Full Reort of Cloud Servere Energy Meter

8/16/2019 Full Reort of Cloud Servere Energy Meter

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CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

1.1 OVERVIEW

The present system of energy metering as well as billing in India which uses

electromechanical and somewhere digital energy meter is using and it consumes

more time and labour. The conventional electromechanical meters are being

replaced by new electronic meters to improve accuracy in meter reading. Still, the

Indian power sector faces a serious problem of revenue collection for the actual

electric energy supplied owing to energy thefts and network losses. One of the

prime reasons is the traditional billing system which is inaccurate many times,

slow, costly, and lack in flexibility as well as reliability.

Meters in the past and today in a few countries, were electromechanical

devices with poor accuracy and lack of configurability. Theft detection was also a

challenge. ecent developments in this direction seem to provide opportunities in

implementing energy efficient metering technologies that are more precise,

accurate, error free, etc.

! "nergy Meter enables power utilities to collect electricity bills from the

consumers prior to its consumption. The energy meter is not only limited to

!utomated Meter eading but is also attributed with transmitting the consumed

bill to costumer and information exchange with the utilities pertaining to

customer#s consumption details. ! paper suggests a design of a system which can

be used for data transmission between the personal computer through packet data.

!nother paper suggests making use of state of art technologies like $iM!% in"nergy Meter owing to the idea of centrali&ed accounting, monitoring and

charging. alternative for the electromechanical system has been proposed and

developed with the 'eripheral Interface (ontroller )!*+ and necessary software.

ue to the low cost of microcontrollers, !* family .In this paper, we have

proposed a microcontroller based single phase digital "nergy Meter reading using

-SM Microcontrollers from the !tmel !* family because of its performance,

power efficiency and design flexibility and an "nergy Meter I(.


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1.2 OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT

The obective of the cloud server energy meter reading is to make updating of

power consumption data in domestic and industrial sector and to reduce the man

power for billing system.

1.3 EXISTING AND PROPOSED SYSTEM

1.3.1 EXISTING SYSTEM

!t present the calculation of power consumption is done by manual reading.

/ere more man power is re0uired and user cannot get regular data of power

consumption.

"lectricity is a commodity re0uired to run most of the home appliances.

"lectricity cannot be seen hence a consumer has no idea about the amount of

energy consumed until /e1She receives a monthly electricity bill.

In some areas prepaid energy meters are developed which is more flexible

for)electricity board+but not useful for users.

1.3.2 PROPOSED SYSTEM

/ere we connect energy meter to microcontroller load should be off first.

$hen we enter the 2 digit password the 2 digit password read by the

microcontroller and cross check with the password in the program. If the

password is matched, the microcontroller generates active high signal to the relay

which inturns activate relay and load gets O3.

$hen load is O3 some amount of power is consumed which read by

microcontroller unit through energy meter. where energy meter rotates the discum

and counts for every ten units microcontroller generates one T(' stack of power

consumption.

$hen energy meter rotates 45 units active high signal is given to the

microcontroller and microcontroller counts the no of units.

The data from microcontroller is given to -SM1-'S modem via serial

communication and the data is sent to server and also to mobile by 6!T6

commands.


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7ig.4.4 -eneral 8lock iagram

7ig.4.9 (ustomer Side

1.4 PROJECT DESCRIPTION

3ow a days consumption of electricity has played a vital role in our daily life.

knowing the consumption energy by every time interval is the most important. To

develop the idea of updated data of energy consumption stored in cloud server.

the energy meter, loads with relay, -SM modem and keypad is interfaced with

!* !TM"-! :;4; microcontroller.

The energy meter reading is interfaced with source voltage )9


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pulse reader made by I pair sensors the I transmitter is interfaced with energy

meter and photodiode is interfaced with port !)'!5+.

$henever loads are O3 the energy meter discum revolves and when one

rotation is completed I transmitter stop the I rays to transmit. $hen photo

diode doesn#t recives I rays, it sends active low signal to '!5.$hen

microcontroller reads active low signal from '!5 and the pulse increment by /ere

one pulse is e0ual to 9 =3ITS. !nd the price is incremented by ; times of units.

$hen 45 pulses are generated, the -SM modem get enable and send a message to

a particular number through >!T (OMM!3S?. The -SM modem is interfaced

with serial port of '5@'4. ! serial communication is established between-SM and microcontroller. The microcontroller send a packet data through -SM

modem using >!T(OMM!3S?.

