DESIGN PROJECT(KE38493)

GROUP 10LUGGAGE ANTI LOSS ALARM (L.A.L.A)

NAMEMATRIX NO.

Celson LeesoonBK12110042

Ho Whai ChunBK12110112

Jeseka ManahanBK12110122

Nurul Anis AhmadBK12110284

Wong Koi ShangBK12110380

DECLARATIONWe hereby declare that this project report entitled Luggage Anti Loss Alarm is the result of our own research except as cited in the references. The report has not been accepted for any degree and is not concurrently submitted in the candidature of any other degree.

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Signature : .........................................Name : .........................................Date : ..........................................

NAME : WONG KOI SHANGMATRIK NO. : BK12110380NAME : NURUL ANIS AHMAD MATRIK NO. : BK12110284

NAME : JESEKA MANAHANMATRIK NO. : BK12110122NAME : CELSON LEE SOONMATRIK NO. : BK12110042

NAME : HO WHAI CHUNMATRIK NO. : BK12110112

TITLE : LUGGAGE ANTI LOSS ALARMDEGREE : BACHELOR DEGREE OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICENGINEERINGVIVA DATE : 10 JUNE 2015

CERTIFIED BY

1. SUPERVISOR Signature

MR. KENNETH TEO ________________

2. SUPERVISOR IR. PUNGUT IBRAHIM ________________

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We would like to take this opportunity to express our profound gratitude and deep regard to our Project Design Advisors, Mr. Kenneth and Mr. IR. Pungut,for their exemplary guidance, valuable feedback and constant encouragement throughout the duration of this project design. Their valuable suggestions were of immense help throughout our project work. Their perceptive criticism kept our group working to make this project in a much better way. Working under them was an extremely knowledgeable experience for us. Finally, we wish to thank our parents for their support and encouragement throughout our study.

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

In this era of technology, usage of radio frequency has become very common in the field of navigation, wireless control, data transmission, security, identifications and etc. With the combination of microcontrollers and programming, radio frequency (RF) is highly potential in the field of security application. Due to the issue that community losing their belongings is getting serious, especially losing packages or luggage, we opt to design a system that helps to protect the belonging to the owner as well as to avoid from being stolen and getting lost. This system has two microcontroller devices, a transmitter for the user and a receiver for the luggage. Therefore, we can know if the luggage is within the range of transmitting or receiving signals from microcontrollers using radio frequency. The device has an alarm that will ring if the luggage is out of the range, which is when the signals stop transmitting. With this device, users will easily get notified and directly prevent inventory list. The usage of radio frequency technology is believed to be better than those commonly used in the market, which is using Bluetooth. This is mainly because Bluetooth has shorter in range and Bluetooth only connects one to one. To achieve all this, we do a simulation of the system in the PSpice software before completing the system with the prototype. With a help from this new system, it could reduce the issues of stolen luggage/bag for the communities.Besides using radio frequency, to improve the security of the luggage, we include we will include a trigger alarm that will ring if there is intruder open the users luggage. Also, the trigger alarm will be controlled by using a microcontrollerContents

Chapter page

Chapter 1.0: Introduction 1.1: Overview 1.2: Problem Statement 1.3:Project Scope and Objective Chapter 2.0: Background Study2.1: Literature Review2.2: Impact to Society and Environment2.3: Project Sustainability

Chapter 3.0: Methodology3.1: Project Structure and Design3.2: Software Tools for Project Design and Testing3.3: Hardware Design3.4: Methodology Flow Chart3.5: Gantt Chart3.6: Project Cost Estimation / Budget

Chapter 4.0: Project Development4.1: Software Simulation and Process Flow4.2: Hardware Development and Block Diagram4.3: Additional Information

Chapter 5.0: Result and Discussion5.1: Simulation Result and Discussion5.2: Project Experiment and Result5.3: Future Potential Development

Chapter 6.0: Conclusion6.1: Summary6.2: Work Distribution List6.3: Lesson Learned / Individual Course Impression

ReferenceAppendices

List of figures

Chapter page

Chapter 3.0: Methodology3.3.1: (a) The assembled transmitter module (b) The receiver module 3.4.1: Flow chart of luggage anti-lost alarm 3.4.2: Flow chart of transmitter and receiver modules

Chapter 4.0: Project Development 4.1.1: RF Transmitter circuit diagram 4.1.2: RF receiver circuit diagram 4.1.3: The assembled transmitter model. 4.1.4: (a) circuit connection for receiver (b) the assembled receiver model 4.1.5: Force opened model 4.1.6: The complete model of Luggage Anti Loss Alarm

