Upload
sambaiah-nyatani
View
216
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
8/6/2019 Fundamentals and Technology Options for the Anaerobic Treatment of Liquid Wastes
1/52
FUNDAMENTALS AND TECHNOLOGY
TREATMENT OF LIQUID WASTES
E. Ravindranath
Department of Environmental Technology,
Central Leather Research Institute
Chennai 600 020
8/6/2019 Fundamentals and Technology Options for the Anaerobic Treatment of Liquid Wastes
2/52
8/6/2019 Fundamentals and Technology Options for the Anaerobic Treatment of Liquid Wastes
3/52
ENERGY
biogas
FOOD
ANAEROBICWASTEWATERTREATMENT
Industrial, domestic
SLURRIESsewage slurries
s pon s
water forreuse
ANAEROBICDIGESTION
qu manure
SOLID WASTES
manure (solid)refuse
TREATMENTMETHODS
liquideffluents
water for
discharge
STABILIZEDSLUDGETYPES OF BIOMASS
energy crops
recovery of
fertilizers
NH4+ salts
PO43- salts
irrigation,fertilization
recovery ofelemental
S
conditioning
FOOD RAW MATERIAL
FOOD
LIQUID AND SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
8/6/2019 Fundamentals and Technology Options for the Anaerobic Treatment of Liquid Wastes
4/52
AEROBIC PROCESS
H2O
8/6/2019 Fundamentals and Technology Options for the Anaerobic Treatment of Liquid Wastes
5/52
8/6/2019 Fundamentals and Technology Options for the Anaerobic Treatment of Liquid Wastes
6/52
UNIT OPERATIONS
a) Physical unit operations
c) Biological unit operations
8/6/2019 Fundamentals and Technology Options for the Anaerobic Treatment of Liquid Wastes
7/52
Typical Flow Diagram of Treatment Plant
8/6/2019 Fundamentals and Technology Options for the Anaerobic Treatment of Liquid Wastes
8/52
Biological processes for wastewater treatment
Aerobic processes
Sus ended rowth Activated-slud e rocess
Aerated lagoonsAerobic digestion
Attached growth Trickling filter
Rotating biological contractors
Packed-bed reactors
Anaerobic processes
Sus ended rowth Anaerobic contact rocesses
Attached growth Anaerobic digestion
bed
Hybrid Upflow anaerobic sludge blanket
8/6/2019 Fundamentals and Technology Options for the Anaerobic Treatment of Liquid Wastes
9/52
Biological treatment systems adopted
ANAEROBIC
ep c an Anaerobic lagoon Anaerobic filter UASB
AEROBIC
Activated slud e rocess Oxidation ditch Oxidation pond Aerobic lagoon
8/6/2019 Fundamentals and Technology Options for the Anaerobic Treatment of Liquid Wastes
10/52
AEROBIC REACTOREnergy
Escapes
100 kwh Power
required
g
COD
10-20 kg
COD
20-40 kgSludge
185 kwhEnergy recovered
ANAEROBIC REACTOR
100 kgCOD
20-30 kgCOD
5-10 kg
Sludge
8/6/2019 Fundamentals and Technology Options for the Anaerobic Treatment of Liquid Wastes
11/52
ADVANTAGES OF ANAEROBIC
ow energy cos
Less bio-mass generation
Less solid waste to dispose
Less N&P requirement
ess space requ re Off-gas air pollution eliminated
8/6/2019 Fundamentals and Technology Options for the Anaerobic Treatment of Liquid Wastes
12/52
LAGOON
LAND AREA REQUIRED IS HIGH
PERIODICAL CLEANING REQUIRED LESS EFFICIENT
8/6/2019 Fundamentals and Technology Options for the Anaerobic Treatment of Liquid Wastes
13/52
8/6/2019 Fundamentals and Technology Options for the Anaerobic Treatment of Liquid Wastes
14/52
Complex organic material
Acidogenesis
Fatty acids
(C>2)
Acetogenesis
AcetateH + CO
Methanogenesis Methanogenesis
Sulfate
reductionCH4+CO2 Sulfate
reduction
H2S+CO2
Flow Chart: Anaerobic Digestion of Sulfate Rich Waste
8/6/2019 Fundamentals and Technology Options for the Anaerobic Treatment of Liquid Wastes
15/52
HYDROLYSIS
In the hydrolysis step largeor anic molecules such asproteins, poly-saccharides and
fats are de raded into smalland soluble componentssu ars amino-acids fatt
acids) by enzymes excreted byfermentative bacteria.