1.5 LITERATURE SURVEY

!t the present time some works on "nergy Information -ateway for /ome

have been done. In A4B author suggested a '( based energy monitoring tool. It is

currently supporting a set of specific smart meters. =ser needs to open an account

which will be configured in the smart meter. The meter can send energy

consumption data to the server at periodic intervals. =ser needs to login into

his1her account using a '( based browser. The main drawback of such a solution

is its very tight coupling with the utility provider and its dependency on the home

'(. The home '( is convenient for nonCtech savvy people and it also consumes

high energy if kept on all the time. In A9B authors suggested a residential gateway

controller for home energy management system )/"MS+. It is integrated on a

small embedded /1$ with Dava, -=ICOS and the latest Internet technologiesE

however it does not use /ome T* as the display medium.The last couple of years

have also witnessed rapid strides being taken in the area of smart metering )Aclosing the eventCtoCaction gap?. Most of these


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solutions tend to use personal computer or other highCcost devices for processing

and viewing energy data. In other words, these solutions are more focused towards

the developed countries and have often not kept the cost aspect in mind. The main

valueCadd of the proposed solution comes from its lowCcost. (ompared to similar

solutions that need a 'ersonal (omputer, the proposed system uses a lowcost)less

than 455 =S+ Set top 8ox )A:B, AHB+ that in addition to providing the standard

infotainment services, can also provide the "nergyCrelated services. eCuse of T*

as a display devices provides the following benefits

a+

'rovides a bigger screen realCestate compared to the small J( screens of

Smart Meters, thereby making it possible to show more useful information to the

endCuser. b+ "liminates the need for a separate display monitor, thereby reducing the cost

c+

'rovides information and alerts to the endCuser even when they are watching.

T* programs.

d+ =ses userCfriendly InfraCred remote based interfaces that are suitable for nonC

techCsavvy.

users. The other valueCadd of the proposed solution is its low power consumption

)K


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• 'hotodiode is a light sensitive semiCconductor diode which converts the light

energy into voltage or current based on the mode of operation. In general

'hotodiodes are operated in reverse bias condition.

• M!%9


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CHAPTER 2

TECHNOLOGY

2.1 GSM

2.1.1 GSM OVERVIEW

-lobal System for Mobile (ommunications )-SM+ is a standard developed

by the "uropean Telecommunications Standards Institute)"TSI+ to describe

protocols for second generation)9-+ digital cellular networks use by mobile

phones. It is the default global standard for mobile communication with over H5L

global market and is available in over 94H countries and territories. This ubi0uity

means that subscribers can use their phones throughout the world, enabled

by international roaming arrangements between mobile network operators.

-SM differs from its predecessor technologies in that both signaling and speech

channels are digital. This also facilitates the wideCspread implementation of data

communication applications into the system. The -SM standard has been an

advantage to both consumers, who may benefit from the ability to roam and

switch carriers without replacing phones, and also to network operators, who can

choose e0uipment from many -SM e0uipment vendors. -SM also pioneered

lowCcost implementation of the short message service )SMS+, also called text

messaging, which has since been supported on other mobile phone standards as

well.

2.1.2 GSM SPECIFICATIONS

F-#)/0 H55 M/& or 4:55 M/& )Some countries in the !mericas including

(anada and the =nited States use the :;5 M/& and 4H55 M/& bands, 255

and 2;5 M/& fre0uency bands are assigned in some countries, notably

Scandinavia+

M,(+%,) Modulation is a form of change process where we change the

input information into a suitable format for the transmission medium. $e also

changed the information by demodulating the signal at the receiving end. The

-SM uses -aussian Minimum Shift eying )-MS+ modulation method.


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A//#$$ M#+",$ 8ecause radio spectrum is a limited resource shared by all

users, a method must be devised to divide up the bandwidth among as many

users as possible.-SM chose a combination of TM!17M! as its method. The

7M! part involves the division by fre0uency of the total 9; M/& bandwidth

into 492 carrier fre0uencies of 955 k/& bandwidth. One or more carrier

fre0uencies are then assigned to each 8S. "ach of these carrier fre0uencies

is then divided in time, using a TM! scheme, into eight time slots. One

time slot is used for transmission by the mobile and one for reception.

They are separated in time so that the mobile unit does not receive and

transmit at the same time.

T&()$%$$%,) R(+# The total symbol rate for -SM at 4 bit per symbol in -MS

produces9G5.:


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difference between them is that a dialCup modem sends and receives data through

a fixed telephone line while a wireless modem sends and receives data through

radio waves.

