serve as indicator species for defining habitats such as co- niferous old growth in the Pacific Northwest where they are an essential element in the food chain that includes the spotted owl. Thus, there is an urgent need to recog- nize and characterize the diversity of fungi that exists throughout the world as well as to assess the usefulness of fungi in measuring and monitoring changes in the biotic and abiotic environment.

Knowledge about fungi lags far behind most groups of organisms for several reasons, primarily because of the small number of systematic mycologists and the large

number of microscopic fungi. Although never particularly numerous, probably about 10-20% of the number of vas- cular plant systematists, positions in organismal systematic mycology have declined sharply in the last decade. This trend may be reversing itself with the increasing interest in fungi as producers of pharmaceuticals and as essential components of ecosystem.

The Ideal versus Reality in Systematic Knowledge about Fungi

Ideally all fungi would be described and illustrated with accurate, meaningful scientific names and tools would be available that non-specialists could use to identify fungi. Using these tools fungi could be used to monitor environ- mental changes, to indicate endangered habitats, and to predict particular species with potential value to humanity as pharmaceuticals, industrial enzymes, agents for bio- remediation, and alternatives to fertilizers in agriculture through effective biological control and endomycorrhizal root associates.

Although attainment of the ideal situation would require considerable financial and educational resources, steps toward this end can be taken as outlined below.

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1. Authoritative /is& of accepted scientific names with synonyms and alternate morphs.

Lists of accepted scientific names are needed as a resource for many persons dealing with fungi. At present lists exist for the 13,000 fungi on plants and plant prod- ucts in the United States including rusts, smuts, polypores, ascomycetes, and fungi imperfecti. This was developed by the Systematic Botany and Mycology Laboratory of the USDA-Agricultural Research Service and are freely avail- able over Internet. Authoritative lists of lichens have been developed by the American Bryological and Lichenologi- cal Society and are available for a price (hopefully, this will change). The groups of fungi in need of authoritative lists are mushrooms (Agaricales), soil fungi, and insect- associated fungi.

A cadre of scientists working on Agaricales in the United States may be willing to work toward developing lists of accepted species of mushrooms. The Agaricales in- clude both ectomycorrhizal species that are essential for the growth of trees and sensitive to air pollution and thus should be given high priority. Compiling lists of soil fungi and insect-associated fungi is difficult, although myco- logists may be willing to direct efforts to this end if they perceive a need and have the resources and electronic means to do so.

2. Identification Tools for Fungi

A few groups of fungi are relatively well-known, (70- 80% described) and can be identified by specialists to the generic level and often to species. These groups are the Polyporaceae sensu lato, lichens, most Uredinales (rusts) and Ustilaginales (smuts). For many groups of fungi, how- ever, identification to the generic level is difficult even for specialists with many new species are encountered, parti- cularly outside those fungi associated with agricultural commodities.

In order to include fungi in surveys and inventories in the United States, identification tools useful to nonspe- cialists are needed. The first priority should be to develop these for relatively well-known groups of fungi. A mono- graph of lichens in North America with keys, descriptions, and illustrations is scheduled for publication in late 1995. This book and CD-ROM will allow non-specialists to identify lichens to the species level and thus facilitate the inclusion of lichens in surveys and inventories of federal lands and endangered habitats. A flora of the Agaricales and Polyporaceae sensu lato of the United States would be an invaluable contribution. An account of about 200 species in the Polyporaceae exists and electronic keys for their identification have been pilot tested.

3. Workshop on Measuring and Monitoring Biodiversity: Developing Standard Methods for Fungi

Mycologists have not traditionally used standardized approaches for sampling any of the groups of fungi. How- ever, in the last two years a few researchers have begun to develop and test sampling schemes, e.g., Dr. Joseph Am- mirati examining Agaricales on the Olympic Peninsula and Dr. Gerald Bills isolating fungi from tropical litter as a means of locating novel fungal germplasm and addressing questions about the diversity of fungi in limited substrates. Because of their integral role in ecosystems, e.g., nutrient cycling, plant growth, food source, sensitivity to air pollu- tion and perturbation, fungi lend themselves to measuring and monitoring biodiversity as well as sustainable utiliza- tion. A workshop is needed to discuss approaches for Sam- pling fungi at all levels. This would include discussing the range of techniques from visual sampling using plots or transects to isolation and culturing in the laboratory. Stan- dards methods would allow comparison of data obtained in different habitats as well as providing baseline data for future sampling.

The proposed project and workshop will involve the voluntary effort of 50-1 00 mycologists throughout the world (See enclosed workshop proposal). Mycologists will be subdivided into working groups tackling the diverse groups of fungi and sampling approaches. Although in- formation will be developed initially through long- distance communications, a face-to-face workshop by par- ticipants i s needed in order to evaluate and resolve major differences in sampling approaches. The workshop will occur after most of the writing has taken place and circu- lated among participants. Following the workshop manu- scripts will be revised and edited into a multiauthored but heavily edited and coordinated book. This books will be published relatively inexpensively by the Smithsonian Institution Press as one of the Biological Diversity Hand- book Series.

Expenses for the entire project are estimated at $40,000-60,000, primarily for air fare to the workshop. At present, the USDA-Forest Service has committed $1 0,000 toward this endeavor and the pharmaceutical companies will donate about $1 0,000. Thus, approximately $20,000- 40,000 are needed to fund the workshop.

4. An All Taxa Biodiversity Inventory for Fungi

Ecosystem management is hindered by lack of know- ledge about fungi, particularly systematic knowledge. This knowledge is needed to identify and characterize the dominant and indicator fungi encountered in endangered habitats, in ecological studies, in developed baseline data for monitoring ecosystem health.

Dan Janzen has proposed conducting all taxa biodiver- What can mycologisfs provide to the NBS immediately? sity inventories (ATBI) of all groups of organisms. This idea was discussed at a workshop in April, 1993 and recently a draft proposal for a relatively comprehen-sive ATBl has been released to be conducted in Costa Rica. An ATBl for fungi is challenging but not impos-sible. As for other large organisms an ATBl for large fungi is relatively easy, although still challenging. Including fungi that are small to microscopic in nature or never found in nature presents even more of a challenge because of the difficulty in locatinglisolating them, producing the sporulating struc- tures that allows identification, and lack of tools for identi- fication and expected numbers of undescribed species.

An ATBl for fungi would yield extraordinary results for understanding ecosystem management and the complex

The Systematic Botany and Mycology Laboratory, USDA-ARS, can provide lists of plant-associated fungi that occur in the United States by state as electronic data or hardcopy.

LTd Data in electronic form on herbarium specimens from individual states can be provided by several institutions to support the development of baseline lists of organisms. The Smithsonian Institution Botany Department will be including the lichen specimens in their RAPDmap pro- gram of the flora of Hawaii at the request of their licheno- logist, Dr. Paula De Priest. Many of these locality data can be converted into point data for distribution mapping. Host and seasonality supports recollection of particular

interactions that underpin these systems. At present, eco- species. logical studies that include fungi must often analyze data that lack accuracy and precision because the basic means of identifying the species encountered are not available. An ATBl for fungi would provide the means to conduct meaningful ecological studies about fungi. Because many biological processes are mediated by fungi, even one ATBl for fungi would provide data on the level of com- plexities of interactions between organisms in eco- systems.

5. Inclusion of Fungi in Current Surveys and Inventories.

In intensive surveys and inventories currently conduct- ed as part of the NBS Survey and Inventory programs, groups of fungi that are relatively well known should be included, namely Agaricales (ectomycorrhizal and sapro- phytic mushrooms) and lichens. With relatively small incentive, mycologists would be willing to direct their efforts toward these areas. Parts of the United States that have been surveyed for macroscopic and some micro- scopic fungi are the southern Appalachians (Highlands Biological Station) and the Olympic Peninsula and other areas in the coniferous Pacific Northwest (H.1. Andrews Experimental Forest).

d Mycologists can work toward providing authoritative lists of other than plant-associated fungi, particularly Agaricales, but also soil fungi and insect-associated fungi. We will discuss with the proprietors the advantages of making the authoritative lists of lichenized fungi freely available.

@ Mycologists will develop standard methods for meas- uring and monitoring biodiversity for fungi. Minimal fund- ing is required. Such a publication would direct activity toward testing and modifying these standards as well as serving to establish comparable baseline data.

Ed Systematic mycologists can work toward developing hardcopy and electronic identification tools for prioritized groups of fungi, namely lichenized fungi and Agaricales.

@ For some groups particularly lichens it may be pos- sible to participate in the gap analysis program.

Specialists can provide in establishing priorities for re- search using fungi both to the DO1 National Biological Survey and other federal agencies, particularly the EPA and USDA-FS and ARS.

The above document was developed for discussion with the officers from NBS Surveys and Inventories Pro- gram on April 6, 1994. It does not necessarily represent the views of a majority of mycologists, the Mycological Society of America, or the Agricultural Research Service. - AYR

Are Charges for Internet U s a g e Coming? The following is a quote of a portion of material

received on E-mail, which if it comes to reality, will affect Birdchat and all other discussion groups on the Internet. "In the future, you might have to pay a charge for every E-mail message you send or receive, every Usenet article you read, every kilobyte of data you transfer with ftp, every hypertext link you follow with NCSA Mosaic or Gopher ..."

Respond with your views to Mr. Steve Wolff, the Di- rector of Networking and Communications for NSF.

Mr. Steve Wolff, Director Division of Networking and Communications National Science Foundation 1800 G Street Washington, DC 20550

It is our understanding that the National Science Foun- dation (NSF) and other federal agencies are developing a new architecture for the lnternet that will utilize four new Network Access Points (NAPS), which have been de- scribed as the new "cloverleaves" for the Internet. You have indicated that NSF i s awarding contracts for four NAPS, which will be operated by.telephone companies (Pac Bell, S.F.; Ameritech, Chicago; Sprint, NY; and MFS, Washington, DC). We further understand that NSF has se- lected MCI to operate its new very high speed backbone (vBNS) facility.

There is broad public interest in the outcome of the ne- gotiations between NSF and the companies that will oper- ate the NAPS and vBNS. We are writing to ask that NSF consider the following objectives in its negotiations with these five firms:

Pricing We are concerned about the future pricing systems for

lnternet access and usage. Many users pay fixed rates for lnternet connections, often based upon the bandwidth of the connection, and do not pay for network usage, such as the transfer of data using email, ftp, Gopher or Mosaic. It has been widely reported on certain lnternet discussion groups, such as com-priv, that the operators of the NAPS are contemplating a system of usage based pricing.

We are very concerned about any movement toward usage based pricing on the Internet, and we are particular- ly concerned about the future of the lnternet Listserves, which allow broad democratic discourse on a wide range of issues. We believe that the continued existence and en- hancement of the lnternet discussion groups and dis- tribution lists is so important that any pricing scheme for the NAPS that would endanger or restrict their use should be rejected by the NSF.

It is important for NSF to recognize that the lnternet is more than a network for scientific researchers or com- mercial transactions. It represents the most important new effort to expand democracy into a wide range of human endeavors. The open communication and the free flow of information have make government and private organiza- tions more accountable, and allowed citizens to organize and debate the widest range of matters. Federal pol icy should be directed at expanding public access to the Inter- net, and it should reject efforts to introduce pricing schemes for lnternet usage that would mimic commercial telephone networks or expensive private network services such as MCI mail.