8/6/2019 Fundamentals and Technology Options for the Anaerobic Treatment of Liquid Wastes
16/52
compounds are converted into a-,
compounds: volatile fatty acids, ,
butyric acid, etc., alcohols,
, , , ,NH3. New biomass is also formed.
8/6/2019 Fundamentals and Technology Options for the Anaerobic Treatment of Liquid Wastes
17/52
Products of the acidification step can
be converted into acetate, H2 and CO2by acetogenic bacteria. New biomass ism w . n n
rates applied in the treatment of
concentrations of the products ofacidogenesis and acetogenesis are only
present in very low concentrations.
8/6/2019 Fundamentals and Technology Options for the Anaerobic Treatment of Liquid Wastes
18/52
METHANOGENESIS
decomposition, the products of the, 2
and CO2, formic acid and methanol
CO2 as well as new biomass. In
-takes place.
8/6/2019 Fundamentals and Technology Options for the Anaerobic Treatment of Liquid Wastes
19/52
ATTACHED GROWTH ANAEROBICREACTOR
Upflow contact filter
Fluidized Bed Reactor
8/6/2019 Fundamentals and Technology Options for the Anaerobic Treatment of Liquid Wastes
20/52
Anaerobic Lagoon
Up flow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket
UASB
8/6/2019 Fundamentals and Technology Options for the Anaerobic Treatment of Liquid Wastes
21/52
DEVELOPMENT OF ANAERPIC REACTORS
1. Septic Tank
2. Imhoff Tank
3. Single stage anaerobic reactors
.
5. Anaerobic Fluidized Bed Reactor
6. Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket
8/6/2019 Fundamentals and Technology Options for the Anaerobic Treatment of Liquid Wastes
22/52
O U T L E T C H A M B E R
O U T L E T P I P E
I N L E T C H A M B E R
C O V E R S L A B W I T H M A N H O L E
I N L E T P I P E
F I G 1 S E P T I C T A N K
I N L E T P I P E
F I G 2 I M H O F F T A N K
8/6/2019 Fundamentals and Technology Options for the Anaerobic Treatment of Liquid Wastes
23/52
F I G 3 A N A E R O B I C F I L T E R S
B I O F I L M / M E D I AS E P A R A T O R
B I O P A R T I C L E
F I G 4 A N A E R O B I C F L U I D I Z E D B E D R E A C T O R
8/6/2019 Fundamentals and Technology Options for the Anaerobic Treatment of Liquid Wastes
24/52
8/6/2019 Fundamentals and Technology Options for the Anaerobic Treatment of Liquid Wastes
25/52
F IG 5 U P F L O W A N A E R O B I C S L U D G E B L A N K E T
F IG 6 G L S S E P A R A T O R
8/6/2019 Fundamentals and Technology Options for the Anaerobic Treatment of Liquid Wastes
26/52
8/6/2019 Fundamentals and Technology Options for the Anaerobic Treatment of Liquid Wastes
27/52
8/6/2019 Fundamentals and Technology Options for the Anaerobic Treatment of Liquid Wastes
28/52
8/6/2019 Fundamentals and Technology Options for the Anaerobic Treatment of Liquid Wastes
29/52
UASB
8/6/2019 Fundamentals and Technology Options for the Anaerobic Treatment of Liquid Wastes
30/52
UASB REACTOR
LD in UASB Reactor 5 5.5 m -
Sludge Production COD x 0.75x 0.08
rgan c oa ng ra e . - g m ay
Biogas yield 0.20 0.25 m3/kg of
COD removed Hood width 0.45m
8/6/2019 Fundamentals and Technology Options for the Anaerobic Treatment of Liquid Wastes
31/52
REACTOR
Flow 10MLD .