! -SM modem can be an external device or a '( (ard 1 '(M(I!

(ard. Typically, an external -SM modem is connected to a computer

through a serial cable or a =S8 cable. ! -SM modem in the form of a

'( (ard 1 '(M(I! (ard is designed for use with a laptop computer. It

should be inserted into one of the '( (ard 1 '(M(I! (ard slots of a laptop

computer. Jike a -SM mobile phone, a -SM modem re0uires a SIM card

from a wireless carrier in order to operate. 8oth -SM modems and dialCupmodems support a common set of standard !T commands. Nou can use a -SM

modem ust like a dialCup modem.

7ig.9.4 -SM modem

2.1.4 ARCHITECTURE OF THE GSM NETWOR7

In a -SM network, the user terminal is called a mobile station. ! mobile

station is made up of a SIM )Subscriber Identity Module+ card allowing the user to

be uni0uely identified and a mobile terminal.

The terminals )devices+ are identified by a uni0ue 4;Cdigit identification

number called IM"I )International Mobile "0uipment Identity+. "ach SIM card

also has a uni0ue )and secret+ identification number called IMSI )International


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Mobile Subscriber Identity+. This code can be protected using a 2Cdigit key called

a 'I3 code.

The SIM card therefore allows each user to be identified independently of the

terminal used during communication with a base station. (ommunications occur

through a radio link )air interface+ between a mobile station and a base station.

7ig.9.9 -SM !rchitecture

!ll the base stations of a cellular network are connected to a base station

controller )8S(+ which is responsible for managing distribution of the resources.

The system consisting of the base station controller and its connected base stations

is called the 8ase Station Subsystem )8SS+.7inally, the base station controllers are

themselves physically connected to the Mobile Switching (entre )MS(+, managed

by the telephone network operator, which connects them to the public telephone

network and the Internet. The MS( belongs to a 3etwork Station

Subsystem )3SS+, which is responsible for managing user identities, their location

and establishment of communications with other subscribers. The MS( is

generally connected to databases that provide additional functions

The /ome Jocation egister )/J+ is a database containing information

)geographic position, administrative information etc.+ of the subscribers

registered in the area of the switch )MS(+.

The *isitor Jocation egister )*J+ is a database containing information of users other than the local subscribers. The *J retrieves the data of a new


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user from the /J of the userPs subscriber &one. The data is maintained as

long as the user is in the &one and is deleted when the user leaves or after a

long period of inactivity )terminal off+.

The "0uipment Identify egister )"I+ is a database listing the mobile

terminals.

The !uthentication (entre )!=(+ is responsible for verifying user identities.

The cellular network formed in this way is designed to support mobility via

management of handovers )movements from one cell to another+.

2.1.5 INTRODUCTION TO AT COMMANDS

!T commands are instructions used to control a modem. !T is the abbreviation

of !ttention. "very command line starts with 6!T6 or 6at6. ThatPs the reason,

modem commands are called !T commands. Many of the commands that are used

to control wired dialCup modems.

(OMM!3S "S(I'TIO3

!1 eCIssue Jast !T (ommand

!T! !nswer Incoming (all

!T/ isconnect "xisting (onnection

!TQ(M- elete SMS Message

!TQ(M-7 Select Message 7ormat

!TQ(M-J Jist of SMS Message

!TQ(M- ead the SMS Message

!TQ(M-S Send SMS Message

!TQ(3MI /ow Modem $ill esponse $hen ! SMS is ecieved

!TQ('I3R To (heck SIM is eady

!TQ("-R 3etwork egister

Tabel.9.4 !T (ommands

2.2 GPRS

2.2.1 GPRS OVERVIEW


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-'S stands for -eneral 'acket adio System. -'S provides packet radio

access for mobile -lobal System for Mobile (ommunications )-SM+ and timeC

division multiple access )TM!+ users.

-'S is important as a migration step toward thirdCgeneration )


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7ollowing two new components, called -'S support nodes )-S3s+, are added

G(+#8(0 GPRS S,&+ N,# 9GGSN:The -ateway -'S Support 3ode acts

as an interface and a router to external networks. The --S3 contains routing

information for -'S mobiles which is used to tunnel packets through the I'

based internal backbone to the correct Serving -'S Support 3ode. The --S3

also collects charging information connected to the use of the external data

networks and can act as a packet filter for incoming traffic.