To put this into perspective, NSF officials must consider how any pricing mechanisms will change the economics of hosting an lnternet electronic mail discussion groups and distribution lists. Many of these discussion groups and lists are very large, such as Humanist, GIs-L, CNI- Copyright, PACS-L, CPSR-Announce or Com-Priv. It is not unusual for a popular lnternet discussion group to have several thousand members, and send out more than 100,000 email messages per day. These discussion groups and distribution lists are the backbones of democratic dis- course on the Internet, and it i s doubtful that they would survive if metered pricing of electronic mail is introduced on the Internet.

Walt Williams Univ. MD, CP Animal Sciences wwl28umail.umd.edu

Abstracts Available for FGSC The server is also reached via the World Wild Web (WWW). 2nd European Conference From the WWW opening page select 'Virtual Library,' for servers

on Fungal Genetics listed according to subject matter. Find the heading 'Biosciences' and under it search for The Univesitv of Kansas where FGSC will

Abstracts of Lectures and Posters from the 2nd European Con- be found. ference on Fungal Genetics, held April 28-May 1, can now be A full list of abstracts, with proper punctuation, will be printed seen on the FGSC on-line server. The entry for abstracts will be a to Fungal Genetics Newsletter 41 1 to be mailed found below stock lists, under the heading Non-Catalogue Infor- later this summer- mation. To reach the FGSC server use the URL:

http:Nkufacts.cc.ukans.edu/cwis/units/fgs~main.html Craig Wilson

How to find the Fungal Genetics Stock Center on-line

The definitive word from the source: FGSC information, including complete stock lists, some

reprints from Fungal Genetics Newsletter, and the list of subscribers to FGN can be found via the WWW. For those of you with Mosaic, the simplest path i s to go to this URL: http://kufacts.cc.ukans.edu/cwis/units/fgsdmain.html

The same main page can be accessed directly through the Virtual Library arranged by Subject appearing on the opening WWW page. Select BioSciences and then search for the University of Kansas in the l is t of locations that ap- pears.

FGSC can also be found under CERN1s list of servers ar- ranged by geographic location. Again you should search for the University of Kansas, but this time you will be de- livered to the opening page of KUfacts, which is the local CWIS. Select Departmental Information, then Medical Center Resources, then FGSC.

The Stock Center server is also cross-referenced in a list of biological resources on WWW which is maintained at Harvard. With any luck, and perhaps prodding from loyal readers, links will be established at other locations.

In theory this information is also available via gopher. The Telecom and Info Sci Lab (TISL) at the University of Kansas has a gopher containing a telnet link to KUfacts, described above. This gopher has been out of service eve- ry time I tried it in the past two months.

A note about the Fungal Genetics gopher server at UT- Houston. This came as a result of an early collaboration with FGSC, but was never completed. Only limited in- formation will be found there and in a similar abortive project at Daresbury England (under the title Neurospora). The KU server, regularly maintained by FGSC, will be the site where all future expansion efforts will be directed. I will be happy to answer any questions about this project

and would love to hear comments (negative and especial- ly positive) about the information provided. Direct queries and comments to fgsc@ukanvm.cc.ukans.edu.

Craig Wilson

Agricultural Biotechnology biotech newsletters Information Available AND many more files, and links to 12 other Ag Biotech Gophers

The gopher files of the Biotechnology Information Center have moved! This rich source of Ag. Biotech. in- forma-tion is s t i l l located on the University of Maryland's Inform Gopher, but in a new spot. Please note the new access info:

gopher(or telnet) inform.umd.edu -Educational Resources

-Agricultural Resources -Biotechnology lnformation Center

For gopher builders, WWW gurus and other wizards, the link info:

Type=l + Name=Biotechnology lnformation Center Path=l /inforM/EducationaI-Resources/

AgriculturalResourcesBiotechnology~lnformation~Center Host=info.umd.edu Port=901 Admin=inforM Editor <inform-edito@urnail.umd.edu> ModDate=Mon Jun 13 13:49:52 1994 <I994061 31 34952> URL: gopher://info.umd.edu:901/1 1linforMl

EducationaI~Resources/AgriculturaIResources/ Biotechnology-Informationcenter

The Biotechnology lnformation Center, an information center of the USDA-National Agricultural Library, has de- veloped a rich source of current biotechnology-related in- formation available via Internet.

The files at the site include bibliographies composed primarily of citations from scientific journals and some popular periodicals (many with abstracts), on subjects ranging from public perception to gene expression in crops and fungi. In addition, several miscellaneous publi- cations dealing with biotechnology meetings, directories and audio-visuals are also available. Numerous links to other biotechnology-related gophers have also been in- cluded.

If you prefer to access the documents via FTP, follow the same path as the one listed above. If you have only email access, talk to your Internet provider about "FTPmail," a method of accessing these files via email. Many of the current books about lnternet also describe FTPmail.

Please send us your questions and comments. Complimentary copies of the printed bibliographies are A brief of the many Ag On

available from gIC by contacting us at the address below: our gopher: transgenic animals (newly updated) commercialization and economic aspects (newly updated) legislation and regulation (newly updated) current gene mapping projects patenting issues transgenic tomato BST-bovine growth hormone biotechnology of algae biotech videos

Biotechnology lnformation Center (BIC) National Agricultural Library - USDA 10301 Baltimore Blvd. Beltsville, MD 20705-2351 USA phone: (301 1-504-5947 or (301 1-504-5340 fax: (301 1-504-7098 e-mail: biotech8nalusda.gov

biotech8nalusda.gov (Daniel Cabirac) rdobert8nalusda.gov (Ray Dobert)

Dear lnoculum ... Mycology and Electronic Literature Services

Ever since reference services started to provide updates (like Current Contents) on Diskette, I've been waiting for them to add some mycological journals. If you're interested (or sympathethic) I would appreciate your help as follows. Please contact Pamilla Ballard of Research lnformation Services (email: "Pam@- ris.risinc.com"] and request that Research Update (their product, in competition with Current Contents on Diskette) add the following journals: Experimental Mycology, Mycologia and Mycological Research. They add about 20 titles every six months based on the number of requests they receive. They even have addi- tions that include abstracts, and are coming out with a version on CD-ROM that will include 2-3 years worth! Ordinarily, they send a weekly (searchable and down-loadable) update to subscribers. No doubt many of you already use such services. Please help in getting Research lnformation services to add these mycology journals to their list! Thanks.

Rick Howard "howardrjQesvax.dnet.dupont.com"

An Open Invitation from the MUCL Culture Collection The MUCL culture collection i s a public collection working in the field of the

biodiversity conservation and biotechnology for the agro-industry. We have developed our expertise in the identification of different group of fungi and yeasts (especially in Deuteromycetes, Basidiomycetes and Ascomycetes). Today, to preserve and conserve the biodiversity, we search fungi or yeast strains of inter- est.

Most scientists deposit only type strains for publication purposes while numer- ous other original strains can be of interest for the scientific community. Incorpo- ration of interesting original strains in a public collection can help to make them available to everyone. If you want to deposit any original strains (strains with publication or strains originally from particular biotopes) in our collection, we will very pleased to receive them. The MUCL culture collection, as an "lnter- national Deposit Authority", also accepts the deposit of patented strains under the Budapest Treaty.

We will very happy if we can collaborate in the future in a fruitful way. Free feel to contact us.

Charles Moulliard Mycotheque de I'Universite Catholique

de Louvain (MUCL) Place Croix du Sud, 3 B-1348 Belgium Tel: +32-(10)-47.37.37 Fax:+32-(10)-45.15.01 Email: Moulliard@mbla.ucl.ac.be

A Quick Quiz for MSA Agaricologists ... Somebody brought me Lepiota lutea (=Leucocoprinus birnbaumi~] growing in a

house plant pot. This is the first time I have seen it and I wonder, how common it is. I am a botanist interested in vascular plants, my question may look naive to those who know.

Adoif Ceska, Curator of Botany Royal British Columbia Museum Victoria, B.C., Canada aceskaQfreenet.viaoria.bc.ca

a ~noculum The Newsletter of the Mycological Society of America

ISSN 05414938

Volume 45, no. 2 July 1994

Richard A. Humber, Editor USDA-ARS Plant Protection Research US Plant, Soil, & Nutrition Laboratory Tower Road Ithaca, NY 14853-2901

phone: (607) 255-1276 (office) (607) 255-1274 (lab) (607) 272-6801 (home)

fax: (607) 255-2459 e-mail rah30cornell.edu

Members are heartily encouraged to submit news, views, tips, graphics, and other material for the newsletter. lnoculum will be mailed four times a year - in January, April, MayIJundJuly (according t o the dates of the MSA Annual Meeting), and October. Submission deadlines are the second Fridays of September, December, March and of April, May or June when the Annual Meeting occurs in June, July, or August, respectively.

I welcome and encourage you to submit items by electronic mail or, for extended or complicated items, on 3.5" computer disks (together with hard copy). NB: Disks are NOT needed f a simple or short items! Include a self-addressed, stamped envelope if you want the disk returned. Disk labels should list disk format (Mac or DOS) and file name(s); formatted word processing files created by MS-Word (Mac or DOS versions), WriteNow!, MacWrite, or Wordperfect or unformatted ASCII text files are acceptable.

UPCOMING EVENTS % See the MSA Bulletin Board for more

information on these events!

ATCC Laboratory Workshops for 1994 (partial listing). Contact ATCChVorkshop Manager, 12301 Parklawn Dr., Rockville, MD 20852; phone 301 -231 -5566 or fax 301 -770-1 805.

Fermentation Microbiology - August 9-1 2 Downstream Processing: Recovery and Purification

of Proteins - ~ u ~ i s t 1 5-1 7 Microscopy and ~ h o 6 m i c r o ~ r a ~ h ~ - Sept. 21 -23 Conventional and Molecular Cytogenetic

Techniques - Sept. 26-28 Freezing and Freeze-Drying of Microorganisms -

October 19-21 Recombinant DNA: Techniques and Applications -

Oct. 31 - November 4 Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) Applications/Cycle

DNA Sequencing - November 8-1 1

July 24-29, 1994: Mushrooms of the Sleeping Bear Dunes. This workshop, in the enchanting forests and wild- erness surrounding Sleeping Bear Dunes, will emphasize the identification of edible and poisonous mushrooms, hab- itats for fungi, and fungal ecology. Contact Jennifer Price, The Leelanau Center for Education, One Old Homestead Road, Glen Arbor, MI, 49636, Phone (61 6) 334-3072 or Dr. Andrew Methven, Botany Department, Eastern Illinois Uni- versity, Charleston, IL, 61 920, Phone (21 7) 581 -6241, Fax (21 7) 581 -2722, e-mail cfasmQuxa.ecn.bgu.edu.

