Full Project Proposal Document For Biodiesel Production ...cnhh.hcmuaf.edu.vn/data/file/3-V-053_FULL_PROJECT_PROPOSAL... · Full Project Proposal Document For Biodiesel Production

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Full Project Proposal Document For Biodiesel Production from closed-algae growing

systems using waste water of Ethanol Plant in Viet nam

3-V-053

Version of 30 July 2011

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CONTENTS CONTENTS .................................................................................................................................... 2

List of tables .................................................................................................................................... 3

Abbreviations and acronyms ........................................................................................................... 3

Acknowledgements ......................................................................................................................... 3

BASIC PROJECT DATA SHEET ..................................................................................................... 4

SUMMARY ...................................................................................................................................... 4

1 INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................................... 5

2 BACKGROUND AND CONTEXT ............................................................................................. 5

3 DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT ......................................................................................... 7 3.1 Project rationale, principles, strategies .............................................................................. 7 3.2 Overall objectives .............................................................................................................. 8 3.3 Project purpose ................................................................................................................. 9 3.4 Outputs ............................................................................................................................. 9 3.5 Main activities.................................................................................................................. 10 3.6 Cross-cutting issues ........................................................................................................ 11

4 RISKS ANALYSIS .................................................................................................................. 12

5 IMPACT AND IMPACT ASSESSMENT .................................................................................. 12

6 SUSTAINABILITY AND SCALING UP .................................................................................... 13

7 INNOVATION, LEARNING AND DISSEMINATION ................................................................ 13

8 PROJECT RESOURCES / INPUTS ....................................................................................... 13 8.1 Human and technical resources ...................................................................................... 13 8.2 Technical resources ........................................................................................................ 15 8.3 Physical resources .......................................................................................................... 15 8.4 Budget summary and financing ....................................................................................... 15

9 PROJECT MANAGEMENT .................................................................................................... 19

10 MONITORING AND EVALUATION ..................................................................................... 19

11 SIGNING ............................................................................................................................ 19

ANNEX SET A: PROJECT DOCUMENT SUPPLEMENTARY DETAILS ....................................... 20

ANNEX A1: Logical Framework Table .......................................................................................... 20

ANNEX A2: Human resources ....................................................................................................... 23

ANNEX A3: Schedule of main activities by Output ....................................................................... 25

ANNEX A4: Full budget and financing table ................................................................................. 26

ANNEX A5: FUNDS DISBURSEMENT PLAN .............................................................................. 27

ANNEX A6: Details of the Technology or Methodology to be used ................................................. 1

ANNEX SET B: DETAILS OF THE APPLICANT AND PARTNERS ................................................. 2

ANNEX B1: The Applicant (Lead Partner) ...................................................................................... 3

ANNEX B2: The Partners Participating in the Project ..................................................................... 5



ANNEX B3: Confirmation Letter ................................................................................................... 13

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List of tables Table 1: Main risks and the mitigation measures ........................................................................... 12 Table 2: Main persons for execution of the project ........................................................................ 13 Table 3: List of personnel involved in the project ........................................................................... 13 Table 4: Summary of budget and financing ................................................................................... 15 Table 5: Budget and financing summary by outputs and main activities ....................................... 16

Abbreviations and acronyms NLU, L: Nong Lam University, Lead Applicant GFC, P1: Dong Xanh Company, Green Field Company, Partner 1 SYKE, P2: Finnish Environment Institute, Partner 2 ULB, P3: University of Brussell, Partner 3

Acknowledgements This project thanks to the EEP program for helping on the preparation process. We also thank to all the partners for their support.

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BASIC PROJECT DATA SHEET Project Title: Biodiesel Production from closed-algae growing systems using waste water of

Ethanol Plant in Vietnam

EEP Reference Code: 3-V-053

Partners and budget contributions: Partners Euro %

1 Lead Applicant (NLU) 18,000 10

2 Dong Xanh company (GFC) 34,200 19

3 Finish Environment Institute (SYKE) 9,000 5

4 Universite Libre de Bruxelles (ULB) 1,800 1

5 EEP 117,000 65

Total cost 180,000 100%

Country (ies) Technical focus Main activity focus

Vietnam Bio-fuels Pilot Project

Start date End date Duration

Project period: 9/2011 11/2012 15 months

Intended beneficiaries / target groups: No. Male No. Female Total

1 The people who use biodiesel for transport in Viet nam in

the future

Vietnamese people

2 The poor who work in the fields of algae growing or in

biodiesel processing plants (700 m2 land)

15 10 25

3 Researchers, policymakers, Cassava Ethanol plants, and

service providers in this area

Project Purpose: Building a pilot biodiesel producing system including low cost photobioreactors for

growing of microalgae using wastewater and CO2 source producing from cassava ethanol plant as well as biodiesel processing facilities for process analysis and scale-up.

Project Overall Objective:

Development a technique for producing of biodiesel from microalgae using wastewater and photobioreactor as well as to assess the cost of biodiesel and potential of using microalgae as an alternative source of vegetal oil for biodiesel.

Contact details: Organisation / company name Nong Lam University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam

Address Quarter 6, Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc District, Ho Chi Minh city, Viet nam

Contact name Truong Vinh

Title: Associate Professor

Email [email protected]

Telephone 84-08-37242527 Mobile: 0903862721

SUMMARY Continued use of petroleum sourced fuels is now widely recognized as unsustainable because of depleting

supplies and the contribution of these fuels to the accumulation of carbon dioxide in the environment.

Renewable, carbon neutral, transport fuels are necessary for environmental and economic sustainability.