Chapter 5.0: Result and Discussion5.1.1: Transmitter circuit with decoder5.1.2: Receiver circuit with encoder

CHAPTER 1INTRODUCTION

1.1 Overview

This idea of luggage anti lost alarm is generated based on the needs of the surrounding community whom always used the public transport and flight. Due to this, often occurrence bag snatching at the bus station and the airport also people leave without their luggage. So this kind of project can solve this problem. As we know, there are various types of luggages on the market that are less focused features - security features. Almost all the luggages in the market using the same way of security system. Our design luggage is different to others because we use an alarm to alert the user when the bag is opened or taken away. This project is designed to improve the security features that existing luggage on the market.

In this project, we will use radio frequency. Radio frequency (abbreviated RF, rf, or r.f.) is a term that refers to alternating current (AC) having characteristics such that, if the current is input to an antenna, an electromagnetic (EM) field is generated suitable for wireless broadcasting and/or communications. The RF spectrum is divided into several ranges, or bands. With the exception of the low-frequency segment, each band represents an increase of frequency corresponding to an order of magnitude (power of 10). The table depicts the eight bands in the RF spectrum, showing frequency and bandwidth ranges. With the use of radio frequency we can do data transmission among microcontrollers which is the main concept we use in the security system.In this project, we use microcontroller as a core of the whole design. A microcontroller (sometimes abbreviated C, uC or MCU) is a small computer on a single integrated circuit containing a processor core, memory, and programmable input/output peripherals. Program memory in the form of Ferroelectric RAM, NOR flash or OTP ROM is also often included on chip, as well as a typically small amount of RAM. Microcontrollers are designed for embedded applications, in contrast to the microprocessors used in personal computers or other general purpose applications.

Microcontrollers are used in automatically controlled products and devices, such as automobile engine control systems, implantable medical devices, remote controls, office machines, appliances, power tools, toys and other embedded systems. By reducing the size and cost compared to a design that uses a separate microprocessor, memory, and input/output devices, microcontrollers make it economical to digitally control even more devices and processes. Mixed signal microcontrollers are common, integrating analog components needed to control non-digital electronic systems. We also use immediate triggers. A trigger is an external stimulus that initiates one or more instrument functions. Trigger stimuli include digital edges, software, functions, and analog levels. The trigger can be derived from the attributes of the signal to be acquired, such as the level and slope of the signal. Immediate triggers occur when the digitizer triggers itself2. There is no external signal that triggers the acquisition-the acquisition simply begins immediately after being configured by the driver software. Immediate triggering is the default option on NI high-speed digitizers. Therefore, we can omit using this function if we never change triggering modes.

1.2 Problem Statement

This luggage anti lost alarm is designed for safety, especially for students during their journey through train, bus or airplane. They carry many important things and all the time they have the fear that someone might leave their luggage. So to protect our luggage, we normally lock our luggage through old ways with the help of chain and lock. After all locks, we still remain in fear that someone may slash the chain and take away our valuable material. To overcome with these fears, this security alarm can solve this problem. When someone tries to lift your luggage, it will generate a warning alarm which is very much helpful during your travel in the bus, train or airplane even at the night.

The main vision of this project can prevent the occurrence of the theft of valuable material in the luggage and the users more alert when somebody tries to approach or open the luggage caused by this security alarm. Nowadays often cases of luggage theft while in airports, bus terminals, and train. Besides that, often resulting in cases where someone tries to put inside the bag a prohibited substance on the luggage, especially when they are at the airport. Hence, this luggage security alarm can solve this problem. When someone tries to lift or open the luggage, it will generate a warning alarm which is very helpful during your travel in the bus, train or airplane even at the night.

1.3 Project Scope and Objectives

1. To design and construct a luggage security system for prevention of stealing and missing luggage. This will give the owner a peace of mind during the travel. 2. To design and provide an alarm device that prevents thief from opening the luggage.3. To apply the Radio Frequency tracking device knowledge in tracking luggage.