% August 4-1 0, 1994%: The 10th meeting of the Interna- tional Society for Evolutionary Protistology (ISEP-1 O), will be held at Dalhousie University (Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada). The last day of ISEP-10 i s also the first day of the 1993 meeting of the Canadian lnstitute for Advanced Re- search's Program in Evolutionary Biology; the two groups will meet jointly. Accommodations are available in Shirreff Hall on the Dalhousie Campus (at Can$ 35.50lnight for sin- gle rooms, Can$ 52.64 for twin rooms, including all taxes and breakfast). Apartment-style accommodations for fami- lies are available. ClAR members are encouraged to partici- pate in the ISEP-10 program, and should contact the ISEP-10 secretariat regarding registration but must register with ClAR program secretary, Ms. Udeni Amit, for the ClAR meeting. For information, contact: ISEP-10 Secretariat, NRC Institute for Marine Biosciences, 141 1 Oxford St, Halifax, Nova Sco- tia, Canada B3H 321. Tel: 902-426-1 674; fax: 902-426-

fic Societies in Knoxville, Tennessee, at the Holiday Inn World's Fair and Knoxville Convention/Exhibition Center. The meeting theme i s "Science and Public Policy." This meeting will bring together the Botanical and Ecological Societies of America, the American Bryological and Lichen- ological Society, the American Fern Society, the American Society of Plant taxonomists, International Society for Ecol- ogi-cal Modelling, the Association of Ecosystem Research Centers, and the National Marine Educators Association. For more information, or to receive a registration brochure, con- tact: Meetings Department, AIBS, 730-1 1 th St., NW, Wash- ington, DC 20001 -4521 ; phone (202) 628-1 500 ext. 506.

August 11 -1 3, 1994: The 9th Biennial Workshop on the Smut Fungi will be held El Batan, lnternational Wheat and Maize Improvement Center (CIMMM-), Mexico. This work- shop will cover current research and new techniques, and exchange information on a broad range of topics related to smut fungi, including taxonomy using conventional and modern procedures, epidemiology, losses, hostlpathogen interaction, host resistance, chemical, cultural and regula- tory control methods, etc. For further information, contact: Dr. Guillermo Fuentes-Davila, CIMMM, Lisboa 27, Apdo. Postal 6-641, 06600 Mexico, D.F., Mexico. Fax: 641 -45898 or 595-41 069; phone: 641 -41 940 or 641 -45700.

August 11-12,1994: ANASAT 1, a satellite meeting of the Anamorph Information Network (Ana- Net), will be held in Vancouver in association with IMC5, and will include discussions and demonstrations for scientists studying ana- morphic fungi. Contact Keith Seifert (fax: 613- 943-0953; email: seifertkQncccot2.agr.ca).

August 14-21,1994: 5th INTERNATIONAL MYCO- LOGICAL CONGRESS, Univ. of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada. There will be no sepa- rate annual meeting of MSA. MSA business and social events will be held at the Congress.

14 August, Sunday, 8 am-??, MSA Council Meeting

16 August, Tuesday, 8:30 - 9 am, MSA Breakfast & Business Meeting

16 August, Tuesday, 7:30 pm, Presidential Address

19 August, Friday, 430 pm, MSAIBMS Reception

20 August, Saturday, 7:30 p.m., MSA Auction/Social

941 3; e-mail MARK@IMB.LAN.NRC.CA. % August 23-26, 1994: The Willi Hennig Society will hold its

August 6-7, 1 994: Mushroom Identification in the Great thirteenth meeting, Biodiversity and Phylogeny (Hennig Smoky Mountains National Park. This 2day workshop XIII), in Co~enhaaen Denmark. For further information, in the Great Smoky Mountains emphasizes the identification writ;: Dr. &IS ~.>ndersen, Zoological Museum, ~niversi- of edible and poisonous mushrooms, habitats for fungi, tetsparken 15, DK-2100 Copen-hagen, Denmark. Tel. +45 toxicology, and fungal ecology. Contact Non-Credit Pro- 3532 1104; fax +45 3532 101 0; e-mail ZO- grams, Division of Continuing Education, The University of MUNMA@VM.UNI-C.DK. Tennessee, 600 Henley Street, Suite 105, Knoxville, TN, 37902 (phone 800-284-8885) or Dr. Andrew Methven Aug. 28 - Sept. 2, 1994: The VI lnternational Colloquium on

(phone 21 7- 581-6241, fax 21 7-581 -2722, e-mail Invertebrate Pathology and Microbial Control/ll Inter-

dasmQuxa.ecn.bgu.edu. national Conference on Bacillus thuringiensis will be held in Mont~ellier, France. in a new conference center adiacent

August 7-1 1, 1994: The American Institute of Biological Sci- to the historical heart bf this old city. The scientific pr6gram ences (AIBS) will hold its 45th Annual Meeting of Scienti- includes oral and poster presentations on various subjects of

invertebrate pathology and microbial control. Several of the Michigan Technological University's Ford Forestry Center. sessions each day will be devoted to topics concerning Ba- cillus thuringiensis. In addition to contributed papers, ple- nary sessions and symposia include presentations of mole- cular genetics of insect pathogens; endosymbionts; insect resistance to pathogens and resistance management; mode of entry of pathogens; cellular & molecular biology of mi- crosporidia in cell culture; development of entomopatho- genic fungi as biocontrol agents; entomopathogenic nema- todes, ecology, genetics and biological control; and recom- binant insects viruses. For more informa-tion, contact: Prof. Max Bergoin, Laboratoire de Pathologiet Compare&, Univer- sit6 Monpellier II, Place Eughe Bataillon, CC 101, 34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France. Fax: (33) 67 14 30 31.

Aug. 29 - Sept. 2, 1994: An Introductory Workshop on Hyphomycetes to be presented by Prof. Bryce Kendrick will be held at the Highlands Biological Station, Highlands, NC. For information contact: Hank Mashburn, 6400 Bartlett St., Pittsburgh, PA 1521 7 [phone 41 2-521 -8369; e-mail mashburn8cs.cmu.edu).

Sept. 2-5, 1994: The Annual NAMA Foray, named the William Chambers Coker Memorial Foray this year, will be held at the Montreat Conference Center, Montreat, North Carolina. the Asheville Mushroom Club will host this foray and provide access to a number of unique foray sites: the Great Smoky Mountains National Park, Pisgah and Nanta- hala National Forests, the Blue Ridge Parkway, and Mount Mitchell State Park. Dr. Orson K. Miller, Jr., will be the prin- cipal foray mycologist.

45 Sept. 5-8, 1994: Elias Fries Symposium '94: Hymeno- mycetes in the Perspective of 200 Years, Uppsala, Sweden. For further information, please contact: The Secre- tariat of the Elias Fires Symposium Botanical Museum (Fyto- teket), Villav, 6 S-752 36 Uppsala, Sweden [phone: +46 18 182790; fax: +46 18 5087021.)

September 9-1 1, 1 994 - The 41 st Annual Charles Horton Peck Foray will be held at the Cortland College Center for Outdoor Education, Raquette, Lake, NY. For further informa- tion, contact Tim Baroni (607-753-2725, fax 607-753-2927, e-mail BaroniTJQSNYcorva.Cortland.edu).

Sept. 12-1 3, 1 994: The Systematics Association will host a meeting, Images of Systematics, at the Centre for Re- search into Innovation, Culture and Technology (CRICT), Brunel University, Uxbridge, Middlesex, UK, to bring to- gether researchers in social studies of science with practi- tioners of systematics, and to promote dialogue about the implications of sociological and historical findings for cur- rent day practice in systematics and the activities of the Sys- tematics Association. The meeting should be of interest to those concerned with the standing of systematics as a scien- tific discipline and as a service to biology and the wider community. The intention i s to explore avenues for the pro- motion of systematics, and to promote a better understand- ing of the social issues involved in the production and dis- semination of taxonomic knowledge. For more information or registration details, write: Dr. Christine M. Hine, CRICT, Brunel University, Uxbridge, Middlesex, UB8 3PH, UK.

Sept. 16-1 8, 1 994: Introduction to the Edible and Poison- ous Mushrooms o f Michigan's Upper Peninsula, the 9th annual short course on this topic will be conducted at

consisting of ca. 8 hours of lecture interspersed with 7 hrs in the field and 4 hrs in the lab, the objectives of the short course are to help participants (1) to understand and recog- nize the roles played by fungi in forest ecosystems, as well as (2) learn how to safely and reliably find, collect, identify and prepare choice edible wild fungi. The course i s sched- ule during the Upper Peninsula's peak summer/autumn mushroom-hunting season. Field trips traverse a variety of northern hardwood forests (including the Sturgeon River Gorge Wilderness Area), as well as jack pine and red pine forests. The experience is designed to benefit beginners as well as advanced participants, through several concurrent presentations. The Ford Forest is a research forest covering several major soil types and forest ecosystems, located near the south shore of Lake Superior, 9 miles south of L'Anse, Michigan, on US Highway 41. The Ford Forestry Center i s a secluded, rustic sawmill townsite, donated to MTU by its builder Henry Ford, which also offers modern conference facilities. Instructors include Dr. Johann Bruhn, Dr. Thomas Volk, Dr. Dana Richter, Mr. Joe Drawczyk, and Ms. Mary Ellen Kozak, and Mr. Ralph Duffek. For registration informa- tion, please call 906-524-61 81.

45 Nov. 1 0-1 1, 1994: International Symposium on Biotechnology of Ectomycorrhizae: Molecular Approaches, Urbino, Italy. The 2day program focusses on the ecology and taxonomy of ectomycorrhizal fungi; the identification of these fungi; molecular approaches to their functioning; genetic bases for development; and molecular approaches to truffle biotechnology. The registration fee i s Lit. 400,000, and should be deposited by bank transfer di- rectly on the Symposium bank account. Checks must be payable to: Biotechnology of Ectomycorrhizae: Molecular Approaches, Tesoreria dell'Universital di Urbino cc. No. 201.30, Cassa di Risparmio di Pesaro Succursale di Urbino, Via dei Fornari, 61 029 Urbino (Italy). For more information, contact: Prof. Vilberto Stocchi, lstituto di Chimica Biologics Giorgio Fornaini, Via Saffi 2, 61029 Urbino (PSI, ltaly [phone +39-722-305262/305220; fax +39-722-3201881. For information about hotel reservations in Urbino, contact the travel agency Agenzia Viaggi Marchionni, Via Puccinotti 7,61029 Urbino (PSI, Italy [Phone +39-722-328877; fax +39-722-4153].

For Other Long-Range Planning: 1995 (August 11 -1 5): Mycological Society of America meets

with AlBS at San Diego (CAI Town & Country.

1996 (August): IUMS, Bacteriology and Applied Microbio- logy Division. Three back-to-back congresses will occur in Jerusalem, Israel: Virology (1 2-1 6 August), Bacteriology (1 9-23 August), and Mycology (1 9-23 August).

45 1999 (August 1-7): The International Botanical Congress will be held in St. Louis, MO. The time of the meeting was planned to assure that mycologists might be included. The organizers want mycology to be included and would like to have some fully intergrated symposia including mycology. Although the meeting will not occur until 1999, we must of- fer suggestions now if they are to be considered. Mycology needs to nurture its botanical roots! Contact Don Pfister with any ideas of topics that will be of interest to the botan- ical community as a whole, as well as mycology.

From the President

June 29,1994

Dear Friends:

Surely it must sound like a clich6, but it i s difficult to know where the last year has gone. This is my last letter to you as President of MSA, and while events, changes, and progress for and in the Society can be listed, my impression is that time has flown.