Biodiesel derived from oil crops is a potential renewable and carbon neutral alternative to petroleum fuels

with available technology. Unfortunately, biodiesel from oil crops, waste cooking oil and animal fat cannot

realistically satisfy even a small fraction of the existing demand for transport fuels. Whereas, microalgae

with high productivity combined with both the less competition with feed crop and the possibility to uptake

industrial sources of CO2 has appeared to be the only renewable resources of energy that has the potential to

completely displace fossil diesel. However, the cost of biodiesel from microalgae is still high compared to

fossil diesel. Many studies on microalgae biodiesel throughout the world have been carried out to improve

mailto:[email protected]

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the technology and reduce the cost. Photobioreactor, a closed system seemed to be more attracted due to high

productivity, contamination control, and easy in light path optimisation.

This project will concern with the development of a low cost large scale tubular photobioreactor for

growing of microalgae for biodiesel production. The reactor will use wastewater with high nutrient and CO2

produced from ethanol plant for growing of algae in order to reduce operation cost. The production cost will

be reduced further by optimisation of downstream processing such as wet extraction without drying to

remove drying energy in the processing. The project will study the improvement of algae growing, oil extract

and refining, cost, and environmental issues from microalgae biodiesel.

This project aims to contribute one part to the biofuel program for the next 20 years of Vietnamese

government. A complete pilot biodiesel processing plant will be developed for evaluation of cost and quality

as well as for demonstration to the national policymakers for future biofuel plan.

1 INTRODUCTION This project concept 3-V-053 entitled “Biodiesel Production from Closed-Algae Growing Systems Using

Waste Water Of Ethanol Plant in Vietnam” has been pre-selected by the Steering Committee of EEP dated

May 24, 2011. Therefore, the purpose of this document is to develop a full project proposal based on that

project concept for a period of 15 months to be funded by EEP Mekong Program.

This project is expected to start by August 2011 and finish by November 2012. The project will start by

experiments on photobioreactor prototypes at Nong Lam University in Ho Chi Minh city and then develop to

a pilot photobioreactor occupied 500m2 land for trial on an industrial system of oil production from

microalgae. This system will be built at a Dong Xanh-cassava ethanol plant at Quang Nam Province to use

the sources of CO2 and nutrition from waste water producing from this plant. This is aimed as a way to

reduce cost of biodiesel in addition to waster water treatment. The cost of biodiesel will also be reduced by

consideration of the simple construction as well as low running cost of the photobioreactor. The biodiesel

processing system will also be built together with the pilot photobioreactor in November/December 2011.

Other experiments on extraction, refining, biodiesel testing will also be studied at laboratories and

application to the pilot system during the time of project implementation.

2 BACKGROUND AND CONTEXT

Fossil fuels are the major source of energy in the world but their combustion resulted in an increase in the

atmospheric CO2 concentration leading to global warming. If the fossil burning were substituted by biomass

burning, the global CO2 emission of 5.4 Gt/year of carbon produced could be brought down to the emission

levels of 1985 by the year 2050 (Fjerdingstad, 1971). In addition, it is expected that fossil oil fuels are to be

depleted by the years 2050. Moreover, oil price has increased from $30/barrel in 2000 to $80-100/barrel in

2008, thus imported fuels become a big problem at present. With the need to reduce carbon emissions, and

the dwindling reserves of crude oil, liquid fuels derived from plant material – biofuels – are an attractive

source of energy. Beside, in comparison with other forms of renewable energy such as wind, tidal, and solar,

liquid biofuels allow solar energy to be stored, and also to be used directly in existing engines and transport

infrastructure.

Current sources of commercial biodiesel are primarily soybean oil, rapeseed oil, palm oil, corn oil, waste

cooking oil, and animal fat, but these sources of biodiesel cannot meet even a slight fraction of present

demand for fuels (Chisti, 2007). However, a major criticism against large-scale fuel production from

agricultural crops is that it will consume a lot of farmland, native habitats and drive up food prices. For

example, satisfaction of half diesel demand for transport in 2008 using biodiesel from oilseed rape, it would

require 17.5 Mha, more than half the land area of the UK (Scott, 2010). Another example, meeting only half

the existing US transport fuel by biodiesel would require unsustainably 54% and 24% of the US cropping

land using coconut and oil palm, respectively (Chisti, 2007). This requirement would be only between 1 and

3% of the total U.S. cropping area if using algae. In terms of environment, 1MJ of energy produced during

the growing, harvest to burning, biodiesel from soybeans will produce 83 kg CO2 to the atmostphere,

whereas, using algae will absorb 183 kg CO2 from atmostphere (Thomas, 2009). With an extreme rapid

growing rate and high oil content without competion the arable land or biodiversity in biofuel production,

microalgae appear to be the only suistainable source of biodiesel that has the potential to completely displace

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17350212


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fossil diesel (Chisti, 2007). Moreover, biodiesel from algae is lead-free, almost sulfur-free, biodegradable,

and can run any modern diesel engine (Mcintyre, 2009). Growing of algae may be either by raceway ponds or photobioreactors. Raceways are perceived to be less

expensive than photobioreactors, because they cost less to build and operate. Although raceways are low-

cost, they have a low biomass productivity compared with photobioreactors because raceways are poorly

mixed and cannot sustain an optically dark zone. In addition, raceways use carbon dioxide much less

efficiently than photobioreactors due to significant water evaporative losses. Productivity of raceway is

affected by contamination with unwanted algae and microorganisms that feed on algae (Chisti, 2007).

Photobioreactors, in contrast to ponds, offer the opportunity to optimize the light path, the extent to which

the incoming light is diluted, and also the frequency of the light–dark cycle seen by an algal cell as it travels

from deep in the culture to the illuminated surface (Scott, 2010). Closed photobioreactors have attracted

much interest because they allow a better control of the cultivation conditions than open systems. With

closed photobioreactors, higher biomass productivities are obtained and contamination can be easily

prevented (Ugwu, 2008; Briassoulis, 2010). Typical configurations tested at either laboratory or pilot scale

have included vertical, flat plate reactors, annular reactors, or arrangements of plastic bags operated as

batches, and various forms of tubular reactor, either pumped mechanically or by air-lift.