S#&;%)' GPRS S,&+ N,# 9SGSN:The Serving -'S Support 3ode is

responsible for authentication of -'S mobiles, registration of mobiles in thenetwork, mobility management, and collecting information for charging for the

use of the air interface.

I)+#&)( B(/


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7ig.9.2 -'S 'rotocol Stack

One of the most important things to note here is that the application

communicates via standard I', which is carried through the -'S network and

out through the gateway -'S looks like a normal I' subCnetwork to users both

inside and outside the network.

!lso notice that packets travelling between the --S3 and the S-S3 use the

-'S tunneling protocol, so the internal backbone network does not have to deal

with I' addresses outside the -'S network. This -T' is run over =' and I'

8etween the S-S3 and the MS a combination of Sub 3etwork ependent

(onvergence 'rotocol and Jogical Jink (ontrol is used. S3(' compresses data

to minimi&e the load on the radio channel. The JJ( provides a safe logical link by

encrypting packets. The same JJ( link is used as long as a mobile is under a

single S-S3.

$hen the mobile moves to a routing area that lies under a different S-S3, the

JJ( link is removed and a new link is established with the new Serving -S3

%.9;. Services are provided by running %.9; on top of T('1I' in the internal

backbone.

2.3 CLOUD BASED WEB SERVER

2.3.1 CLOUD


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(loud computing is internetCbased computing in which large groups of

remote servers are networked to allow sharing of dataCprocessing tasks,

centrali&ed data storage, and online access to computer services or resources.

(louds can be classified as public, private or hybrid.

7ig.9.; (loud (omputing

(loud computing relies on sharing of resources to achieve coherence and

economies of scale, similar to a utility )like the electricity grid+ over a network.A4B

!t the foundation of cloud computing is the broader concept of converged

infrastructure and shared services.

2.3.1.1 SERVICE MODELS

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_networkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_networkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_cloudhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_cloudhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_networkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_cloud


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7ig.9.F Service Model

INFRASTRUCTURE AS A SERVICE 9IAAS:In the most basic cloudCservice

model @ according to the I"T7 )Internet "ngineering Task 7orce+, providers of

IaaS offer computers physical or )more often+ virtual machines and other

resources. IaaS clouds often offer additional resources such as a virtualC

machine disk image library, raw block storage, and file or obect storage,

firewalls, load balancers, I' addresses, virtual local area networks )*J!3s+, and

software bundles. IaaSCcloud providers supply these resources onCdemand from

their large pools installed in data centers. 7or wideCarea connectivity, customers

can use either the Internet or carrier clouds)dedicated virtual private networks+.

PLATFORM AS A SERVICE 9PAAS:In the 'aaS models, cloud providers

deliver a computing platform, typically including operating system, programming

language execution environment, database, and web server. !pplication

developers can develop and run their software solutions on a cloud platform

without the cost and complexity of buying and managing the underlying hardware

and software layers. $ith some 'aaS offers like Microsoft !&ure and -oogle !pp

"ngine, the underlying computer and storage resources scale automatically to

match application demand so that the cloud user does not have to allocate

resources manually. The latter has also been proposed by an architecture aiming to

facilitate realCtime in cloud environments.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disk_imagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Block_storagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Object_storagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Object_storagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VLANhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_centershttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wide_area_networkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carrier_cloudhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carrier_cloudhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carrier_cloudhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computing_platformhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Azurehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Azurehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_App_Enginehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_App_Enginehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_App_Enginehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disk_imagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Block_storagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Object_storagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VLANhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_centershttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wide_area_networkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carrier_cloudhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computing_platformhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Azurehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_App_Enginehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_App_Engine


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SOFTWARE AS A SERVICE 9SAAS:In the business model using software as a

service )SaaS+, users are provided access to application software and databases.

(loud providers manage the infrastructure and platforms that run the applications.

SaaS is sometimes referred to as 6onCdemand software6 and is usually priced on a

payCperCuse basis. SaaS providers generally price applications using a subscription

fee.

2.3.2 W#= S#&;#&

The term web server, also written as $eb server, can refer to either

the hardware )the computer+ or the software )the computer application+ that helps

to deliver web content that can be accessed through the Internet.

The most common use of web servers is to host websites, but there are other

uses such as gaming, data storage, running enterprise applications,

handling email, 7T', or other web uses

2.3.2.1 OVERVIEW

The primary function of a web server is to store, process and deliver web

pages to clients. The communication between client and server takes place using

the /ypertext Transfer 'rotocol )/TT'+. 'ages delivered are most fre0uently

/TMJ documents, which may include images, style sheets and scripts in addition

to text content.