Since the Athens meetings in June, 1993, we have contracted with Allen Press (which has successfully produced Mycologia for many years) to handle dues reception and membership services. Initial reactions have been very encouraging, and the duties of Treasurer and secretary have been simplified significantly.

It i s likely that the financial structure of MSA will be reorganized by membership vote at out upcoming meeting in Vancouver. Job descriptions for the Finance and Endowment Committees and the Treasurer will be clarified, and the monies of the Society hopefully will produce much higher return, to be used for the good deeds of the Society.

Inoculum, I am sure you will agree, has reached new heights of sophistication under Rich Humber. But during the upcoming year, appointments will be made for a new editor of lnoculum and a new editor-in-chief of Mycologia. Just as changes have occurred in both publications during the past years, so changes can be expected in the future.

One of the most dynamic activities of the year for mycology and the Society has been concern over the inclusion (or exclusion) of fungi in various large biodiversity programs. Amy Rossman has been our lightning rod for these activities under her appointment as Liaison for Public Responsibility. You will (or may have already) receive a questionnaire on this subject, so the Society can better represent its membership, and better represent mycology to those who often overlook the fungi as part of biodiversity.

Finally, I extend my special thanks to Mary Palm, our outgoing Secretary, who "kept me honest" over the year. She will be a difficult act to follow. I am grateful also to various committees and their chairpeople, especially the Endowment Committee (George Carroll), Award Committee (John Cooke), Travel Awards Committee (Bill Cibula), Sustaining Membership Committee (Van Cotter) and the Martin-Baker Committee (Kenneth Wel Is). It has been a pleasure to work with all of you.

Thanks to you all for a productive year, and my best wishes for a bright future.

Sincerely,

Ronald H. Petersen

MINUTES, MSA EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE MID-YEAR MEETING mF~m,-Ivlary]and

1. The meeting was called to order by President Petersen at 8:39 AM.

2. President Petersen presented his report summarizing old and new business and highlighting important topics for the Executive Committee and Council to consider.

A. -@. All Mycologia Associate Editors and several other members were contacted regarding their interest in serving as Editor-in-Chief as part of an effort to find a new Editor for My- cologia prior to the end of Dave McLaughlin's term in 1995. At present three persons have shown a serious interest in being con- sidered for the editorship. President Petersen approved the mock-up of the revised cover 2 of Mycologia. Sandi Frank (NYBC), McLaughlin, and Humber have been hard at work final- izing the new Mycologia format for the first issue of Volume 86 (1 994). Fifteen copies of the Mycologia lndex have sold since July 1993. Secretary Palm will talk to S. Frank about how to mar- ket the lndex at IMC5.

B. MSA Bulletin Board. President Petersen expressed apprecia- tion and thanks to Vice-President Don Pfister for his expeditious and effective establishment of the MSA Bulletin Board. Based on records of accessions to the Bulletin Board, it is well-utilized and reaching a broad audience worldwide. Concern was expressed that some countries are under-represented probably due to limit- ed access to internet in those countries.

Because of the rapidity with which job announcements can be made available to members on the Bulletin Board, the Executive Committee recommended that the MSA Placement Committee be abolished because its function is covered by the Bulletin Board and Newsletter, and because few employers or persons seeking employment utilized this resource. Council will be polled and if the disbanding is approved a by-laws change will be required.

C. Awards. Two new committees were appointed to determine awards in the following two categories: 1) Martin-Baker Endow- ment Award, Committee: Kenneth Wells (chair), Kerry O'Donnell, Leonard Hutchison and 2) Mentor Travel Awards and IMC5 Travel Awards, Pro Temp Committee: Bill Cibula (chair), Steve Stephenson, Bob Gessner. Appreciation was ex- pressed for the excellent job performed by Henry Aldrich and his committee in regard to past Mentor Travel Awards and other Fi- nance Committee activities.

D. lnoculum. Editor Humber supplied text of letters and dis- cussion between he and Dick Korf regarding the future of Inocu- lum. The Executive Committee discussed that and various issues regarding the newsletter. Discussion centered around whether 1) abstracts should be published in the newsletter, as a supplement to Mycologia, or not at all, 2) the newsletter editor should be re- sponsible for the abstracts, 3) the newsletter should be mailed with Mycologia either 2, 3, or 6 times per year, and 4) the news- letter should be available on the MSA Bulletin Board and if so whether hard copies be sent to all members.

Executive Committee received a letter from Ellen Farr indicat- ing her interest in being considered as the next newsletter editor at the end of Rich Humber's term. Committee designated Presi- dent-Elect Rossman as representative to discuss this with Farr, including number of issueslyear, format, and responsibility for Bulletin Board.

All of these issues will be brought before Council at the Van- couver meeting for further discussion and decision.

3. Vice President Pfister reported that the following persons have been nominated as candidates for the offices indicated:

Vice-President -Jim Ginns and Ian Ross Secretary - Don Hemmes and Linda Kohn Councilors:

Cell Biology/Physiology - Faye Murrin and Al Torzilli Ecology/Pathology - Tom Harrington and John Zak Genetics/Molecular Biology - Karen Nakasone and

Paul Szaniszlo Systematics/Evolution - Dennis Desjardin and Keith

Seifert Forty-five nominations were received from the membership.

4. Treasurer Baroni indicated that the Society i s in good financial shape. To date 856 members have renewed. The 369 members who have not yet renewed will soon be receiving reminders from our membership service at Allen Press. Approximately one- third of the membership renewed using a credit card and Baroni has received favorable feedback regarding the availability of this payment option. Baroni asked for guidance in rolling over funds in CDs that mature soon. A Finance Committee will soon be ap- pointed to oversee the investment of Society Endowment funds. Executive Committee authorized Baroni to have a formal audit of the MSA books. Baroni indicated that his interaction with our membership services at Allen Press, in particular our representa- tive Karen Hickey, has been very positive. Executive Committee unanimously passed a motion to provide the Treasurer of MSA the equivalent of plane fare and registration cost for IMC5, if such funds are needed for his attendance at the August Council Meeting. Policy for future monetary support for officer's travel will be put before the Council in Vancouver.

5 . Secretary Palm's report was circulated. Discussion followed regarding the need for an indepth survey of membership in order to have an accurate profile of the MSA. President Petersen will appoint a person to look into developing such an appropri- ate questionaire.

6. IMC5. President Petersen reported that he visited Tony Grif- fiths and Venue West in October. Petersen sent $1 0,000 from the MSA to IMC5, to be returned to MSA for IMC5 travel awards. The following MSA events have been scheduled: 1 ) Council meeting, 14 Aug 94, 8 am - 5 pm, 2) Business MeetingIBreakfast - 16 Aug 94, 7:30 - 9 am, 3) Presidential Address - evening ses- sion, 4) reception for participating Society officers and Congress organizers, sponsored by MSA and British Mycological Society, 18 Aug 94, afternoon. MSA will have some table space for sale of t-shirts and other items.

Because Venue West i s a for-profit organization, a $3.00 coordinating fee will be charged for each person attending all of the scheduled events. Therefore overall cost to MSA likely will be higher than originally anticipated. Executive Committee dis- cussed using the excess money from the 1993 meeting to offset unexpected costs of IMC5.

Executive Committee recommended that four student poster awards be given but not presented formally because of the inter- national nature of this meeting and the fact that the posters will be displayed on various days throughout the week. All ap- plicants will be notified by mail as to the awardees and notices will be placed in lnoculum and on the MSA Bulletin Board. Dave Porter and George Carroll had indicated, through corre-

spondence with President Petersen, a real interest in holding an MSA auction again this year. President Petersen will contact Carroll to proceed with plans, suggesting that a celebration of the 200th anniversary of Elias Fries' birthday might be an ap- propriate theme.

Executive Committee recommended that President Petersen invite a representative of each of the Sustaining Members to the MSA Breakfast as guests of MSA. The Sustaining Members will be recognized and thanked for their support at the Business Meeting following the Breakfast. President-Elect Rossman reported that she received little encour-

agement from NSF about the availability of money for travel funds for a meeting in-Canada. She will continue to contact agencies for potential funds and will contact Mike Allen, cur- rently at NSF.

7. A total of $35,000 for awards for travel to the IUMS Congress in Prague i s available from NSF through American Society for Microbiology. MSA will nominate Roger Coos and Ron Petersen for the two open members-at-large positions on the Executive Board of IUMS.

8. The 1995 MSA'meeting will be held in conjunction with AlBS in San Diego. Decisions on future meetings will depend on whether AlBS will still coordinate meetings and, if not, what the other member Societies decide. Cliff Gabriel i s the new execu- tive director of AlBS and it is unclear at this time what changes may be made in AlBS activities. President-Elect Rossman will contact AlBS and Society for Industrial Microbiology (SIM) and will query Council by e-mail for ideas and suggestions.

9. Endowment Committee. Executive Committee received a let- ter from Helen Smith requesting that the Alexander and Helen Smith Fund be changed to a self-sustaining endowed fund to be managed by the MSA in accordance with general endowment guidelines. The Smith Fund presently has $1 6,238.40 and would be vested at $20,000. Baroni will integrate various changes into the guidelines for the Smith Award for final approval by Council.

George Carroll requested that Council transfer sufficient funds to the Korf and the Alexopoulos travel funds in order to make two more mentor student travel awards this year. After much discussion the Executive Committee unanimously agreed that seven travel awards should be given with needed money taken from the general Endowment Fund in lieu of transfer of the recommended amounts because of ongoing restructuring of the Finance Committee and investment plans to be made by the committee.

10. Finance Committee. President Petersen reported on the re- sults of his investigation undertaken as a result of being charged by the Council at the 1993 meeting to look into possible restruc- turing of the MSA financial bureaucracy. This was necessitated by 1) the lack of guidance in investing Society monies in some- thing other than low interest accounts, 2) theneed to clarify responsibilities for raising funds, dispersing funds, and investing funds, and 3) the need to determine how to structure the com- mittee that will invest endowment money. A great deal of discus- sion followed and the following proposals were passed. 1) Add to By-laws Art. Xl l l (A) "Investment of Society endowment funds shall be under the supervision of the Finance Committee." 2) Art. Xl l l (E) - change text after ... revenues for operational costs. "The endowment fund shall consist of all monies exclusive of the operating fund." Fund raising activities for the endowment fund and disbursements from the endowment fund shall require ap- proval by Council. 3) Change description of Finance Committee in Manual of Operations to read ''The Finance Committee shall oversee and supervise investment of the Society endowment funds and advise the Council on other financial matters. This will be a standing committee with five members. In addition to the chairperson, other committee members will be the MSA Treasurer (ex officio), MSA President (ex officio) and two addi- tional presidential appointees. The chairperson will be appoint- ed by the President with consent of Council."

1 1. A report was received from Jean Lodge on biodiversity activi- ties in which she has been involved. Executive Committee agreed with the need for a directory of mycologists, including each person's expertise in fungi, languages, and other as suggest- ed in Lodge's report. The Executive Committee recommended that this information be gathered through an indepth question- aire that will be developed. The Executive Committee also agreed with the importance of aiding neotropical universities and herbaria in the acquisition of books and journals. President Petersen will suggest to Lodge that this could be coordinated with the Publications Committee, e.g., a check-off on renewal forms for gift memberships or donation of journal to a designated library. Additionally, the establishment of a Singer Fund for this purpose could be pursued through the Endowment Committee.