The coil-type systems were made of flexible plastic and coiled around a supporting frame to form a

helical coil tubular photobioreactors (Chisti, 2007; Briassoulis, 2010). The scale up of these systems is easy.

However, building of these systems seemed to be costly because of a supporting frame. Therefore, the coil-

type systems are potentially useful for growing a small volume of microalgal broth, for example, for

inoculating the larger tubular photobioreactors (Chisti, 2007). Flat-plate systems are also developed for the

production of algae (Evens et al., 2000). Light is evenly emitted from a flat surface screen or from lamps

above the culture. Their scale up potential seems to be difficult (Briassoulis, 2010). Biomass output may be

limited by photo-inhibition and problems have been reported with temperature control (Moholkar, 2008).

Tubular systems are the most widely used commercial systems. Usually they are made of polypropylene

acrylic or polyvinylchloride pipes having small internal diameters. Mixing and agitation of the culture is

maintained by an air-pump forming bubbles. The scale up of these systems is reasonable. Tubular

photobioreactor are very suitable for outdoor mass cultures of algae since they have large illumination

surface area (Ugwu et al., 2008). However, controversy surrounds the cost of scale-up, energy consumption,

sources of CO2, with estimates of capital and production costs varying widely for different types of

photobioreactors (Scott, 2010). Only a few of these designs can be practically used for mass production of

algae (Lerh, 2009).

The main disadvantages of photobioreactors, varying however among the individual systems, concern the

relatively high space requirements, high energy requirements, with temperature control, cleaning problems

and low efficiency in terms of mass production per unit of space. Their operational difficulties may include:

growth of algae in tube walls blocking light; high oxygen concentration that can inhibit photosynthesis; limit

on the length of the tube in single run (Moholkar, 2008; Briassoulis, 2010). On the other hand, the length of

the tube can be kept as short as possible while a tubular photobioreactor is scaled up by increasing the

diameter of the tubes. In this case, the cells at the lower part of the tube will not receive enough light for cell

growth (due to light shading effect) unless there is a good mixing system (Ugwu et al., 2008). Regarding the

effect of weather on the production of algae, tropical developing countries might be potential cultivation sites

for commercial production of algal products.

There is one demand from Vietnamese government on development of biofuel for the next 10-15 years.

According to the governmental official document dated on May 27th 2008 that 50 000 ton per year of B5 fuel

containing 5% biodiesel and 100 000 ton/year of E5 fuel containing 5% ethanol are the target of Vietnamese

government by the year 2010. But upto now in 2011, according to Ministry of Industry and Trade, Vietnam

has just started to use E5 commercially without any planning of using B5 fuel. It meant that there is not

available technology selected for biodiesel production in Vietnam. Technologies for biodiesel production

from oil crops, waste cooking oil and animal fat are available but not ready for microalgae. Unfortunately,

biodiesel from oil crops, waste cooking oil and animal fat cannot realistically satisfy even a small fraction of

the existing demand for transport fuels and the cost of biodiesel from microalgae is still high compared to

fossil diesel. According to Chisti (2007), the cost of petrodiesel, palm oil and algae oil biodiesel was 0.5,

0.66 and 1.4 USD/L respectively for the case of 30% oil in algae. Therefore, the cost of algae oil biodiesel

would be equal to petroldiesel only if oil content in algae was 57%. This condition leads to the difficulty for

the policymakers to select the technology for biodiesel production in Vietnam.





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As shown in the above analysis, the biodiesel cost from microalgae should be reduced for commercial

application. It can be decreased only by an integration of the engineering with discoveries in algal biology in

order to increase the triglycerides content in algae, to reduce specific energy used in each step of processing

such as growing, harvesting, extraction, and refining.

There was a Ministry level project on biodiesel production from microalgae run by Chemical Enginnering

Department of Nong lam University Ho Chi Minh city Vietnam - lead applicant of this project - in between

the years 2008-2010. Oil content in algae has been doubled by some stress treatments, i.e., from 10% to

22% (Appendix 1). Oil extracted from Chlorella Vulgaris has been studied. Chemical composition of oil

showed that it had less than 3% of free fatty acid and more than 50% of saturation fatty acid which was

higher than saturation fatty acid of any oil crops (Appendix 2). This composition was suitable for biodiesel

production. Lab scale tubular photobioreactor of 170L/batch has been developed for growing of Chlorella

Vulgaris using solar energy resulted in cell concentration of 125x106/mL of culture with a dry matter of

0.67g/L (Appendix 3). Wet extraction method had also been tested to give an improvement of 8% of crude

oil fraction in comparison to dry extraction method (Appendix 4). Furthermore, wet extraction method

reduced energy use for biodiesel processing as no drying was required. Some trials of algae growing in

wastewater of ethanol plant of Dong Xanh Company in laboratory showed that available nutrient in

wastewater with additional nutrient produced normal algae biomass with oil content of 25% (Truong Vinh,

2010).

Beside, the group from the Finnish Environment Institute (SYKE) has experience with municipal water

waste treatment, methodology for optimizing oil content in algae and dewatering. These activities have been

carried out on a small, laboratory scale and the proposed project will enable the SYKE team to test and help

implement techniques on a larger scale.

Starting from the above results, this project will concern with the development of large scale tubular

photobioreactor for growing of microalgae for biodiesel production. Design of this industrial scale tubular

photobioreactor will focus on the following engineering targets: easy in construction and operation, simple

temperature control, moderate space requirements, enhancement of efficiency of CO2 use, avoidance of

photosynthesis inhibition, and easy in scale-up. The economical targets will be low cost of construction,

growing in wastewater to use available nutrient sources, using CO2 produced from ethanol plant. The method

of large scale harvesting will be developed. Other technologies to reduce biodiesel cost will be considered.