CHAPTER 2BACKGROUND STUDY

2.1 Literature Review

RFID Systems has been developed approximately 30 years ago. They originally were viewed as niche products and typically used for Radio Tracking of wild and agricultural animals, and later evolved into a technology which is used in many industrial applications today. For instance, all car keys of major car manufacturers contain a small transponder (RFID tag) which can send a radio signal to the car to lock the steering wheel and the cars electronics, resulting in a very efficient theft control. Also, RFID systems are used for building access control, with smart cards (RFID tag) for identification at the doors. Another popular application is Easy-Pass (RFID tag) used on toll highways and bridges .Using the similar technique, a system is developed where the use of such technology is applied to luggage or hand carry bag and so on for security purposes. Signaling between the reader and the tag is done in several different incompatible ways, depending on the frequency band used by the tag. Tags operating on LF and HF bands are, in terms of radio wavelength, very close to the reader antenna because they are only a small percentage of a wavelength away . In this near field region, the tag is closely coupled electrically with the transmitter in the reader. The tag can modulate the field produced by the reader by changing the electrical loading the tag represents. By switching between lower and higher relative loads, the tag produces a change that the reader can detect.

The newest technology, there is nowadays has a few security features such as motion sensor alarm, loud sound to alert the owner as well as to scare the thief. The Doberman Security Products for instance has develop a portable security device called Bag Protector Alert with such features . However, if the thief manages to take the luggage away the owner will not be able to track down the luggage. With that in mind, the RF system is included in this project for tracking purpose on certain range.

2.2 Impact to Society and Environment

The main vision of LALA is to prevent the occurrence of our luggage from being stolen or lost when travelling. The sound produced by the luggage anti loss alarm is like a police horn to get attention of people when someone attempt to snatch the luggage or suitcase. By taking the safety features advantages of the product, it can help to reduce the rate of stealing crime, thus helps the individual and society as a whole to have some peace of mind when they are going to public places without having to worry about the safety of their luggage/belonging. Since the component use in the designing of this product is very basic and minimal, it does not harm the environment. The radio frequency signal used also do not contribute to pollute the environment.

2.3 Project Sustainability

The application of LALA is to prevent the loss of luggage from being stolen or lost, especially when travelling or in an open place such as the airports, shopping malls, bus/train station and etc. This design is very affordable in terms of price since it is only uses the basic electronic components therefore the component to maintain and to design the product is always available. The target group of this product is people who are keen to keep the safety of their belonging, the commercial potentialities are higher, so the market life span will be longer.

CHAPTER 3METHODOLOGY

3.1 Project Structure and Design

Our team comes out with the idea of Luggage Anti - Lost Alarm which prevent luggage from getting lost. This alarm will ring when the luggage is away at a certain range from the owner, opened by an unauthorized user, and when the owner wants to find their luggage in the crowded area. We use two microcontroller devices with radio frequency transmitter and receiver respectively.

To design this Luggage anti-lost alarm that solved all the cases need follow all the procedures. Firstly, design the transmitter and receiver circuit, then using the PSpice and Proteus software to simulate the circuit. The design tool that we used in this project design is a flowchart. Flowchart is a graphical representation of this project design. From this flowchart we can see the flow how to design this product that solved all the cases.

3.2 Software Tools for Project Design and Testing

For software and programming part in this project design, PIC Kit is necessary for programming the microcontroller. We use the C programming language to program the microcontroller, PIC Microchip 16F877A. This microcontroller receives commands and translates them into hardware control logic. For circuit simulation, we use PSPICE or Proteus to simulate the circuit before proceeding to circuit construction part. The circuit is constructed in this simulation software to identify and analyze the circuit. Besides that, to analyze the output waveform.

3.3 Hardware Design

For hardware design, as shown in figure 3.3.1 (a) and (b), we put the transmitter and receiver modules inside the box. It can be easier for the user to hold the transmitter module. The receiver module will be installed inside or put on the top of the luggage.

(a) (b)

Figure 3.3.1: (a) The assembled transmitter module (b) The receiver module

The user will hold the transmitter modules, microcontroller will trigger the transmitter to continuously transmit a signal to the receiver (luggage). That continuously transmitted signal in analog will be received by the receiver and the microcontroller from the receiver will not turn on the alarm, which means the user and the luggage is in that safe range. However, radio frequency wave has certain of transmission. This means that receiver will not receive signals from the transmitter modules if they are too far away. If so, microcontroller of the receiver will trigger and ring the alarm to notify the user.

3.4 Methodology Flow Chart

Start

User wants to find the luggageLuggage is taken awayLuggage is open by an authorized user

Microcontroller

Transmitter(Microcontroller triggers the transmitter to continuously transmit a signal to receiver)

Alarm not ring in safe range

Receiver(Receive continuously transmitted signal in analog from transmitter)

Alarm ring in risk range

Valid range of signal?Output (Alarm ring)

End

Figure 3.4.1: flowchart of luggage anti-lost alarm

Figure 3.4.2: flowchart of transmitter and receiver modules.