Rossman presented copies of the recently published System-. atics Agenda 2000 Executive Summary and Technical Report. Additional copies will be requested for distribution to interested members.

12. Mycologia Memoirs. Secretary Palm reported on recent correspondence with the Lubrechts regarding the distribution of the Memoirs. President Petersen will write to Kurt Leonard, the upcoming Editor-in-Chief of APS Press, requesting an increased discount to the Lubrechts. Petersen will also charge the Publica- tions Committee with looking at future publication of the Memoirs.

13. Secretary Palm reported that she has received requests for the MSA's Code of Ethics and Mission Statements during the past year and asked whether the Society had such documents. Palm will check former-secretary Pfister's files.

14. Executive Committee discussed ways to empower commit- tees and the possible role of subject matter councilors in this regard.

15. The British Mycological Society will celebrate its centenary in 1996 and has asked the MSA to send a representative to these celebrations. Executive committee agreed that 1996 President Pfister should represent MSA at this gathering. The BMS will pay for subsistence and accommodation.

16. President Petersen reported that the roster of 1993-1 994 Committees, Representatives, etc. has been published in Inocu- lum. Diane TeStrake has agreed to serve as AAAS Representative beginning after the February 1994 AAAS meeting. The Executive Committee discussed the need for the new Committee roster and Council roster to be published in a timely manner. Committee agreed that the new Council roster should appear in the first is- sue of Mycologia that is published following the annual meeting, rather than waiting until Issue One of the volume that appears in January of the next year.

17. The Honorary Members Committee nominated Drs. David Hawksworth, Brian Sutton and Joseph Wessels for election as honorary members. These names will be placed before Council and then voted on at the annual business meeting.

18. Executive Committee approved the following budget propo- sals put forward by Treasurer Baroni: President $250, Secretary $2000, Newsletter Editor $1 2,500, and Treasurer $1000.

19. Reports from the following committees and representatives were circulated: Awards (Cooke), Culture Collections (Sigler), Ecology (Allen), Repr. for NIE (Allen), Medical Mycology (Dykstra), Nomenclature (Redhead), Publications (Lucarotti), Teaching (Clausz), Genetics Councilor (May).

Respectfully submitted, Mary Palm Secretary, MSA

MSA Endowment Fund Contributors Between 1 June 1993 and 31 May1 993 MSA received contributions to various endowed funds from the following

contributors. Some donors contributed to more than one fund or to the same fund twice. The endowment committee wishes to add public acknowledgment to previously expressed private thanks. We are not a society of millionaires. Our main hope for expanding the MSA endowment to cover numerous existing needs lies with individuals who may contribute moderate sums annually on a continuing basis. We urge you to send in your contribution today.

If you would like to start another graduate travel fund in honor of a recently retired or deceased mycologist, please contact Charles Mims at the University of Georgia [FAX: (706) 542-1 291; Phone (706): 542-0624; e-Mail: pa- thathauga] .

Qraduate Student Travel Funds C.J. Alexopoulos Travel Fund

Henry Aldrich Meredith Blackwell Edward Braun George Carroll

H.E. Bigelow Travel Fund Tim Baroni Margaret Barr Bigelow ClarkRogerson

E.E. Butler Travel Fund Charles Bracker Edward Butler Dennis Wilson

W.C. Denison Travel Fund Peter Angwin Peter Atkinson Lekh Batra Children of BillIMargo Denison Virginia Boucher Kathy Cafazzo TerryIMelissa Chapin Kathy Cook David Denhardt John Donoghue Julie Elfving Robert Fogel AlbertlElizabeth Harris lwan Ho Dietrich Kessler Katharina Klemperer Ann McNeal Michael McWilliams Andrea Ostrofsky Sherry Pittam Robert Savage Jan-Marie Schroeder Annette Simonson Nancy Slack Carolyn Slayman Jane Smith Noel Snyder Phillip Sollins Virginia Steel

Elwin Stewart Jeffrey Stone Diane Tracy

Tom Verhoeven Thompson Webb JimINancy Weber Jon Weil CarolICraig Whitsell Tricia Wurtz

R.P. Korf Travel Fund George Abawi Robert Berger William Cairney Samuel Hammer Gregoire Hennebert James Kimbrough Richard Korf Donald Pfister Joanne Rogers Clark Rogerson Amy Rossman Wen-ying Zhuang

E.S. Luttrell Travel Fund Meredith Blackwell H. Branch Howe, Jr. Mary Palm Clark Rogerson Gary Samuels

M.P. Backus Ciradua Research Fund

David Backus Bernard Backus Clifford Hesseltine June Kwon Chung Anthony Liberta Daniel Mahoney Robert Novak C. Gardner Shaw

A.H. & H.V. Smith Research Fund

Robert Antibus

Q.W. Martin/Q.E. Baker Research Fund

Robert Bandoni Robert Bandoni Salomon Bartnicki-Garcia Everett Beneke Richard Benjamin Richard Benjamin Robert Blanchette Harold Burdsall George Carroll Elaine Chang Forest Products Lab. Club Blaise Darveaux Paul Dunn

Ann Edelman Ann Edelman Marie Farr Thomas Gaither Jasper Garner Roger Goos David Griffin Andronike Halbrook Terrence Hammill Clifford Hesseltine Richard Homola Harold Keller Lorene Kennedy Steven Lee Paul Lentz Denis Leong Robert Lichtwardt Jean Lodge Currie Marr Betty McColl ister David McLaughlin Royall Moore Edison Putnam Jack Rogers Carol Shearer Carol Shearer Carol Steele Michael Tansey Francis Uecker Rayona Webster Arthur Welden James Worral l

New or Changed Directory Information

r

Addresses, Phones, Faxes:

@@ /&d 4 , /p> & c p . l # * r n /

Meredith Blackwell has made a contribution to the Alexopoulos Travel Fund of the MSA Endowment Fund and challenges all the many others that have been influenced by C. J.

Alexopoulos to contribute as well. $1 00 would match her contribution. This money provides meeting travel funds for graduate students.

Please send any changes in your address, phone, fax, and electronic mail address to Karen Hickey at the At- len Press (see below). Outdated information in the MSA mailing list i s both costly to the MSA and means that you may not get Society mailings in a timely manner.

Arnold, Gunter R.W. - Friedrich-Schiller-Universitat Jena, Biologisch-Pharmazeutische Fakultat, Pilzkulturensammlung, Frieherr-vom-Stein-Allee 2, D-99425 Weimar, Germany.

Dahlberg, Kurt R. - Campbell Soup Company, Campbell Place, Box 574, Camden, NJ 081 03.

Davidson, Gregory R - Dept. of Botany & Plant Pathology, Purdue University, Agriculture Research Building, West Lafayette, IN 47907-1057 [new building~ZIP code]

Elsik, William C. - The Mycostrat Connection, P.O. Box 549, Snook, TX 77878-0549.

Keller, Harold W. - 2228 Stafford Drive, Arlington, TX 7601 2 [this was misstated in the last lnoculum as 7 7 7 8 Stafford Drive]. Phone: (81 7) 735-261 8; fax (81 7) 735-5485.

Klironomos, John - Biology Dept., San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 921 82. Phone: 61 9-594-5676; fax: 61 9-594-5676.

Landolt, John C. - fax: 304-876-31 01 Okada, Gen - phone: +81-48-462-111 ext. 51 24;

fax: +81-48-462-4619. Petrini, Orlando - T6ra D'Sott 5, CH-6949 Comano,

Switzerland. Phonelfax: +41-91-510196.

New MSA Members: Hare, Suha - Dept. of Plant Science, Macdonald

Campus, McGill University, 21 1 1 1 Lakeshore, Ste.-Anne de Bellevue, Quebec, Canada H9X 3V9.

Electronic Mail Addresses: A worldwide E-mail directory MYCOLOGISTS ONLINE i s accessible for Internet users on-line at Biodiversity and Biological Collections Gopher <huh.ha~ard.edu>. For updates and/or corrections contact Pavel Lizon cPL188cornell.edu>.

Gessner, RV - mfrvg8uxa.ecn.bgu.edu Harris, J - jharris8laba.tdh.texas.gov Hocking, A - aiIsa.hocking8foodadmin.dfp.csiro.au Keller, HW - KELLER8vaxb.acs.unt.edu Klironomos, J - klironom@sunstroke.sdsu.edu Landolt, JC - jlandolt8scvax.wvnet.edu Largent, D - largentd@axe.humboldt.edu Mallett, KI - kmallett@nofc.forestry.ca Murphy, J - jrnurphy@vtvml .cc.vt.edu Okada, G - okadaQulmus.riken.go.jp Petrini, 0 - petrini@aeolus.ethz.ch Pitt, J - john.pitt8foodadmin.dfp.csiro.a~ Roger, Judy- critfish@wln.com Taylor, TN - ttaylor8magnus.acs.ohiostate.edu Volk, TJ - tjvolk@facstaff.wisc.edu {alternative mailbox] Yetter G - gyetter8panix.com

The Allen Press now handles such MSA membership services as maintaining the MSA mailing list, preparing mailing labels, and processing membership applications and renewals. MSA's contact and liaison at Allen Press, Karen Hickey, can be reached by any of the following:

Mycological Society of America, P O Box 1897, Lawrence, KS 66044-8897

phone: (91 3) 843-1 221 fax: (91 3) 843-1 2740 e-mail: allenpressam@delphi.com

Kurt R. Dahlberg has fungi. Lemke will present a assumed a new position as lecture, "Industrial Mycology Director of Microbiological and the New Genetics", Safety for the Campbell Soup Company. during the annual meeting of SIM in Boston, July 30 -August

5, 1994, that will be published in the January 1995 issue of Joanne Tontz Ellzey, Associate Professor of Biological the Journal of Industrial Microbiology. Sciences at The University of Texas at El Paso has recently received the Distinguished Achievement Award in Teaching, Dr. Gareth Morgan-Jones has been named to the rank the highest award given by UTEP for teaching at the under- and title of Distinguished University Professor at Auburn Uni- graduate and graduate levels. versity. He becomes one of only seven faculty ever named to

this position in the history of the institution. Lafayette Frederick was awarded an honorary Doctor of Sciences degree from the University of Rhode Island during Dr. Paul J. Szaniszlo presented the Annual Lecture - .

the URI commencement this May. Dr. Frederick received his "Wangiella dermatitidis a model dematiaceous pathogen" - MS from the University of Rhode Island, under the guidance at the 28th Annual meeting of the Medical Mycological So- of Frank L. Howard, and received the 1993 Lifetime Achieve- ciety of the Americas, 22 May 1994, in Las Vegas. ment Award from the National Science Foundation, and the AAAS 1991 Mentor Award. His long career in academics in- Prof. Thomas N. Taylor has been elected to the Nation-al cluded positions at several historically black colleges (South- Academy of Sciences; he has also received a Humboldt Re- ern University, Atlanta University, and Howard University), search Award for senior US scientists that will allow his to during which he directed the programs of more than 50 stu- continue research in Mijnster, Germany, working on fossil dents who later earned either masters or doctorate degrees. fungi associated with the Devonian Rhynie chert plants.