These include maximising the rate of production of triglycerides, reducing of energy used in downstream

processing such as wet extraction.

The project is expected to contribute to the improvement of environment as well as the demand of fuel for

transport in Viet nam in the future. The project results will also aim to create more jobs for the poor to work

in the fields or in biodiesel processing plants such as handling of algae, running of extract equipments. The

research institutions will benefit by continuous improvement of their knowledge and R & D capabilities.

Cassava Ethanol plants will get benefit from their knowledge improvement on algae biodiesel processing in

both the economical and technological point of view. In terms of economic, the managers will have the

actual data for easier making decision in the future about investment of larger systems. In terms of tecnology,

the technical peoples ethanol plant will have a chance to practice the whole actual algae biodiesel processing.

The policymakers are expected to get suitable information for their future plan of biofuel program.

3 DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT

3.1 Project rationale, principles, strategies

Biofuels are renewable resources of energy that could be sustainably supplied to replace the petroleum

reserves which are to be depleted by the years 2050. In comparison to fossil oil fuel, biofuel can represent an

environmental improvement in terms of less emissions of dangergous gases such as COx and SOx. If

microalgae are used to produce biodiesel, there is about 3-8% of solar energy can be converted to biomass

whereas observed yields for terrestrial plants are about 0.5%. These interesting properties lead to potential

productivities which are far higher than those of palm oil or sunflower. This high productivity combined with

both the less competition with feed crop and the possibility to uptake industrial sources of CO2 has motivated

studies depicting microalgae as renewable source for biodiesel.

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Vietnamese government has developed biofuel program for the next 20 years. In this program, ethanol

plants from cassava have been planned to build along the country. One of these plants- the Dong Xanh

Company- was started to produce ethanol in 2009. With the capacity of 400,000 liters of ethanol/day, it

produces 60 tons CO2/day and 4000 m3 wastewater/day. The experiments at laboratory of Chemical

Engineering and Processing Department of Nong Lam University in Ho Chi Minh city, Viet nam, found that

the algae Chlorella Vulgaris grew well in this wastewater with additional nutrition producing oil content of

25%. The BOD and COD of wastewater were reduced from 86 and 297 to 8 and 78 after growing of algae.

Low cost tubular photobioreactor of 170 litter volume has also been developed and worked well.

The group from the Finnish Environment Institute (SYKE) has experience with municipal water waste

treatment, methodology for optimizing oil content in algae and dewatering. These activities have been

carried out on a small, laboratory scale and the proposed project will enable the SYKE team to test and help

implement techniques on a larger scale.

Therefore, this project will develop an industrial scale photobioreactor for growing of microalgae using

high nutrient wastewater of ethanol plant. The system will use CO2 source produced by this ethanol plant. A

pilot plant for processing of biodiesel including harvesting, oil extracting and refining will also be built. The

project will study the improvement of algae growing, oil extract and refining, cost, and environmental issues

from microalgae biodiesel.

The SYKE team will assist and share their knowledge on growing algae in wastewater systems and how

to improve the lipid content. In practice the cooperation will depend on researcher mobility and we have

planned for one student coming to Finland to work with SYKE, learning methods of how to measure bulk

lipid concentration using Nile Red staining. This is a simple, low-cost method that the SYKE team has long

experience with. We are also planning Finnish scientist going for some period to the pilot plant, providing

help setting things up and also assisting in testing different set-up of the system. SYKE will also provide

assistance in testing the water before and after the algae growth, i.e. finding out how much nutrients and

potentially also other contaminants have been taken up by algae. This information will be further used for

analysis of the environmental benefits of the project.

The ULB team has experience on extraction and transesterification will also help the project to train the

students in these areas during the project implementation.

This project will start from building of 250 litter volume photobioreactor for experiment of optimum

growing condition including stress treatments. The system will be scaled-up to 20m3 or higher for industrial

scale photobioreactor for study of large scale growing condition. The protocol from lab scale will be applied

to this industrial system to optimise oil production. Down stream processing will also be built and tested to

evaluate the biodiesel production cost. This pilot algae biodiesel system will be used for concideration of

application to larger land in Dong Xanh company and other ethanol plants as well as demonstration to

policymakers and any related agencies.

3.2 Overall objectives

The overall objective of this project is to develop a technique for producing of biodiesel from microalgae

using waterwaste and photobioreactor as well as to assess the cost of biodiesel and potential of using

microalgae as an alternative source of vegetal oil for biodiesel. This project will build a pilot biodiesel

producing system from algae including growing, harvesting, oil processing and transesterification for

demonstration and experience for future large scale industrial biodiesel plant development from microalgae.

This project is expected to be a chance for research exchange between the scientists in biofuel area especially

between Nong Lam University and Finnish Environment Institute. This project also aims to contribute one

part to the biofuel program for the next 20 years of Vietnamese government. A complete pilot biodiesel

processing plant will help to evaluate cost and quality of biodiesel from microalgae as well as to demonstrate

to the national policymakers for future biofuel plan in Vietnam.

The specific objectives of this project are:

1. Development of a technique for producing of biodiesel from microalgae using wastewater and

photobioreactor.

2. Potential of using microalgae as an alternative source of vegetal oil for biodiesel.

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3. Study the environmental impacts of the system.