3.5 Gantt Chart

1234567891011121314

Deciding Problem Statement

Formation of Project Design Group

Meeting with the client

Project Proposal Submission

Finalizing Project Proposal

Ordering Components

Circuit Construction

Software Coding

Presentation 1

Testing and improving of product

Presentation and Exhibition

3.6 Project Cost Estimation / Budget

NoItemQuantityPrice per unit (RM)Price(RM)

1V-shape Indoor TV Antenna18.358.35

29V Battery Snap40.602.50

39V Battery42.259.00

4RF Module117.0017.00

522pF 50Vdc Ceramic Caps40.502.00

6MTS102 (SPDT) Toggle Switch43.5014.00

7PIC 16F877A MPU233.0066.00

8104(0.1uF) 50Vdc Ceramic Caps20.901.80

940 Pins Contact-Strips24.008.00

1012MHz (12mm)Crystal Resonator27.0014.00

117805(L7805CV) Reg-IC22.505.00

12 W Carbon Film Resistor90.302.70

132N2222A Si-N10.900.90

14100uF 16Vdc Electrolytic Caps20.501.00

1510uF 25Vdc Electrolytic Caps20.501.00

165k 1/16W Trimmer21.402.80

172.5mm Mono Phone plug11.501.50

182.5mm Mono Chassis Mount Phone Jack11.501.00

19Piezo Buzzer 20mm (6~15V)15.505.50

20DS211 Green (On/Off) Press Button Switch12.802.80

21HT12E IC13.303.30

22HT12D IC13.303.30

Total173.45

CHAPTER 4PROJECT DEVELOPMENT

4.1 Software Simulation and Process Flow

The construction of the Luggage Anti Loss Alarm model mainly consists of reassembling subcomponents together to make the main components, then piecing together all main components. The first step is to program the PIC kit using C programming language. And then to design and simulate the circuit using PSPICE and Proteus before proceeding to circuit construction part. The simulation circuit is shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2.

Figure 4.1.1: RF Transmitter circuit diagram

Figure 4.1.2: RF receiver circuit diagram

4.2 Hardware Development and Block Diagram

The next step is to assemble the transmitter and receiver parts for Radio Frequency function as shown in the figures below. Both the transmitter and receiver parts contain of 2 battery supplies both valued 9V. Since the PIC is using a 5V voltage supply, a voltage regulator is used so that an input of 5V can be supplied to the PIC. There are 4 switches connected to the PIC which are S1, S2, S3, and S4. S1 is to on/off the system, S2 for quick trigerring in case the user can not find the luggage in nearby range, S3 is the alarm that alerts the user if the luggage is being force opened and S4 for alarm triggering if the luggage is taken away in 1 to 2 meters range. For receiver part, it receives signals through the decoder that is connected to PIC. If any of S2, S3 or S4 is activated, the buzzer will be triggered.

Figure 4.1.3: The assembled transmitter model.

(a) (b)

Figure 4.1.4: (a) circuit connection for receiver 4(b) the assembled receiver model

Next step is to assemble the component for force opened situation to the luggage as shown in Figure 4.1.5 below.

Figure 4.1.5: Force opened model

Figure 4.1.6: The complete model of Luggage Anti Loss Alarm

And finallly the finishing model of Luggage Anti Loss Alarm shown in Figure 6 above. The transmitter model will be set up inside of the luggage meanwhile the user will hold the transmitter for controlling purpose.

CHAPTER 5RESULT AND DISCUSSION

5.1 Simulation Results and Discussion

This project mainly consists of two sections, one is a transmitter module and the other is receiver module. This two section used PIC16F877A which is for program storage. The programming software that used is MPLAB. The program coding are constructed for transmitter module and receiver module to switch on and off the security alarm system.

Figure 5.1.1: Transmitter circuit with decoder.

Figure 5.1.2: Receiver circuit with encoder.