! user agent, commonly a web browser or web crawler, initiates

communication by making a re0uest for a specific resource using /TT' and the

server responds with the content of that resource or an error message if unable to

do so. The resource is typically a real file on the serverPs secondary storage, but

this is not necessarily the case and depends on how the web server is

implemented.

$hile the primary function is to serve content, a full implementation of /TT'

also includes ways of receiving content from clients. This feature is used for

submitting web forms, including uploading of files.Many generic web servers also

support serverCside scripting using !ctive Server 'ages )!S'+, '/', or other

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Business_modelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Business_modelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Business_modelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_hardwarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_hardwarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Softwarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_contenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Websitehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Websitehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Online_gamehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enterprise_softwarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enterprise_softwarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emailhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FTPhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Business_modelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_hardwarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Softwarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_contenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Websitehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Online_gamehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enterprise_softwarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emailhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FTP


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scripting languages. This means that the behaviour of the web server can be

scripted in separate files, while the actual server software remains unchanged.

=sually, this function is used to create /TMJ documents dynamically )6onCtheC

fly6+ as opposed to returning static documents. The former is primarily used for

retrieving and1or modifying information from databases. The latter is typically

much faster and more easily cached but cannot deliver dynamic content.

$eb servers are not always used for serving the $orld $ide $eb. They can also

be found embedded in devices such as printers, routers, webcams and serving only

a local network. The web server may then be used as a part of a system for

monitoring and1or administering the device in 0uestion. This usually means that

no additional software has to be installed on the client computer, since only a web

browser is re0uired )which now is included with most operating systems+.

2.3.2.2 COMMON FEATURES

• *irtual hosting to serve many web sites using one I' address

• Jarge file support to be able to serve files whose si&e is greater than 9 -8 on


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3.1.1 FEATURES

/ighCperformance, JowCpower !* :Cbit Microcontroller

IS( !rchitecture

• 4


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3.1.2 OVERVIEW

The !Tmega:;4; is a lowCpower (MOS :Cbit microcontroller based on the

!* enhanced IS( architecture. 8y executing powerful instructions in a single

clock cycle, the !Tmega:;4; achieves throughputs approaching 4 MI'S per M/&

allowing the system designer to optimi&e power consumption versus processing

speed.

3.1.3 PIN OUT OF ATMEGA >515

7ig.


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7ig.


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GND -round.

P,&+ A 9PA!? PA@: 'ort ! is an :Cbit biCdirectional I1O port with internal

pullCup resistors )selected for each bit+. The 'ort ! output buffers have

symmetrical drive characteristics with both high sink and source capability. $hen

pins '!5 to '!G are used as inputs and are externally pulled low, they will source

current if the internal pullCup resistors are activated. The 'ort ! pins are triCstated

when a reset condition becomes active, even if the clock is not running.

'ort ! also serves the functions of various special features of the !Tmega:;4;.

P,&+ B 9PB! ? PB@: 'ort 8 is an :Cbit biCdirectional I1O port with internal pullCup

resistors )selected for each bit+. The 'ort 8 output buffers have symmetrical drive

characteristics with both high sink and source capability. !s inputs, 'ort 8 pins

that are externally pulled low will source current if the pullCup resistors are

activated. The 'ort 8 pins are triCstated when a reset condition becomes active,

even if the clock is not running.

'ort 8 also serves the functions of various special features of the !Tmega:;4;

P,&+ C 9PC! ? PC@: 'ort ( is an :Cbit biCdirectional I1O port with internal pullCup

resistors )selected for each bit+. The 'ort ( output buffers have symmetrical drive

characteristics with both high sink and source capability. !s inputs, 'ort ( pins


activated. The 'ort ( pins are triCstated when a reset condition becomes active,

even if the clock is not running.

P,&+ D 9PD!..PD@: 'ort is an :Cbit biCdirectional I1O port with internal pullCup

resistors )selected for each bit+. The 'ort output buffers have symmetrical drive

characteristics with both high sink and source capability. !s inputs, 'ort pins


activated. The 'ort pins are triCstated when a reset condition becomes active,

even if the clock is not running.'ort also serves the functions of various special

features of the !Tmega:;4;.

P,&+ E 9PE2 ? PE@: 'ort " is an


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RESET eset input. ! low level on this pin for longer than the minimum pulse

length will generate a reset, even if the clock is not running. The minimum pulse

length is given in Table. Shorter pulses are not guaranteed to generate a reset.