4. Training and demonstration

3.3 Project purpose This project will build a pilot biodiesel producing system from algae occupying about 700 m

2 land for

growing and processing. Main purposes are to grow microalgae in low cost photobioreactor using

wastewater and CO2 source producing from cassava ethanol plant. The processing systems including

harvesting to extraction and transesterification will also be built to complete the biodiesel producing process

for cost analysis and scale up. The treatment of stresses during the culture in microalgae and optimization of

extraction will be considerred in order to reduce the biodiesel cost. The environmental issues on growing of

algae and the use of biodiesel will be studied. The specific purposes of this project are:

1. Optimisation of a growing system using wastewater and CO2 sources produced from ethanol plant.

Designing and manufacturing of a tubular photobioreactor for microalgae growing which is simple in

construction and operation that can be scaled up to a larger system. The photobioreactor is simple in

construction to reduce the price of biodiesel. The system uses wastewater and CO2 sources produced

from ethanol plant. Wastewater contains some nutrient that reduces the chemicals supplied to the

growth of algae to reduce cost of culture. The raw CO2 from fermentation of cassava of ethanol plant

will contribute to reduction of the operation cost. Optimisation of growing includes control

temperature and pH of culture, supply and distribution of CO2, nutrition supply and avoidance of

inhibit photosynthesis. Some treatments will be applied to enhance the oil content in algae and

increase biomass productivity.

2. Development of a harvesting system in accordance with the tubular photobioreactor. An efficient

harvesting system will reduce running energy contributed to decreasing of biodiesel cost.

3. Study the environmental issues on the wastewater after growing. The water after growing of algae

may remain some chemicals which are harmful to the environment. This water may be recycled or

underwent an appropriate treatment before released into the ground.

4. Optimisation of downstream processing to reduce energy consumption. The appropriate oil

extraction, oil refining, transesterification, and development of additional co-products such as using

of glycerol in biodegradable film or the waste biomass for animal feed/fertilizer will contribute to

reduction of biodiesel production cost.

5. Determination of the performance of diesel engine using B5. This part is necessary to evaluate the

efficiency of the engine and the gas composition discharged from the engine in comparision to using

fossil diesel.

6. Evaluation of biodiesel quality and cost produced from microalgae. Composition of oil and methyl

esters will be analysed. Cost of biodiesel will also be calculated. The lack of data from real-life

demonstrations means that economic assessments are essentially hypothetical, and there is a pressing

need to conduct pilot studies at a realistic scale and under prevailing weather conditions, so as to

assess productivities likely to be achieved in practice. This information will help the national

policymakers to consider in the plan of future biofuel in Vietnam.

7. Proposal of a strategy for scaling up a growing system for large scale production. The project will

propose a growing system for larger scale production based on the existing pilot photobioreactor.

8. Dissemination of knowledge on the sustainable and renewable resources of energy and their role of

environmental improvement in replacement of fossil fuel. The project will contribute some parts of

dissemination of this information to the people via workshop, demonstration and study tours.

3.4 Outputs The outputs of this project are mainly the results from developing of the biodiesel processing system including a tubular photobioreactor for growing of microalgae, a processing plant consisted

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of the equipments for algae handling, oil extraction, transesterification. The system is planned to satisfy a growing land of 500m2. The specific outputs are listed below. 1. Development of low cost tubular photobioreactor 250L volume. This part will develop a photobioreactor with the volume of 250 litters to satisfy the low cost in construction, suitable arrangement of the tubes for high biomass productivity. 2. Optimisation of growing process of algae in 250L photobioreactor using waste water. This part will provide the information on the growing condition for maximum biomass and oil content from photobioreactor 250L. 3. Improvement of downstream processing to reduce biodiesel cost. This downstream is defined as any process after growing. A suitable handling system will save the energy. Wet extraction is considered to be less energy consumption compared to dry extraction because no drying is required. Enzymatic extraction is also be considered as high oil recovery and less chemical use. Transesterification with appropriate parameters will result a high recovery of methyl esters and energy use. 4. Development of industrial low cost photobioreactor with surface area of 500m2 for growing of microalgae. The result from 250L unit will be used to scale up to a pilot system of 80-160m2 (equivalent to 2.5 to 11m3 of culture). This pilot photobioreactor will be tested and adjusted if applicable before building a photobioreactor of 500m2 land. 5. Building of pilot biodiesel processing. A pilot biodiesel processing plant including the equipments for handling of biomass, extraction, and transesterification to produce biodiesel will be installed at the experimental site to complete the biodiesl production process. 6. Biodiesel production from 500m2 land system and its trials in engine. The photobioreactor of 500m2 land will be tested for the best growing condition in terms of high biomass and oil. The oil will be extracted and processed to obtain the biodiesel. Chemical composition of oil and physiochemical properties of methyl esters will be determined. This system will provide the facilities for measuring of the energy consumption and data of depreciation for cost analysis. 7. Environment impact of this project. This part will provide the data of the spent media of algae growing process as well as the method of treatment if applicable. The benefits from using algae-biodiesel in replacing of fossil diesel will also be commented. 8. Capacity building, workshop and demonstration. Staff knowledge in microalgae biodiesel will be improved via short training in some European institutions. The visit of the project leader and partners to the algae research centres will also help to improve the project. Workshops will be organised to report the results and exchange the information. Demonstration documents will be produced in the booklet form for dissemination to the people as well as for demonstration to the national policymakers on future biofuel plan. 9. Report writing. All the outputs will be documented for report.

3.5 Main activities Activities output 1. Development of low cost tubular photobioreactor 250L volume. This output consists of two main activities. 1.1 Design and manufacture of small scale photobioreactors (40-250L). This part will prepare the small scale photobioreactor ready for experiments. This design will focus on low cost of construction and low energy of running. 1.2 Experiments to compare biomass productivities between arrangements of tube (70-210mm size, 1-2 layers). The experiments are conducted to select the best photobioreactor in terms of high biomass productivity. Activities output 2. Optimisation of growing process of algae in 250L photobioreactor using waste water. There are three main activities of this output. 2.1 Strain selection. For the waste water, an appropriate strain should be selected to grow properly in this environment.