COD Conc. 700 mg/L
oa g ay
8/6/2019 Fundamentals and Technology Options for the Anaerobic Treatment of Liquid Wastes
32/52
REACTOR VOLUME BASED
ON ORGANIC LOADING
Vol. of Reactor :
------------------------------------3
------- = 4666 m3
1.5
8/6/2019 Fundamentals and Technology Options for the Anaerobic Treatment of Liquid Wastes
33/52
REACTOR VOLUME BASED
ON HYDRAULIC RETENTION
Vol. of Reactor :
ow x
x x
----------------
24= 4166 m3
8/6/2019 Fundamentals and Technology Options for the Anaerobic Treatment of Liquid Wastes
34/52
REACTOR
Area of the reactor:
Volume
----------Height
= 933 m2
8/6/2019 Fundamentals and Technology Options for the Anaerobic Treatment of Liquid Wastes
35/52
THE REACTOR
Area of the reactor:
Area 933
---------- = ------Width 16
Length = 58 m
8/6/2019 Fundamentals and Technology Options for the Anaerobic Treatment of Liquid Wastes
36/52
NUMBER OF REACTORS
Assuming 1:2 ratio Divide the length of the
eac or n o wo
Fix the length of the reactor as 32 m The length of the reactor may be in the
multiples of four
Size of each reactor: 3
8/6/2019 Fundamentals and Technology Options for the Anaerobic Treatment of Liquid Wastes
37/52
Design of GLS separator
Assume 4 m centre to centre gas dome
Assume 18% aperture length
Width of the Gas collector: 4 x 0.82 = 3.28 m Angle of Gas dome: 450
8/6/2019 Fundamentals and Technology Options for the Anaerobic Treatment of Liquid Wastes
38/52
Design of GLS separator
Overlap 0.15 mm
Width of Gas Dome: 0.45 m
Length of projection: 1.41 m
8/6/2019 Fundamentals and Technology Options for the Anaerobic Treatment of Liquid Wastes
39/52
8/6/2019 Fundamentals and Technology Options for the Anaerobic Treatment of Liquid Wastes
40/52
8/6/2019 Fundamentals and Technology Options for the Anaerobic Treatment of Liquid Wastes
41/52
FEED INLET ARRANGEMENTS
8/6/2019 Fundamentals and Technology Options for the Anaerobic Treatment of Liquid Wastes
42/52
8/6/2019 Fundamentals and Technology Options for the Anaerobic Treatment of Liquid Wastes
43/52
FEED INLET POINT & DEFLECTOR BEAM
8/6/2019 Fundamentals and Technology Options for the Anaerobic Treatment of Liquid Wastes
44/52
RC
8/6/2019 Fundamentals and Technology Options for the Anaerobic Treatment of Liquid Wastes
45/52
8/6/2019 Fundamentals and Technology Options for the Anaerobic Treatment of Liquid Wastes
46/52
8/6/2019 Fundamentals and Technology Options for the Anaerobic Treatment of Liquid Wastes
47/52
WATERRECOVERY
NOTCONSIDERED
1. CONVENTIONAL LAGOON SYSTEM
IS CONSIDERED
IFI
2. FULLY AEROBIC SYSTEM
DISPOSED
3. COMBINED TREATMENT WITH UASBPST : PRIMARY SETTLING TANK
SST : SECONDARY SETTLING TANK(PROPOSED FOR CETP
AT PERUNDURAI)
:
SDWS : SLUDGE DEWATERING SYSTEM
SEP : SOLAR EVAPORATION PANS
(FOR WATERRECOVERY)
TAN NERY EFFLUENT T REATM ENT SYSTEMS
8/6/2019 Fundamentals and Technology Options for the Anaerobic Treatment of Liquid Wastes
48/52
CLRI, CHENNAI , INDIA
FLOW DIAGRAM OF PIL OT SCALE SULFUR RECOVERY UNIT
8/6/2019 Fundamentals and Technology Options for the Anaerobic Treatment of Liquid Wastes
49/52
SULPHUR RECOVERY UNIT
8/6/2019 Fundamentals and Technology Options for the Anaerobic Treatment of Liquid Wastes
50/52
8/6/2019 Fundamentals and Technology Options for the Anaerobic Treatment of Liquid Wastes
51/52
Post Aerobic Treatment is required(one day polishing pond for sewage).
T m lif rm l v l in h reffluent maturation pond or chemicalr m n i r ir .
8/6/2019 Fundamentals and Technology Options for the Anaerobic Treatment of Liquid Wastes
52/52
THANK YOU