XTAL1 Input to the inverting Oscillator amplifier and input to the internal clock

operating circuit.

XTAL2 Output from the inverting Oscillator amplifier.

3.1.6 AVR ARCHITECTURE

This section discusses the !* core architecture in general. The main function

of the ('= core is to ensure correct program execution. The ('= must therefore

be able to access memories, perform calculations, control peripherals, and handle

interrupts.

7ig.


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This section describes the different memories in the !Tmega:;4;. The !*

architecture has two main memory spaces, the ata Memory and the 'rogram

memory space. In addition, the !Tmega:;4; features an ""'OM Memory for

data storage. !ll three memory spaces are linear and regular.

IN?SYSTEM REPROGRAMMABLE FLASH PROGRAM MEMORY

The !Tmega:;4; contains : bytes OnCchip InCSystem eprogrammable

7lash memory for program storage. Since all !* instructions are 4F or


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7ig.


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3.1.> USART

The =niversal Synchronous and !synchronous serial eceiver and Transmitter

)=S!T+ is a highly flexible serial communication device. The main features are

U 7ull uplex Operation )Independent Serial eceive and Transmit egisters+

U !synchronous or Synchronous Operation

U Master or Slave (locked Synchronous Operation

U /igh esolution 8aud ate -enerator

U Supports Serial 7rames with ;, F, G, :, or H ata 8its and 4 or 9 Stop 8its

U Odd or "ven 'arity -eneration and 'arity (heck Supported by /ardware

U ata Overun etection

U 7raming "rror etection

U 3oise 7iltering Includes 7alse Start 8it etection and igital Jow 'ass 7ilter

U Three Separate Interrupts on T% (omplete, T% ata egister "mpty, and %

(ompleteU MultiCprocessor (ommunication Mode

U ouble Speed !synchronous (ommunication Mode

3.2 ENERGY METER

Single phase induction type energy meter is also popularly known as wattC

hour meter. This name is given to it. This article is only focused about its

constructional features and its working. Induction type energy meter essentially

consists of following components

4. riving system

9. Moving system


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It consists of two electromagnets, called >shunt? magnet and >series? magnet,

of laminated construction. ! coil having large number of turns of fine wire is

wound on the middle limb of the shunt magnet.

This coil is known as >pressure or voltage? coil and is connected across the supply

mains. This voltage coil has many turns and is arranged to be as highly inductive

as possible. In other words, the voltage coil produces a high ratio of inductance to

resistance.

7ig.


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The time varying )sinusoidal+ fluxes produced by shunt and series magnet

induce eddy currents in the aluminum disc.The interaction between these two

magnetic fields and eddy currents set up a driving tor0ue in the disc.The number

of rotations of the disk is therefore proportional to the energy consumed by the

load in a certain time interval and is commonly measured in kilowattChours

)wh+.

3.2.3 B&(


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7ig.


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radiation, visible to your eyes, but it also emits lots of infrared that you can only

feel in your skin.

3.3.2 IR PAIR

7ig.


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7ig.


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ow our keypad is ready! all we have to do is connect the rows and

columns to a port of microcontroller and program the controller to

read the input.

3.4.2 SCANNING A MATRIX 7EYPAD

There are many methods depending on how you connect your

keypad with your controller! but the basic logic is same. "e make the

coloums as i#p and we drive the rows making them o#p! this whole

procedure of reading the keyboard is called scanning.

In order to detect which key is pressed from the matri$! we make

row lines low one by one and read the columns. %ets say we rst make

&ow' low! then read the columns. If any of the key in row' is pressed

will make the corresponding column as low i.e. if second key is pressedin &ow'! then column( will give low. So we come to know that key ( of

&ow' is pressed. This is how scanning is done.

So to scan the keypad completely! we need to make rows low one

by one and read the columns. If any of the button is pressed in a row!

it will take the corresponding column to a low state which tells us thata key is pressed in that row. If button ' of a row is pressed then

Column ' will become low! if button ( then column( and so on...

3.4.3 INTERFACING 7EYPAD TO MICROCONTROLLER


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7ig.


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Movable !rmature

Switch point contacts

Spring

7ig.


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7ig.


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7ig.


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!s soon as the current flow stops through pins 4 and


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C"()'#?,;#& 9CO: D,=#?+"&,8 9DT: C,)+(/+$ This type of contacts are

used to control two types of circuits. They are used to control a 3O contact and

also a 3( contact with a common terminal. !ccording to their type they are called

by the names break before make and make before break contacts.