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2.2 Stress treatments, indoor condition. This method will be useful for enhancement of oil content in the algae. The indoor condition meant that laboratory scale of below 5 litter of culture will be conducted using artificial light source (fluorescence lamp). The best treatment method will be seleted for outdoor experiment. 2.3 Stress treatments, outdoor condition using 250L photobioreactor. The best method of treatment of indoor condition will be applied to photobioreactor 250L using sun light. The results will be analysed to decide if any nessesary experiments are continued to approach the optimum growing in waste water. Activities output 3. Improvement of downstream processing to reduce biodiesel cost. The activities for output 3 include biomass handling, extraction, transesterification, and co-products development to reduce cost of biodiesel production. However, within the domain of this project, co-products are considered as a minor part and will be conducted only some trials for cost evaluation. The main activities are biomass handling, extraction, and transesterification. 3.1 Biomass handling trials. Appropriate handling method such as harvesting, drying, will decrease energy use. Trials on sedimentation and centrifuge will be organised. 3.2 Extraction experiments. The comparison between wet, dry and enzymatic extractions will be carried out. 3.3 Transesterification experiments. The effects of reaction conditions and catalyst types will be conducted. Activities output 4. Development of industrial low cost photobioreactor with surface area of 500m2 for growing of microalgae. The photobioreactor of 250L volume will be scaled up to 2.5-11 m3 and then to 500m2 land (20-95 m3). Three activities are carried out. 4.1 Construction of pilot scale (80-160 m2 or 2.5-11m3) system. Scale up from 250L to 2.5-11m3 photobioreactor. 4.2 Experiment on pilot photobioreactor. Experiments on 2.5-11m3 photobioreactor. 4.3 Scale up to 500m2 land system. Including building of low cost photobioreactor in 500m2 land. Activities output 5. Building of pilot biodiesel processing. Two activities will be carried out. 5.1 Installation of pilot biodiesel processing plant. 5.2 Building of housing, facilities for running of biodiesel processing plant. Activities output 6. Biodiesel production from 500m2 land system and its trials in engine. The photobioreactor of 500m2 land will be tested to produce algae biomass for further processing such as extraction, transesterification in a real pilot equipments. Methyl esters will be mixed with fossil diesel to obtain B5. The performance of engine using B5 will be tested. Running of the whole process allows to have enough data for cost analysis. The main activities are listed below. 6.1 Growing experiments on 500m2 land system 6.2 Trials on oil extraction and transesterification from biomass produced from 500m2 land system. 6.3 Test of B5 run by diesel engine. 6.4 Cost analysis. Activities output 7. Environment impact of this project. This part consists of two main activities. 7.1 Treatment method on the spent media for reuse or release to environment. Some experiments on the treatment of the culture after growing will be carried out. 7.2 Evaluation on the environmental impact of biodiesel from algae. Using of biodiesel produced from microalgae is expected to contribute to the environment benefits and need to analyse. Activities output 8. Capacity building, workshops and demonstration. There are three activities in this output. 8.1 Staff (3) training. Three staff will be sent to aboard for technical training related to biodiesel. 8.2 Visiting of Vietnamese project leader and partners to biodiesel research institutes in Europe. 8.3 Workshop, demonstration materials in booklet form. Workshops will be organised together with production of demonstration materials in booklet form. Activities output 9. Report writing. Three to four reports will be carried out throughout the project.

3.6 Cross-cutting issues Environment: This project is expected to contribute one part to the biodiesel plan of the government. In comparison to fossil oil fuel, biofuel can represent an environmental improvement in terms of less

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emissions of dangergous gases such as COx and SOx.The use of biodiesel will reduce the global warming. Sustainability: Biodiesel from microalgae is a sustainable resource because it does not consume a lot of arable land as other vegetal oils such as soybean oil, rapeseed oil, palm oil, corn oil, waste cooking oil, and animal fat. Gender and social issues: The prospect of the project is to create new jobs for the poor in the field of microalgae growing and handling in the future. The awareness of the people on the environmental benefits of the use of biodiesel in replacement to fossil diesel is extremely important.

4 RISKS ANALYSIS The most important risks that the project faces are severe climatic change such as flooding, heavy rain will affect the performance of the photobioreactor. Flooding may destroy the system, therefore, the land for this system should be installed in a high land. Heavy rain lasts for a long period can also destroy the experiments. This effect leads to requirement of longer time for completion of the project. However, flooding or heavy rain will also destroy other vegetal sources such as soybean oil,

rapeseed oil, palm oil and corn oil. Pathogens in the waste water will cause diseases to destroy the algae. Pretreatment of waste water before growing should be carried out. Unstable electric power will also affect the results of algae growth. More facilities on the electric power should be provided by the company. The stress treatments on algae to enhance oil content in large scale growing situation may not efficiently as done in laboratory. Some adjustment may be applied. The summary of main risks and the mitigation measures are in the below table. Table 1: Main risks and the mitigation measures

RISK MITIGATION MEASURES

Rain or severe climatic change Limit the growing of algae in this period

Pathogens in the waste water will cause diseases to destroy the algae

Pretreatment of waste water before growing of algae if applicable

Power shut down leads to no electric during growing of algae

Company should provide more facilities to solve this problem

Efficiency of oil improvement in large scale stress treatments is not high as in small scale

Trial and error should be conducted both in lab and field

The company where this project planned to implement could not make effort to support the project due to some reason (bankrupt, policy change,…)

The experiment site may be changed to other ethanol plants in Dong Nai, Phu Tho or Quang Ngai provinces which have the same facilities as Dong Xanh company

The technical problems in operation of large scale photobioreactor (500m2 system)

One of the solution is that the system will be designed as 5 modules of 100m2 unit. The 100m2 unit will be tested at NLU before installation in field.