Paul A. Lemke of Auburn University received the 1994 Charles Thom Award from the Society for Industrial Micro- biology (SIM). The Thom Award was initiated in 1967 to ac- knowledge "outstanding research contributions in industrial microbiology or biotechnology which are of significant merit, reflecting independence of thought and advancing either ba- sic or applied scientific knowledge." The Award has been given to fewer than 25 scientists worldwide since 1967 (in- cluding mycologists Kenneth B. Raper in 1967 and Clifford W. Hesseltine in 1980). Prof. Lemke was cited by the SIM Awards Committee for his many contributions to mycology ranging from taxonomic to molecular studies; of particular note are his studies on the viruses of fungi and the develop- ment of genetic transformation systems for mycelial

Dr. Lois H. Tiffany, Chair of the Department of Botany at Iowa State University received the university's Distinguished Professor award on 4 May 1994. This i s ISUfs highest ac- ademic award, and Dr. Tiffany i s the first woman scientist from the College of Liberal Arts and Sciences to receive this award. One of Dr. Tiffany's projects i s a study of fungus dis- eases of prairie plants. She was the first person to receive the William H. WeRon award for mycology teaching and has been inducted into Iowa's Women's Hall of Fame.

Rodham E. Tulloss has been appointed as an Honorary Re- search Associate at The New York Botanical Garden. The ap- pointment is for one year.

, + I X , - . < - " " 1 & * . - \- . *

Relocation New Books by MSA Authors

As of July 1, Van Cotter was transferred for three years from Bacon, C.W. and J.F. White, Jr. (eds.). 1994. Biotechnology Princeton, NJ, to American Cyanamid's Schwaben-heim, of endophytic fungi of grasses. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL. Germany, facility. Van's Internet address should remain un- ISBN 0-8493-6276-8; 225 pp, tentative prices, $1 69.95 (US), changed [COTTERVQPT.CYANAMID.COM]. $204.95 (outside US).

Both, Ernst E. 1 993. The boletes of North America, a com- oendium. Buffalo Museum of Science. Buffalo. ISBN O- '944032-54-9; 431 pp, 510.00 + $2.00 postagelhandling.

Mycological Travels Available from: Buffalo Museum of Science, 1020 Humboldt Parkway, Buffalo, NY 1421 1-1 293.

From 28 August to 4 September, Rod Tulloss will travel to the Taylor, T.N. and E.L. Taylor. The biology and evolution of Autonomous University of Tlaxcala, Tlaxcala, Mexico, where fosilplants. Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ. ISBN 0-1 3- he will give a seminar on Amanita taxonomy and related 651 589-4; 982 pp, hardback, $94.00. [Includes 35 page current methods. He will also collect in the region. His host chapter on fungi, bacteria and lichens.] at the University will be Adriana Montoya Esquivel, who i s currently studying Amanita in the remnant oak forests in Tlaxcala.

FUNGI and MYCOLOGICAL GOODS & SERVICES

Fungi Wanted Flammulina "ve1utipes"- Spore prints from Flammulina "velu- tipes" (common name, fussy foot), especially from far western North America and foreign countries. Dried fruitbodies welcome but not essential. Spores will be used for studies on mating systems in the genus. Spore print should be on clean paper or aluminum foil. Send by quickest postage to: Dept. of Botany, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN USA 37996-1 100. Specimens can follow later when convenient. Ron Petersen

Collybia subnuda cultures. Single-spore isolates are best, but tis- sue isolates are also acceptable. Please include location of col- lection, substrate (i.e., on leaves versus on wood of what species of plant). Voucher specimens and photographs are desirable but not absolutely necessary. I believe in reciprocal altruism. Please send materials to: Dept. of Biology, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061 -0406. Phone: 703-231 -51 65. Jack Murphy

Collaboration Sought Ecology and identification of desert fungi. An active group of mycologists in Iraq is changing their research emphasis because of hard currency problems. In order to do this they need the col- laboration of a mycologist who can identify soil fungi. The study will have a systematics and ecological theme. The PI has a de- gree from Bristol and would be a valued, cooperative colleague. For more information contact M. Blackwell by phone or email, btblacQlsuvm.sncc.lsu.edu. Meredith Blackwell

Publications Available Lewis F. Roth (4798 Becker Circle, Albany, OR 97231 (503-926- 6068) offers a large number of older mycological works for sale. The works are listed alphabetically by first author with groups of works by a given author appearing in a single paragraph.

Unless specifically noted as being grouped,, these works are available individually for the best acceptable offers. Abbreviations: 0J = original jacket; XC = excellent condition; GC = good condition.

Alexopoulos, CJ (1 962) Introductory Mycology, 61 3 p, 01. Anonymous (1 953) Plant Diseases. USDA Year Book of Agricul-

ture, 940 p, 15 color plates, XC. Anonymous (1 960) Index of Plant Diseases in the United States.

UDA Agriculture Handbook 165, 531 p, XC. Arthur, JC (1 929) The Plant Rusts (Uredinales), 446 p, XC; (1 934)

Manual of the Rusts in the United States and Canada, 438 p, XC.

Barron, GL (1 968) Genera of Hyphomycetes from Soil, 364 p. Bessey, EA (1 950) Morphology and Taxonomy of Fungi, 789 p. Bingham, RT, RJ Hoff, & GJ McDonald (1 972) Biology of Rust

Resistance in Forest Trees, 680 p, GC, softbound. Bondartsev, AS (1 953) The Polyporaceae of the European USSR

and Caucasia, 896 p, authentic, poorly illustrated, paper, XC. Burges, Alan (1 9558) Microorganisms in the Soil, 188 p, GC. Cannon, WB (1 945) The Way of an Investigator, 229 p (Scienti-

fic Method), 01. Cartwright, K st G &WPK Findlay (1 958) Decay of Timber and its

Prevention, 320 p, OJ. Christensen, CM (1 943) Common edible Mushrooms, 124 p, XC.

Clements, FE and CL Shear (1 931 ) The Genera of Fungi, 496 p, 58 plates of ca. 800 illustrations, fair condition.

Clinton, GP (1904) North American Ustilagineae, 200 p., un- bound, GC.

Cunningham, GH (1 963) The Thelephoraceae of Australia and New Zealand, 359 p, XC;( 1965) Polyporaceae of New Zealand, 304 p, XC.

Davis, JF (1 942) Parasitic Fungi of Wisconsin, 155 p, XC. Dennis, RWG (1 960) British Cup Fungi and their Allies, 280 p,

20 comprehensive figures, 40 excellent colored plates, in OJ. Domanski, S (1965) Fungi (Resupinate Polyporaceae), 234 p, 63

plates, in 0). Donk, MA (1 933) Homobasidiomycetae, Aphyllophoraceae II,

278 p, XC. Ellis, JB & BM Everhart, 1892, The North American Pyrenomy-

cetes, 793 p, 39 outstanding plates, XC. Farlowia (1 943-1 9491, vols, 1-4, complete journal. Faubion, NL (1 964) Some Edible Mushrooms and How to Cook

Them, 198 p, 01. Felt, EP & WH Rankin (1 938) Insects and Diseases of Ornament-

al trees and Shrubs, 507 p, GC. Fischer, GW (1 953) Manual of the North American Smut Fungi,

343 p, in OJ. Fitzpatrick, HM (1930) Lower Fungi-Phycomycetes, 331 p, GC. Funk, A (1 981) Parasitic Microfungi of Western Trees, 190 p, XC. Garrett, SD (1 944) Root Disease Fungi, 1 77 p, XC; (1 956) Biol-

ogy of Root-Infecting Fungi, 293 p, 0); (1963) Soil Fungi and Soil Fertility, 293 p, GC; (1 970) Pathogenic Root-Infecting Fungi, 293 p, OJ.

Gaumann, EA (1 950) Principles of Plant Infection, 541 p, GC; (1 952) The Fungi, a Description of their Morphological Fea- tures and Evolutionary Development, 420 p, XC.

Gaumann, EA & CW Dodge (1 928) Comparative Morphology of Fungi, 701 p, GC.

~ilma;,. JC (1957) A Manual of Soil Fungi, 450 p, 13 plates, XC. Grove, WB (1935, 1937) British stem- and Leaf Fungi (Coelomy-

cetes). Vol. I Sphaeropsidales, 488 p, Vol. I1 Sphaeropsidales with Colored Spores and Melanconiales, 406 p, in OJs.

Gwynne-Vaughan, HCI & B Barnes (1 937) The Structure and Development of the Fungi, 446 p, XC.

Heald, FD (1 933) Manual of Plant Diseases, 953 p, GC. Hiratshuka, Y & JM Powell (1 976) Pine Stem Rusts of Canada, 83

p, 10 distribution maps in color. Hubert, EE (1 931 Outline of Forest Pathology, 543 p, XC. Karling, J (1 942) The Plasmodiophorales, 144 p, XC; (1 942)

Simple Holocarphic Biflagellate Phycomycetes, 331 p, GC. Leach, JG (1 940) Insect Transmission of Plant Disease, 61 5 p,XC. Lloyd, CG, Mycological Writings: Notes, Polyporoid Issue 1-3

(1 908-1 91 O), 48 p; Notes, General Series 38-60 (1 91 2-1 91 91, p. 509-876, each issue with full cover photo of a distinguish- ed mycologist; Index Vol. 4, 191 3-1 91 6. Letters, 48-69 (1 91 3- 191 9) 238 p; Synopsis of the Stipitate Polyporoids (1 91 21, p. 93-208; Synopsis of the genus Fomes (1 91 51, p. 209-288; Synopsis of the Section Apus of the genus Polyporus (1 91 51, p. 289-392; Synopsis of Cordyceps of Australasia (1 91 5) 12 p; Synopsis of some genera of larger Pyrenomycetes (191 71, 12 p; The genus Radulum (1 971 0),12 p; The myths of mycology (1 91 7), 16 p; Xylaria Notes (1 91 8), 32 p; The large Pyrenomy- cetes (1 91 9) 32 p. NB: These Lloyd writings are unbound but available only as an unbroken unit for a single combined bid.

Lowe, JL (1 942) The Polyporaceae of New York State (except Poria), 12 p; (1 946) The Polyporaceae of New York State (the

Genus Poria), 91 p; (1 957) Polyporaceae of North America, the Genus Fomes, 54 p; (1 966) Polyporaceae of North Ameri- ca, the Genus Poria, 183 p.

Lowe, JL & RL Gilbertson (1 961) Synopsis of the Polyporaceae of the Western States and Canada, 37. All Lowe items are well illustrated, paper bound, in GC.

Luttrell, ES (1 951) Taxonomy of the Pyrenomycetes, 125 p, GC. Marshall, NL (1 902) The Mushroom Book, 167 p, fine illustra-

tion for the period, fairly GC. Martin, KL & RL Gilbertson (1 977) Synopsis of Wood-Rotting

Fungi on Spruce in North America. Mycotaxon 6: 43-77. Mathews, VD (1 931 ) Studies on the Genus Pythium, 136 p, ex-

cellent illustrations, XC. Morris, EF (1 963) The Synnematous genera of the Fungi Imper-

fecti, 137 p, paper, XC. Nannfeldt, J.A. van (1 932) Studien ijber die Morphologie und

Systematik der nichtlichenisierten inoperculaten Discomy- ceten, 368 p, 10 excellent plates, XC.