R#(0$ ( ($, )(# 8%+" #$%')(+%,)$ %


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7ig.


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The control signals are S, 1$ @ "3. S is used to select the internal

registers i.e. ata register @ command register. 1$ is used to set the mode of

J( to read mode or write mode. "3 is used as chip select and is used to push the

data internally to the corresponding registers.

To transfer the data1command in :Cbit mode, the data is written to the :Cbit

data bus after selecting the re0uired register and setting the mode to write mode.

The e signal pin is then given a high to low signal to transfer the data.

To transfer the data1command in 2Cbit mode, the higher nibble is first written

to the MS8 of the data port and the e is given a high to low signal. !fter a little

delay or when the J( is not busy, the lower nibble is transferred in the same

procedure.

3.6.1 PIN DESCRIPTION

7ig.


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Tabel.


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The M!%9


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P%)

N,F)/+%,) N(#

4

(apacitor connection pins

(apacito

r 4 Q

9 (apacito

r < Q

< (apacito

r 4 C

2 (apacito

r 9 Q

; (apacito

r 9 C

F (apacito

r 2 C

G Output pinE outputs the serially transmitted data atS9


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3.>.2 APPLICATIONS

-eneral purpose switching and amplification.

3.>.3 DESCRIPTION

3'3 transistor in a TOCH9E SOT;2 plastic package.

7ig.


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INTRODUCTION

The !* Studio 2 is an Integrated evelopment "nvironment for

debugging !* software. The !* Studio allows chip simulation and inCcircuit

emulation for the !* family of microcontrollers. The user interface is specially

designed to be easy to use and to give complete information overview. The !*

uses the same user interface for both simulation and emulation providing a fast

learning curve.

7ig.2.4!* studio $indow

GETTING STARTED

The !* Studio uses a (O7 obect file for simulation. This file is created

with through the ( compiler by selecting (O7 as the output file type. 7or more

information on creating this file, see the ( compiler documentation. Jaunch the!* St udio by either selecting it through the Start Menu or by selecting the


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program icon )if available+. "ither method will produce the I" shown below in

figure 9. Once the I" is running, select 7ile Open through either the 7ile 'ullC

down Menu or by clicking on the 7ile Open 8utton.

7ig.2.9 The !* I"

Select the desired (O7 file for simulation through the 7ile Open window.

3ote this window uses standard $indows navigation. "ither double clicking on

the file or by clicking on the file and then selecting the Open 8utton can open the

file.


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7ig.2.< 7ile Open

DEVICE SELECTION

!fter the source file has been opened, the device and debugging platform

must be specified. $hen doing simulation, select the !* Simulator option and

ensure that the proper !* target device is selected. Once the correct target !*

microcontroller and platform have been selected, click on the 7inish 8utton.


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7ig.2.2 evice and ebug platform

IDE W%),8$

The I" has several windows that provide import ant information to

the user. These windows may be opened automatically by the software or mayneed to be activated by the user. egardless of how the windows are

activated, they can be moved and resi&ed to fit the taste of the user. The main

windows of interest are the $orkspace, Source (ode, Output, and $atch

windows. These can be seen below in figure ;.


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7ig.2.; I" window

OUTPUT WINDOW

The Output window provides feedback to the user. This includes

messages about the microcontroller, obect file, etc.


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7ig.2.F Output $indow

4.2 FLOW CHARTS


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7ig.2.G J( 'rocess flow

Start and initiali&e the J(. Set the cursor position and it displays the units

and pulses values of energy meter on the J(.


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7ig.2.: -SM modem and web server 'rocess flow

!ssign T%4X4 !3 %X5 then initiali&e the modem if pulseX45 and

unitsX95.enable the -SM modem to send a message to the stored number. !s we

login into the web server with a given id and password we can able to see the

details of units, pulses and price.


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7ig.2.H eypad 'rocess flow

!ssign 'OT 8 then initiali&e the keypad. If button is pressed. It displays

enter the password on the J(. It has different loads each load has different

password if password is correct the respective load will be on.


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7ig.2.45 "nergy meter 'rocess flow

!ssign pulseX'!5, initiali&e the energy meter. if load is on it counts pulses

and units and sends the message to the mobile and web server or else it checks for

another condition.

CHAPTER 5

PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION

cloud server based smart meter reading is implemented with input and

output devices such as energy meter, ac load, I sensor, relay, keypad and

-SM1-'S.