The B5 using algae oil works not very well for diesel engine

Trial and error should be conducted to improve the performance

5 IMPACT AND IMPACT ASSESSMENT

The expected impacts of this project are described in short and long terms concepts. The short term impact is its demonstration on the real pilot scale production of biodiesel from microalgae to the policymakers. The lack of data from real-life demonstrations means that economic assessments are essentially hypothetical, and there is a pressing need to conduct pilot studies at a realistic scale and under prevailing weather conditions, so as to assess productivities likely to be achieved in practice. This information will help the national policymakers to review in the plan of

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future biofuel in Vietnam. On the other hand, the long terms impact is the environmental benefit as analysed in section cross-cutting issues above.

6 SUSTAINABILITY AND SCALING UP

In the Ministry level project (2008-2010) carried out by Chemical Engineering Department of NLU, oil content in algae has been doubled by some stress treatments, i.e., from 10% to 22%. Oil extracted from Chlorella Vulgaris has been studied. Chemical composition of oil showed that it had less than 3% of free fatty acid and more than 50% of saturation fatty acid which was higher than saturation fatty acid of any oil crops. This composition was suitable for biodiesel production. Lab scale tubular photobioreactor of 170L/batch has been developed for growing of Chlorella Vulgaris using solar energy currently resulted in cell concentration of 125x106/mL of culture with a dry matter of 0.67g/L. The scale up of this photobioreactor to 250L/batch and then to 2.5m3/batch is expected to be realizable. The strategy for scaling up to 500m2 land system will be carried out by this project.

Viet nam government is developing a biofuel program for the year 2015 and 2025. According to Nguyen Phu Cuong (2011), there are 4 ethanol plants with the total capacity of 300,000 ton/year for producing of 6 million litter of E5 in 2011. The 9 more ethanol plants will be ready for ethanol production in 2013. Dong Xanh company where this project will be implemented is one of these ethanol plants. The success of this project is expected to be the base for scaling up to larger land within Dong Xanh Company as well as to other ethanol plants.

7 INNOVATION, LEARNING AND DISSEMINATION Innovation: This project is expected to generate some new ideas listed below: 1. New idea of photobioreactor design in terms of simple construction to reduce cost and new arrangement of tube to receive light and CO2. This new idea relates to the field of engineering in tubular photobioreactor design. 2. A combination of stress treatments to enhance oil content in algae. This area is related to the discoveries in algal biology. 3. Growing of microalgae for biodiesel in waste water and CO2 source produced from cassava ethanol plant to reduce cost. This area is related to the environment, algal biology and economical issues. Learning: The lessons learn are. 1. Running of an industrial large scale photobioreactor for growing of microalgae for biodiesel production using wastewater and CO2 source of an ethanol plant. 2. Handling of biomass of such system. 3. Biodiesel cost of a real pilot system under a certain technology. 4. Environmental issues of such system. 5. Technologies needed to improve. Dissemination: Some parts of dissemination activities will be carried out during the project time. However, the main dissemination and technology transfer may be implemented after completion of this project. Another project may be developed for this mission.

8 PROJECT RESOURCES / INPUTS

8.1 Human and technical resources The main persons to execute this project are listed in below Table:

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Table 2: Main persons for execution of the project

No Name Organization Qualification

1 Truong Vinh Nong Lam University Ho Chi Minh city, Viet nam

Head of Chemical Engineering Department

2 Luu Quang Thai Dong Xanh Company Manager

3 Kristian Spilling Finnish Environment Institute Environment scientist, Algae Expert

4 Frédéric Debaste Université Libre de Bruxelles Chemical Engineer

5 Tran Thi Da Thao Nong Lam University Ho Chi Minh city, Viet nam

Plant Science

Table 3: List of personnel involved in the project

1. Nong Lam University (NLU)

No. Name Qualification/ function

1 Trinh Truong Giang Authorized person/ Rector of NLU

2 Truong Vinh CheEng / Team leader

3 Nguyen Bao Viet CheEng/ Research Assistant

4 Diep Thanh Tung CheEng/ Research Assistant

5 Vu Ngoc Ha Vi CheEng/ Research Assistant

6 Dao Ngoc Duy CheEng/ Research Assistant

7 Bui Huu Tai CheEng/ Research Assistant

8 Nguyen Thi Minh Hieu Secretary

9 Tran Thi Da Thao Pl.Sc/ Research Assistant

10 Nguyen Phu Hoa Aqua.Sc/ Research Assistant

11 Tran Manh Qui MeEng/ Research Assistant

12 Pham Duy Lam MeEng/Research Assistant

13 Ho Thi Kim Hoa CheEng /Assistant

14 Nguyen Thanh Hieu CheEng /Assistant

15 Pham Quang Khai CheEng /Assistant

16 Le Minh Thuan CheEng /Assistant

17 Bui Vinh Phuc CheEng /Assistant

18 Do Xuan Dinh CheEng /Assistant

19 Le Nguyen Hoang Bao Long CheEng /Assistant

20 Hoang Quang Tuan CheEng /Assistant

*Notes

CheEng : Chemical Engineering

Pl.Sc: Plant Science

Aqua.Sc: Aquaculture Science

MeEng: Mechanical Engineering

2. Green Field Joint Stock company (Dong Xanh Company)


1 Nguyen Van Hoa Authorized person

2 Luu Quang Thai Research Assistant

3. Finnish Environment Institute (SYKE)


1 Mari Walls Director of the Marine Research center

2 Kristian Spilling Envi.Sc/ Researcher, Algae Expert

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4. Universite Libre de Bruxelles (ULB)


1 Didier Viviers Rector of ULB

2 Frédéric Debaste CheEng / Researcher

Notes

CheEng : Chemical Engineering Envi.Sc: Environment scientist

See ANNEX 2 for details of human resources by output

8.2 Technical resources Growing of algae has been carried out at NLU from 2008-2010 for biodiesel production study. The algae study for biodiesel is also implementing by SYKE currently. Growing in waste water of algae has been tried at NLU showing good results. The stress treatment method for enhancement of oil content in algae has been studied in the laboratory condition at NLU. The photobioreactor has been designed and run by Chemical Engineering Department of NLU (2008-2010).

