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CIUDEN Ponferrada, 9th – 13th September 2013
Fundación Ciudad de la Energía CIUDEN
Ponferrada 9th to 13th September 2013
Organised by: Hosted by:
Agglomeration in a 30 MWth Circulating Fluidized Bed boiler
under oxy combustion conditions
María I. Espada1, Pedro Otero1, Paula Ramos1, Timea Kovács1, Ruth Diego1, J.F Llamas Borrajo2
1Fundación Ciudad de la Energía, Ponferrada, Spain
2UPM: Escuela Superior de Minas y Energía, Madrid, Spain
CIUDEN Ponferrada, 9th – 13th September 2013 CIUDEN Ponferrada, 9th – 13th September 2013
Contents
• Introduction • Scope • Activities • First results • Summary
CIUDEN Ponferrada, 9th – 13th September 2013 CIUDEN Ponferrada, 9th – 13th September 2013
Introduction
Hämäläinen, 2011 VTT Technical Research Center of Finland
Potential operational problems of CFB boilers both
in air- and in oxy- mode:
Ash buildup and agglomeration
Defluidization
Shutdown for cleaning and maintenance
CIUDEN Ponferrada, 9th – 13th September 2013 CIUDEN Ponferrada, 9th – 13th September 2013
Agglomeration of bed material
Åmand & Steenari, 2011
CIUDEN Ponferrada, 9th – 13th September 2013 CIUDEN Ponferrada, 9th – 13th September 2013
Scope
“Agglomeration of minerals … may be a problem; targeted measurements … in semi-commercial scale would provide definitive answers and identify remedial measures, if any”. (Wall et al., 2012)
30 MWth CFB Boiler
CIUDEN FOSTER WHEELER
CIUDEN Ponferrada, 9th – 13th September 2013 CIUDEN Ponferrada, 9th – 13th September 2013
Work plan flowchart
Raw materials Agglomerates
Sampling
Classification
Analysis Analysis
Operational conditions
Statistical data analysis
Interpretation - conclusions
Improvement of operation
Sampling
CIUDEN Ponferrada, 9th – 13th September 2013 CIUDEN Ponferrada, 9th – 13th September 2013
Work plan flowchart
Raw materials Agglomerates
Sampling
Classification
Analysis Analysis
Operational conditions
Statistical data analysis
Interpretation - conclusions
Improvement of operation
Sampling
CIUDEN Ponferrada, 9th – 13th September 2013 CIUDEN Ponferrada, 9th – 13th September 2013
Sampling
Material
Raw materials
• Fuel • Limestone • Sand • (Ashes)
Agglomerates
Sampling period
During operation
Shut-downs Boiler
inspections
Sampling point
• Trucks • Silos • Ducts
Whole system
CIUDEN Ponferrada, 9th – 13th September 2013 CIUDEN Ponferrada, 9th – 13th September 2013
Sampling – Boiler inspections
Bottom of furnace and ingoing ducts
CIUDEN Ponferrada, 9th – 13th September 2013 CIUDEN Ponferrada, 9th – 13th September 2013
Sampling – Boiler inspections
Loop seal, Intrex®, overflow
Muñoz et al., 2013
CIUDEN Ponferrada, 9th – 13th September 2013 CIUDEN Ponferrada, 9th – 13th September 2013
Cyclone, Crossover, Heat recovery zone
Sampling – Boiler inspections
CIUDEN Ponferrada, 9th – 13th September 2013 CIUDEN Ponferrada, 9th – 13th September 2013
Documentation
CIUDEN Ponferrada, 9th – 13th September 2013 CIUDEN Ponferrada, 9th – 13th September 2013
Sample codification and classification
Codification: Sampling date Sampling point
- 5 sessions partially and 3 sessions completely sampled and documented
- 270 classified and codified samples of 3 sessions
- 41 codified sampling points
- 3 major and several minor sample type groups identified
Classification: Colour Grain size
Type I. Type II. Type III.
CIUDEN Ponferrada, 9th – 13th September 2013 CIUDEN Ponferrada, 9th – 13th September 2013
-33 agglomerate samples of 3 sessions and
-39 samples of limestone, sand, fuel and ashes • Optical microscopy • X-ray diffraction • X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy • Elemental analysis of C and S • Thermogravimetry
-12 agglomerate samples of 3 sessions
• Electron microscopy (SEM+EDX)
Analysis of raw materials and agglomerates
Goal: Characterization of the texture, structure, composition and physical properties
CIUDEN Ponferrada, 9th – 13th September 2013 CIUDEN Ponferrada, 9th – 13th September 2013
Analysis of raw material and agglomerates Sample preparation:
ELEM
ENTA
L, M
INER
ALO
GIC
AL
COM
POSI
TIO
N
Separation of layers Grinding Pressed pellets
TEXT
URE
AN
D ST
RUCT
URE
Cutting Thin sections Polished sections
CIUDEN Ponferrada, 9th – 13th September 2013 CIUDEN Ponferrada, 9th – 13th September 2013
First Analytical Results
CIUDEN Ponferrada, 9th – 13th September 2013 CIUDEN Ponferrada, 9th – 13th September 2013
First results - Textures
Type I. Type III. Type II. 12,5x
57,5x 12x
12,5x
5x
3,5x 40x
CIUDEN Ponferrada, 9th – 13th September 2013 CIUDEN Ponferrada, 9th – 13th September 2013
First results – Compositions – Major & trace elements
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50
SiO
2 (%
)
Al2O3 (%)
Type 3.
Type 2.
Type 1.
CIUDEN Ponferrada, 9th – 13th September 2013 CIUDEN Ponferrada, 9th – 13th September 2013
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
50.0 500.0
CaO
(%)
Sr (ppm)
Type 3.
Type 2.
Type 1.
Fuel
Sand
Limestone
Bottom ash
Fly ash
First results – Compositions – Major & trace elements
CIUDEN Ponferrada, 9th – 13th September 2013 CIUDEN Ponferrada, 9th – 13th September 2013
First results – “Sticking” mechanisms I.
CIUDEN Ponferrada, 9th – 13th September 2013 CIUDEN Ponferrada, 9th – 13th September 2013
First results – “Sticking” mechanisms I.
CIUDEN Ponferrada, 9th – 13th September 2013 CIUDEN Ponferrada, 9th – 13th September 2013
First results – “Sticking” mechanisms II.
CIUDEN Ponferrada, 9th – 13th September 2013 CIUDEN Ponferrada, 9th – 13th September 2013
First results – “Sticking” mechanisms III.
CIUDEN Ponferrada, 9th – 13th September 2013 CIUDEN Ponferrada, 9th – 13th September 2013
1. Agglomeration in CFB boilers is a real issue
2. Reasons and mechanisms?
3. Studies at semi-industrial scale
4. CIUDEN s first results
Summary
CIUDEN Ponferrada, 9th – 13th September 2013 CIUDEN Ponferrada, 9th – 13th September 2013
THANK YOU VERY MUCH FOR YOUR ATTENTION
For further information, please contact
Pedro Otero, [email protected]
Timea Kovacs, [email protected]