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(I(=IT I!-!M

7ig ;.4 (ircuit diagram

The energy meter reading is interfaced with source voltage )9!T (OMM!3S?. The -SM modem is


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interfaced with serial port of '5@'4. ! serial communication is established

between -SM and microcontroller. The microcontroller send a packet data

through -SM modem using >!T(OMM!3S?.

The two loads are interfaced with microcontroller to the '!4 @ '!9 using

electromagnetic relays. $hen correct password is enter, the controller give active

high signal to relay which makes O3 the relay. /ence (OM is in continuity with

3O and JO! get O3.

CHAPTER !

RESULT ANALYSIS

cloud server based smart meter reading is implemented with input and

output devices such as energy meter, ac load, I sensor, relay, keypad and

-SM1-'S.


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7ig F.4 "nergy system kit

Two ac loads are connected to energy meter and output of energy meter are

given to I transmitter. output of I sensor )from I receiver+ is given to '!5.the

keypad is interfaced with 'OT 8. Two ac loads are connected to '!4@'!9.

-SM modem is given to =!T)45@44+'ins.

7ig F.9 System schematic $hen 'ower Supplies O3


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$hen J( isplay gets on at the Initial Stage. The Title of The 'roect

isplays On the J( it take 2 bit data from microcontroller at a time every

character send in the form of 2 bits say !X24 as per !S(II code system. here 24

means 5455 5554):bits+.initially bits are transferred i.e,5554 then MS8 follows.

when J( receives these data, the J( displays corresponding character of data

as per !S(II code.

7ig F.< System schematic "nter password

when -SM modem gets initiali&ed then it shows to enter the password on to

the J(.


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7ig F.2 System schematic "ntered password on J(

"nter the password from the 2x2 Matrix eypad 49G: which displays on the

J( screen.

7ig F.; System schematic two loads get O3


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If the entered password is correct then the two load gets on it shows on the

J( screen.

7ig F.F System schematic of units and pulse

The controller gives an active high signal to relay which makes O3 the relay.

/ence (OM is in continuity with 3O and JO! get O3 and it generates to read

the pulse.


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7ig F.G "nergy system kit when two loads O3

The power consumption is reading by energy meter. The disc of meter has

made one complete rotation. 7or every rotation of isc, the I T% getting O77

and then Ir diode giving active low )5v+ pulse to controller. !fter counting of 45

pulses )45C5v+, the -SM modem transmitting the same data to stored mobilenumber. The same data is updated in server.

7ig F.: mobile


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The messages sent by -SM modem )SIMH55+ is given to a particular mobile

number which is stored in the controller program. These messages are updated for

every completion of 45 pulses.

7ig.F.H $eb server =ser I and 'assword

The web application is based on '/' .It has two boxes where user Id @

password has to enter


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7ig.F.45 -'S logger password

If user id @ password is authenticated, then -'S logger page is opened

F.44 "nter data and time @ to date to time

"nter from date and time @ to date and time as per the user re0uired date and

time. So that user can able to get the data of particular time.


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4

7ig.F.49evice 3ame !s 'er 'rogram

"nter the device name as per the program. The device names are provided to

the database of webCserver. Then enter the -"T !T!.


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7ig.F.4< ata from starting date to end

It provides all the data from starting date to till end of the date in the web

server until we arrases in the web server.

CHAPTER?!

CONCLUSION FUTURE SCOPE

!.1 CONCLUSION

In this proect we have introduced a novel concept of monitoring the /ome"nergy consumption on Internet web device. It discusses how the existing billing


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system of power consumption is providing paper based services can be extended

to interface to the Smart Meter at /ome and provide realCtime and statistical view

of the web portal screen. The cost, energy consumption and display related

benefits of using such a system are also presented. Then the proect describes the

system and software architecture for implementing such a solution and presents

the application use cases and provides results of the implementation in form of

actual screenCshots as they are displayed on server and mobile. 7inally it outlines

the possible enhancements that can be brought in on top of the existing framework

that will make the solution simple, cost effective and green for the next generation

benefitting both consumers and utility providers.

!.2 F+ S/,#

The power consumption of domestic loads are read by energy meter and

calculated by control. It gives the total consumption of loads. 8ut this can be

develop using SM!T (!S to make it as prepaid energy meter. It can reduce

the usage of man power, paper etc..

It can implement even for water, gas consumption. I will be easier the supply of

gas to domestic, industries, commercial sectors are ust like supply of electricity.

Documents

Full Reort of Cloud Servere Energy Meter