Partridge, AD and DL Miller (1 974) Major Wood Decays in the Inland Northwest, 1 25 p, soft bound, GC.

Peck, CH "Peck's Reports" 1890,1901 through 191 2,191 9. Re- ports of the New York State Botanist. Many descriptions of new spp of agarics, 93 exquisite true color lithographic plates.

Ridgway, Robert (1 91 2) Color Standards and Color Nomencla- ture. 11 15 named colors on 53 original plates. GC but shows usage.

Schwarze, MA (1 91 7) The Parasitic Fungi of New Jersey, 226 p, outstanding illustrations, paper bound, fair condition.

Seaver, FJ (1 942) The Noth American Cup-Fungi (Operculates), 377 p, 72 plates, some colored.

Seymour, AB (1 929) Host Index of the Fungi of North America, 732 p, XC.

Singer, R (1 945-1 947) The Boletaceae of Florda, 564 p, XC. Slysh, AR (1960) The genus Peniophora in New York State and

Adjacent Regions, 95 p, paper bound, GC. Smith, AH (1938) Common Edible and Poisonous Mushrooms of

Southeastern Michigan, 71 p, 15 plates, paper bound, GC. Snell, WH & EA Dick (1 957) A glossary of Mycology, 171 p, OJ. Sparrow, FK (1 943) Aquatic Phycomycetes, 785 p, GC. Stevens, FL (1921) The Fungi which Cause Plant Disease, 754 p,

fair condition. Tompkins, CM (1 975) World literature on Pythium and Rhizoc-

tonia, 169 p, softbound. Van der Plank, JE (1968) Disease Resistance in Plants, 206 p, 01. Westcott, Cynthia (1 950) Plant Disease Handbook, 746 p, GC. Ziller, WG (1 974) The Tree Rusts of Western Canada, 272 p,

many illustrations in color, in 01.

Publications Wanted The recent destruction of some myxomycete reprints demands their replacements: I need to obtain reprints of papers by the Listers and by McBride as well as of the monographs by A Lister (1 894), A monograph of the Mycetozoa (1 st edition), and TH McBride (1 899 and 1922) North American Slime Moulds (1 st and 2nd editions). Harold W. Keller

Kuhner & Romangnesi - Flore Analytique, any condition, but must be useable. Contact: (Internet) Critfish@wln.com, or 27427 S. Horner Rd., Estacada, OR 97023; (503) 630-2689.

Judy Roger

<,,?A" * " , , , " . \ Y " , - PROFESSIONAL & EDUCATIONAL

PLACEMENT

Employment Wanted Need employment (no travel) work for pharmaceutical companies, university research institutes that need new ideas for herbaria, research labs., pant pathology, botanical/mycologicaI culture media (as enrichments or nutrients). Please contact: 2034 E. 21st St., Brook- lyn, New York, NY 11 229 (ph: 71 8-769-51 78).

A. Weintraub

I am looking for a plant pathology research position, preferably in New Zealand but wil l consider anywhere at this point. I have mole- cular biology experience as well as traditional plant pathology train- ing. See the MSA Bulletin Board for CV or contact by e-mail at rR.D.Johnson@massey.ac.nz~. Richard Johnson

Faculty & Professional Vacancies Mycologist/Plant Pathologist. Assistant Professor (40%) and Assist- ant Plant Pathologist in the Agricultural Experiment Station (60%) at the University of California, Davis. The position is an 1 1-month (plus 1 month vacation) tenure-track appointment. The position is avail- able stacing September 1, 1994. Responsibilities and Description: Develop a disciplinary and mission-oriented research program on the fungi and fungal plant diseases. Areas of research may include, but are not limited to, organismal biology, systematics,genetics, pop- ulation genetics, physiology, ecology and epidemiology,depending on the appointee's interests and expertise. Opportunities exist to work with orchard crops and to develop innovative disease manage- ment procedures. The successful applicant will participate in teach- ing undergraduate mycology and assume responsibility for develop-

ing and teaching an advanced, graduate-level course on plant pathogenic fungi. In addition, the appointee will be expected to participate in other graduate and undergraduate classes and sem- inars in subject matter areas related to hisher expertise, and to participate in the training of graduate students in plant pathology and related graduate groups. Qualifications: Applicants must have a Ph.D. degree in plant pathology or a related field and possess a strong background and experience in mycology andlor fungal diseases of plants. Postdoctoral experience i s desired but not required. Applicants must have a demonstrated promise for productive and creative research in the areas of mycology and plant pathology, a willingness to cooperate in interdisciplinary research, and a commitment to excellence in teaching. Please send: (1) Curriculum vitae, teaching, and research experience; (2) undergraduate and graduate transcripts; (3) complete l ists and selected reprints of published works and submitted manuscripts; (4) statement of teaching and research interests; (5) names and addresses of at least 3 references to: Dr. James D. MacDonald, Chair, Mycologist Search Committee, Dept. of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, CA 9561 6. Phone: (91 6) 752- 6897; fax: (91 6) 752-01 21; Internet: jdmacdonald@ucdavis.edu. Application Deadline: Domestic applications must be post- marked by August31, 1994. International applications must be received by August 31, 1994. Review of applications will begin September 1, 1994. The University of California, Davis is an equal opportunity/affirmative action employer with a strong institutional commitment to the achievement of diversity among its faculty and staff. In that spirit, we are particularly interested in receiving applications from persons of underrepresented groups including women, ethnic minorities, disabled veterans, Vietnam-era veterans, and handicapped persons.

Research Mycologist. Experience desired: PhD in mycology/ plant pathology/botany/microbiology with 1-4 yrs work experi- ence beyond PhD conducting research for which mycological skills play a major role. Duties: Provide leadership for the Myco- logy Laboratory in support of American Cyanamid's Fungicide Discovery Research Program. Duties include curation of the microbial culture collection; production of fungal inocula for lab, greenhouse, and field studies; development of protocols for new plant disease tests; conducting mycological studies on se- lected compounds to help characterize their potential as fungi- cides; responding to the mycological needs of Cyanamid scien- tists in other departments; and evaluation of microbial agents for biological control of plant diseases. Computer skills needed. Bio- control experience desirable. If interested, please send resume to: Dr. James Froyd, American Cyanamid, PO Box 400, Prince- ton NJ 08543.

Culture Master (Trainee). Immediate opening for person with technical background and culture lab attitude. Duties include in- tensive training in mushroom culture management leading to management position, modernization of equiptment and some procedures, work in all phases of culture maintenance and ino- culum production including extensive hands on. Experience with mushroom spawn culture is desirable. Degree useful. Equal Opportunity Employer. Please respond to Mr. John Cascino, Sylvan Spawn Laboratory, Inc., 11 63 Winfield Rd., Cabot, PA 16023, as soon as possible but no later than 1 July 1994.

Postdoctoral Opportunities Postdoctoral Positions in Molecular Genetics of Fungi. Two post- doctoral fellowships are available in the laboratories of Dr. Robert Ullrich (Dept. of Botany) and Dr. Charles Novotny (Dept. of Micro- biology and Molecular Genetics) to work as part of their collabor- ative team studying mating-type regulation of development in the basidiomycete fungus, Schizophyllum commune. The successful candidates will prosecute either of two projects depending upon experience and interest. Project 1 examines the protein complexes of the A, Y, and Z homeodomain proteins and how these putative transcription factors attain active protein conformations in allelic combinations which activate sexual development (see Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 1992,89:7169-7173 and 71 74-71 78). Project 2 characterizes genes of the recently isolated A-a, B-a and B-i3 loci; these loci will be subjected to structural analysis as described for A- alpha (see references above). Preliminary data show that the A-fi lo- cus also encodes homeodomain proteins and the B-a locus encodes a pheromone/pheromone receptor system (i.e., an oligopeptide pher- omone and a seven transmembrane domain, serpentine-type recep- tor). Applicants must have experience in nucleic acids, proteins or antibodies. Successful candidates may also compete for.~ucille P. Markey Postdoctoral Fellowships within the Department of Micro- biology and Molecular Genetics. To apply, send curriculum vitae and three letters of recommendation to: Dr. Robert C. Ullrich, Dept. of Botany, Life Science Building, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405-0086. The University of Vermont is an AAEO employer.

Saprotrophic responses in ectomycorrhizal fungal / Botany De- partment, University of Wyoming, Lararnie, Wyoming. Project: National Science Foundation funded project entitled "Sapro- trophic Responses by Ectomycorrhizal Fungi!' The mechanisms of ectomycorrhizal fungi that may allow greater competitivity with sap- rotrophic fungi will be examined. This will be accomplished by con- ducting physiological and molecular experiments in the laboratory with specially designed root-microcosms that allow growth and ma- nipulation of a portion of the extra-matrical hyphae separate from the roots and rooting substrate while still in symbiosis with the host. Some field work may also be required. Qualifications: A Ph.D. in

mycology or closely related discipline, with research emphasis on fungi (especially ectomycorrhizal fungi and basidiomycetes) and training in growth, manipulation and experimentation with fungi, experience in fungal physiology and molecular techniques is re- quired. Knowledge of field techniques would be useful. Must have ability to work independently and as a member of a team. Salary: Commensurate with experience. Position is for up to 2 years (exten- sions may be possible), depending on experience and progress. Be- ginning date flexible but prefer on or before 15 June 1994. Interested individuals should submit their curriculum vitae, a list of three refer- ences with addresses and phone numbers, and a letter describing ca- pabilities and interests to: Dr. Steven L. Miller, Botany Department, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming 82071. Phone: (307) 766-2834; FAX: (307) 766-2851; e-mail: FUNGI@UWYO.EDU. Deadline: Applications will be accepted until 1 June 1994, or until a suitable candidate is identified. [Please contact Dr. Miller about the continued availability of this position before applying.]

Two postdoctorate positions: Biocontrol of Plant Diseases Labora- tory, USDAIARS, Beltsville, MD. I would appreciate your notifying eligible Ph.D. candidates who will be completing their degree re- quirements in the next 2-3 months of the availability of these posi- tions. Others who are qualified may also apply. 1. Research Plant Pathologist - ARS is seeking a temporary full-time Plant Pathologist (Appointment not to exceed 2 yrs.) to develop a program on biologi- cal control seed treatment technology to protect corn seed against soilborne plant pathogens. Candidate must have a Ph.D. degree. Salary i s $35,045. 2. Research Microbial Molecular Biologist - ARS is seeking a temporary full-time Microbial Molecular Biologist (fungi) to develop a program on molecular biology of fungal biological con- trol agents. Experience in molecular techniques for fungi such as PCR, RFLP, gene cloning, and transformation, etc. desired. Candi- date must have a Ph.D. degree. Salary $35,045 - $42,003 or com- mensurate with research experience and accomplishments.

Applications for both positions will be received until June 1, 1994, or until a candidate is selected. For information on the research pro- gram and/or positions, contact and send applications to: Dr. ~obert D. Lumsden, USDA, ARS, Biocontrol of Plant Diseases Laboratory, Bldg. 01 1 A Rm 275, BARC-West, Beltsville, MD 20705-2350, tel. 301-504-5682, fax 301 -504-5968. For information on application procedures/forms contact Roberta Saah, tel. 301 -344-2949. ARS is an Equal Opportunity Employer. Applicants should submit SF-1 71, resume and transcripts. [Please contact Dr. Lumsden about the con- tinued availability of this position before applying.]