5.2 Project Experiment and ResultIn LALA system, transmitter device is set to have several conditions. Threre are 4 bottons in transmitter device to control the receiver which is placed in the luggage.Switch One is a Set On-Off button. This means that setting can only be done when the switch one is on. Off switch one after finish setting then the receiver will run according to the setting set,Switch Two is the Out of Range On-Off button. When this switch is set ON, receiver will ring the alarm if the receiver and transmitter is out of range (disconnected).Switch Three is the Bag Alarm On-Off button. When the switch is set ON, the bag alarm system will be activated. This means that the alarm will ring if someone open the luggage by force which will trigger the alarm in the luggage.The last switch is the immediate trigger alarm switch. When the switch is on, the alarm will trigger immediately without considering any condition. This is used to find the luggage when it is in range.Here is an example, if we are to set only out of range button to on. Firstly, we need to turn on switch one. After that, turn on switch 2 and make sure that switch 3 and 4 are off. After that, turn off switch one. Then the setting is done.In our way of experimenting the range of the RF signals, we discovered that the signals tends to be unstable when it is brought far, Therefore when setting it, make sure the devices are close enough.Howeveer, we had changed our box for device from plastic to paper box. This is due to discovering that RF signals will be absorb by plastic. Therefore we change the material in order to get strong RF signals to increase the range to our desired range.

5.3 Future Potential Development

Increasing the role of the security system of the luggage which is adding more security features. Moreover, development of luggage anti loss alarm is not limited to luggage, but the developed technology can be applied to any valuable material because this transmitter and receiver modules are portable. We can just install the receiver modules at the object, then the receiver modules will hold by the user.

CHAPTER 6CONCLUSION

6.1 Summary

As we know, many people facing a problem losing their luggage or bag due to the crowd, the thief and unaware of the safety of their belonging. Thus, people need a system that can help them to protect their belonging from loss, stolen or damage. With this project, it will help people to protect their things, so that they can do whatever they wanted to do with ease like sleeping while waiting to depart, shopping, etc. The main function of this project is to create a system that can prevent the luggage from being stolen. This system will also help to protect the bag from being open with strangers by notifying the owner if their bag is opened by strangers. This project also helps us to understand more about the radio frequency system and give an idea how to modify it to meet the need of our system since we are using it in our system.

6.2 Work Distribution List

CommitteeNameRole

Project LeaderNurul Anis Ahmad Coordinate the project team Providing the direction required for meeting the project objectives Coordinate management and technical decisions Assure that all team members understand their roles and accept their responsibilities Establish and publish clear priorities among project activities Track and report on progress to plan Communicate effectively with team members In order to manage project schedule, task detail and utilize project management tools, such as, report. In order to manage change and take active leadership in timely decision making Arbitrate and resolve conflict and interface problems within the project Provide input on the performance of project team members to their supervisors Prepare weekly report Prepare Project Report

Technical ChiefCelson Leesoon Coordinate technical elements Soldering the circuit Directing and editing video for exhibition and presentation

Secretary & FinanceJeseka Manahan Coordinate admin & finance matters Manage all board and committee meeting logistics Record minutes of all members Advise the members on its role and responsibilities Manage all the expenses Prepare Project Report Prepare weekly report

Hardware CoordinatorHo Whai Chun Coordinate hardware design Circuit construction and simulate the circuit

Software CoordinatorWong Koi Shang Coordinate software design Write and simulate the coding

6.3 Lesson Learned / Individual Course Impression

Throughout the process of designing and completing the project, we had learned and achieved so much as a group and individually. The knowledge we had acquired from previous lectures and mini project has helped a lot to accomplish the task given to us. For example, for the technical part that we had learned were applied such as soldering and designing the hardware. As for software design, we used Pspice and Proteus to simulate the circuit before we proceed to technical. These were all the knowledge and experience that we accumulated from the lectures we had and finally able to applied it to create something useful for the community. Apart from that, we had acquired new information such as the radio frequency application. We managed to learn new things through this program.

Despite the tight schedule and busy with assignments and tests, we had managed to complete the project on time. This is all possible because the teamwork within the group were amazing. We had learned that the collaboration and communication between the peers as well as with the supervisor is important to know the development of the project. Another aspect that we had learned is that never give up when the project met with dead ends. For example, during the final completion of our project the range to trigger the alarm do not work. After conducting few research on the internet, the plastic box that we used to somehow interfere the RF signals, so we had decided to change the box to paper box instead and the model finally works fine. This has taught us to never give up whenever facing a problem. All in all, this course has taught and gave us a lot of value, be it in technical works or management work, and as a group or individually.

REFERENCES

[1] JON B. HAGEN Radio Frequency Electronic circuit and applications 2nd. ed. University of Cambridge, 2009.

[2] CHRISTOPER COLEMAN An Introduction To Radio Frequency Engineering. Cambridge, United Kingdom: University of Cambridge 2004.

[3] STEVEN A. TRETTER Communication System Design Using DSP Algorithms, University of Maryland 2008.