Graduate Assistantships Graduate Research Assistantship, Molecular Biology of Plant/ Fungal Interactions - The University of Manitoba. Research Pro- gcam: Our laboratory is investigating the role of differential expres- sion of members of defense multigene families in plants as part of their resistance response to fungal pathogens. The "pathogenesis- related" gene family drr49 is expressed in many plant species in re- sponse to fungi, bacteria and ehcitors. We are ;sing the garden pea (Pisum sativum) as a model system to investigate the following ques- tions : 1) Do drr49 multigene family members play specific roles in the defense response? 2) Are specialized roles for drr49 genes con- served among wild relatives of pea? 3) Is differential expression of drr49 genes a consequence of differential binding by transcription factors? 4) Do pea drr49 genes, when transformed into canola (Bras- sica napus) exhibit induction in response to pea pathogens and/or canola pathogens? -: B.S. or M.Sc. in Genetics, Bio- chemistry, Plant Pathology or related field. The ideal candidate will have a strong background in Plant Pathology and some experience in recombinant DNA. The P e : Funding for an MSc or PhD stu-

dent i s available September 1994 through March 1997. Applications must be received by June 1, 1994. The Universitv. Winnip& M u : The University of Manitoba is one of Canada's major cen- ters for agricultural research. Other academic and research institu- tions in Winnipeg include Agriculture Canada, the U. of M. Health Sciences campus and the Univ. of Winnipeg. Winnipeg offers a cos- mopolitan mixture of culture and entertainment, including the Royal Winnipeg Ballet, and the Winnipeg Symphony Orchestra, as well as the NHL Jets and CFL Blue Bombers. The comparatively low cost of living, clean air and friendly people combine to make Winnipeg a very liveable city. Winnipeg is at the interface of the prairie and

boreal forest, and the Manitoba lake country offers opportunities for boating, fishing and wilderness camping. Applications: Send curricu- lum vitae including a brief (one page) description of either your research experience or research interests. Promising applicants will be asked to submit a formal application. (TOEFL required for non- Canadian applicants whose native language is not English.) Send CVs to: Dr. Brian Fristensky, Department of Plant Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB CANADA R3T 2N2. Phone: 204-474- 6085 FAX: 204-261-5732 Email: frist@cc.umanitoba.ca. Com- munication by electronic mail is strongly preferred.

I would like to reinforce some of the comments in Pres- ident Ron Petersen's letter: This issue of Inoculum, like several others before it includes several items about the proposed National Biological Survey (NBS). The lead item reproduced (with permission) from the ASC Washington Initiative that should be of broad interest and concern to many MSA members. I concur in President Petersen's praise of the efforts by MSA President-Elect Amy Rossman to keep the Society membership aware of key develop ments (or the lack thereof) involving the inclusion of fungi in biodiversity efforts here in the US and abroad.

Not every member of the MSA is vitally interested in the NBS or in biodiversity issues. Nonetheless, the possible modifications in the conduct of field biology that may be put in place as a result of the inception of the National Biological Survey should be of very considerable interest to a great many mycologists and other biologists who may have little basic interest in the NBS as a federally organ- ized effort in the documentation of biodiversity. The pros- pects of having to seek formal written permission from the owner of any land on which you might wish to pursue studies could impose a daunting set of impediments to field studies. The list of 'follow-up' rights and responsibi- lities issues that might become an intrinsic part of the spe- cific consent to undertake work on somebody else's land might, indeed, have a negative impact on many people, researchers and landowners alike. It remains to be seen

whether these possible restrictions will apply only to work under the auspices of the NBS or whether they may also be extended regrettably to a far greater range of biological studies undertaken in the field.

For those of you who are very much concerned about the NBS, the list of suggestions for possible actions on p. 6 provides some welcome guidance. It i s my firm hope to be able to present more such information and suggestions to you.

In a separate issue, you may be wondering about the lack of information about the International Mycological Congress in this issue. There was no information received from the Organizing Committee about the Congress for inclusion in the MSA newsletter. I assume that this means that all has gone well in the preparation for this much awaited event. Please note that the schedule for MSA social events is listed in the Upcoming Events section on page 10.

I look forward to seeing a large MSA contingent at Vancouver, and to spending time enjoying not only the very diverse program of this Congress, but the glories of Vancouverd itself. For those of you who have never been to this city, you have a treat in store since it is one of the most attractive cities I have ever visited. For those of you who are familiar with Vancouver, I can only imagine that you are as anxious as I am for the chance to be there yet again.

Rich Humber

SUSTAINING MEMBERS OF THE MYCOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA

The MSA is extremely grateful for the continuing support of i t s Sustaining Members. Please patronize them and, whenever possible, let their representatives

know of our appreciation.

Abbott Laboratories Pharmaceutical Products Division One Abbott Park Road

Abbott Park, IL 60064-3500

American Cyanamid Company Agricultural Research Division PO Box 400 Princeton, NJ 08543-0400

Discovery and development of crop protec- tion and animal health products for manu- facture and marketing throughout the world

Amgen Incorporated Dr. Daniel Vapnek Amgen Center Thousand Oaks, CA 91320-1789

Biopharmaceutical research and development

Amycel - Spawn Mate P. 0. Box 189 Watsonville, CA 95077-0189

Producers of quality Agaricus and specialty mushroom spawn, compost nutrient supple- ments and other technical services for commercial mushroom production

Bristol-Myers Squibb Pharmaceutical Research Institute Princeton, NJ 08453-4000

Burroughs Wellcorne Co. Molecular Genetics and Microbiology Division, 3030 Cornwallis Road, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709

Carolina Biological Supply Company 2700 York Road, Burlington, NC 27215

Sewing science education since 1927

Dowelanco 4040 Vincennes Circle, Suite 601, Indianapolis, IN 46268

A global agricultural products company

DuPont Company Science and Engineering Laboratories Life Sciences Division, E40UZ231, Wilmington, DE 19880-0402

field & forest products, inc. N3296 Kozuzek Road, Peshtigo, WI 54157

Producers of specialty mushroom spawn

Fungi Perfecti P.O. Box 7634, Olympia, WA 98507 phone (206) 426-9292 fax (206) 426-9377

Innovators in the domestication of wild edible fungi. Paul Stamets. President

Hoechst-Roussel Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Dr. Beatrice G. Abrams North Route 202-206 Sommerville, NJ 08876

Janssen Pharmaceutica P. 0. Box 200, Titusville, NJ 08560-0200

The R.W. Johnson Pharmaceutical Research lnstitute A Research and Development Manage- ment group for Johnson & Johnson pharmaceutical companies.

La Jolla, CA - Raritan, NJ - Spring House, PA - Toronto, Canada - Zurich, Switzerland

Lane Science Equipment Co. 225 West 34th Street, Suite 1412, New York, NY 10122-1496

Complete line of mushroom storage cabinets, especially herbarium cabinets, airtight for permanent protection

Lilly Research Laboratories E l i Lilly & Company Lilly Corporate Center Indianapolis, IN 46285

Merck Research Laboratories Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ 07065-0900

Myw Pharmaceuticals Inc Suite 2200 One Kendall Square Cambridge, MA 02139

Pharmaceutical development from a comprehensive base of mycology, fungal genetics, and chemistry

Mycosearch, Inc. Five Oaks Office Park, Suite 6, 4905 Pine Cone Drive, Durham, NC 27707

Mycotaxon, Ltd. P.O. Box 264, Ithaca, NY 14851

Publishers of Mycotaxon, an international journal of the taxonomy and nomenclature of fungi and lichens

Ostrom Mushroom Farm 8323 Steilacoom Road SE Olympia, Washington 98513 Phone: (206) 491-141 1

Expanding, quality-oriented mushroom production facility

Pfizer, Inc. Central Research Division, Eastern Point Rd. Groton, CT 06340

Fine chemicals and pharmaceuticals by means of microorganisms

Pioneer Hi-Bred International, Inc. Attn: Dr. James A. Berry Plant Breeding Division P.O. Box 1004 Johnson, Iowa 50131-1004

World leader in genetic research for agriculture

Rohm and Haas Co. Research Laboratories, Dr. Willie Wilson 727 Norristown Road, Spring House, PA 19477

Specialty monomers, industrial biocides, and agricultural chemicals

Sandoz Pharma Ltd. CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland

Schering-Plough Research Institute 2015 Gallopins Hill Road, Kenilworth, NJ 07033-0'539-

Pharmaceutical research and development

Sylvan Spawn Laboratory, Inc. Dr. R. W. Kerrigan, Director of Research Research Department 1163 Winfield Road Cabot, PA 16023

Specialists in the large-scale production of pure fungal inocula for the biotechnology and commercial mushroom industries, West Hills Industrial Park, Kittanning, PA 16201

Triarch Incorporated Ripon, WI 54971

Quality prepared microscope slides, catalog-listed, or custom-prepared to your specifications

Uniroyal Chemical Company, Inc. 70 Amity Road, Bethany, CT 06525

Producers of crop protection/production chemicals; fungicides, insecticides, miticides, herbicides, plant growth regulants, and foliar nutrients

The Upjohn Company, Upjohn Laboratories 301 Henrietta Str., Kalamazoo, MI 49007

Warner-Lambert Company Pharmaceutical Research Division, 2800 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48106-1047

You are encouraged to inform the Sustaining Membership Committee (Van Cotter, Chair) of firms or foun-dations that might be approached about Sustaining Membership in the MSA. Sustaining members have all the rights and privileges of individual members in the MSA and are listed as a Sustaining Members in all issues of Mycologia and Inoculum.

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I

noculum Richard A. Humber, Editor US Plant, Soil & Nutrition Laboratory Tower Road Ithaca, New York 14853-2901

Newsletter of the Mycological Society of America phone (office): 607-255-1 276 phone (home): 607-272-6801 fax: 607-255-2459

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Information for the Newsletter

Submit this sheet or other material to the Editor at your earliest convenience. Early submission of material will expedite the preparation and issuance of Inoculum. Inoculum will be issued four times a year, in January, April, October, and a month before the Annual Meeting (with the program, abstracts and other related material).

e :, Please be sure that information for the Newsletter is legible (preferably, readable by scanning software).

I strongly encourage you to send text on 3.5 inch disks in Apple Macintosh or IBM/compatible formats. In addition to ASCII text files, word processing files created by MacWrite, MS-Word, or WriteNow (for Macintosh computers) or by MS-Word or Word Perfect (for IBM or compatible computers) can be used. Send both the disk and hard copy of the material and a self- addressed stamped envelope (if you wish the disk back). Submissions by electronic mail to my Internet mailbox (see above) are also encouraged.

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SUGGESTED ITEMS FOR SUBMISSION: [Use the current lnoculum as a model] :

Major and minor news items of interest to MSA members

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and its committees News from affiliated societies New research projects Mycological essays Mycological humor Mycological artwork Foray checklists Changes in affiliation Honor, awards or

promotions received Mycological travel Other personal news Letters to the Editor Fungi wanted or available Mycological services

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available or sought Employment available

or sought Fellowships available or

sought ... or anything else you

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GT Use the back or attach additional pages as needed! m