8.3 Physical resources The photobioreactor for growing of outdoor condition with a volume of 170 litters is available at NLU. Other instruments for monitoring of sun light, culture properties, extraction of oil, transesterification trials at lab scale are available at NLU. The wastewater and CO2 resources are available at Dong Xanh company - the ethanol plant. The project needs to buy a Fluorescence Spectrophotometer for determination of oil content of the individual algae cell. We haven’t got this equipment at NLU. This instrument is very important in selection process of the best algae in terms of high oil content especially in wastewater condition. Manufacture of large scale photobioreactor is required in this project. The testing engine for trial of B5 is also needed to buy. The processing plant including biomass handling, extraction, transesterification equipments for a growing land of 500m2 will be installed by the Dong Xanh company.

8.4 Budget summary and financing The project cost and financing are summary below: Total grant is 180,000,000 Euros where 117,000,000 Euros funded from EEP Mekong and the rest 63,000 Euros is the contribution of the partners. In the budget funded from EEP Mekong, the expenses will be 9,000 Euros for consultancy, 21,600 Euros for materials, 28,800Euros for training and workshop, 21,600 for admin and support and 36,000 Euros for equipments. The financial supports from the partners are for consultancies of 27,000 Euros (9,000Euros from NLU, 7,200Euros from Dong Xanh company, 9,000Euros from SYKE and 1,800Euros from ULB); for equipments of 36,000Euros (9,000Euros from NLU and 27,000Euros from Dong Xanh company). Table 4 and Table 5 show the summary of budget and financing.

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Table 4: Summary of budget and financing

TOTAL PROJECT COST AND FINANCING (Euros)

Items description EEP Partners Notes

Equipment Photobioreactor 40L 1000

Photobioreactor 250L 1200

Instrumentation (Fluorescence Spectrophotometer) 21000

Equipment (Cool storage) 1000

Photobioreactor 2.5-11m3 1800

Photobioreactor 500m2 5000

Testing engine 2700

Flue gas meter 2300

Photobioreactor 170L 500 NLU

Equipment, instrumentation 9000

Oil press 5000 Dong Xanh Company Extractor 4200

Degummer 7000

Biodiesel Reactor 7000

Centrifuge 3200

Dryer 600

Total of equipments 36000 36500

Area Land, CO2 support system 4000 All the partners

contribution including

labors, time,

available facilities

Materials Materials 14400 1600

Transport Transport, information, report 15400 4900

Training staff, visiting of leader 22600 1400

Workshop Workshop, materials in booklet form

10800 2000

Report Report writing, materials, communication

4200 3000

Support Labour, others, repair 10700 9600

Audit cost 3000

Total 117000 63000

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Table 5: Budget and financing summary by outputs and main activities

Note #1: All amounts must be in Euros.Note #2: The “Full Table for the Budget and Financing” is given in Annex A4. Description: Unit type No. of

units Unit rate (Euro)

Cost / Revenue (Euro)

FINANCING

EEP (Euro)

Applicant and Partners (Euro)

Other sources (Euro)

Total (Euro)

OUTPUT 1:

Design and manufacture of small scale photobioreactors (40-250L)

equipment 2700 2700 2200 500 2700

Experiments to compare biomass productivities between arrangements of tube (70-210mm size, 1-2 layers)

3600 3600 2400 1200 3600

Total for Output 1: 6300 4600 1700 6300

OUTPUT 2:

Strain selection 26100 26100 25200 900 26100

Stress treatments, indoor condition

14900 14900 4700 10200 14900

Stress treatments, outdoor condition using 250L photobioreactor

3600 3600 2700 900 3600

Total for Output 2: 44600 32600 12000 44600

OUTPUT 3:

Biomass handling trials 2600 2600 2100 500 2600

Extraction experiments 5100 5100 4100 1000 5100

Transesterification experiments 2450 2450 1750 700 2450

Total for Output 3: 10150 7950 2200 10150

OUTPUT 4:

Construction of pilot scale (80-160 m2 or 2.5-11m3) system

2800 2800 1800 1000 2800

Experiment on pilot photobioreactor

6500 6500 5600 900 6500

Scale up to 500m2 land system 8000 8000 5000 3000 8000

Total for Output 4: 17300 12400 4900 17300

OUTPUT 5:

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Installation of pilot biodiesel processing plant

equipment 27000 27000 27000 27000

Buliding of housing, facilities for running of biodiesel processing plant (not including in the project budget)

Total for Output 5: 27000 27000 27000

OUTPUT 6:

Growing experiments on 500m2 land system

7500 7500 5100 2400 7500

Trials on oil extraction and transesterification from biomass produced from 500m2 land

3400 3400 1900 1500 3400

Test of B5 run by diesel engine 8100 8100 7000 1100 8100

Cost analysis 1100 1100 700 400 1100

Total for Output 6: 20100 14700 5400 20100

OUTPUT 7:

Treatment method on the spent media for reuse or release to environment

5650 5650 3450 2200 5650

Evaluation on the environmental impact of biodiesel from algae

1900 1900 700 1200 1900

Total for Output 7: 7550 4150 3400 7550

OUTPUT 8:

Staff (3) training 17000 17000 15600 1400 17000

Visiting of Vietnamese project leader and partners to biodiesel research institutes in Europe

7000 7000 7000 7000

Workshop, Demonstration materials in booklet form

12800 12800 10800 2000 12800

Total for Output 8: 36800 33400 3400 36800

OUTPUT 9:

Report writing 7200 7200 4200 3000 7200

Total for Output 9: 7200 4200 3000 7200

Audit cost 3000 3000

Grand Total for Project: 117000 63000 180000

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9 PROJECT MANAGEMENT

This project will be implemented through the project leader in Nong Lam University. The project leader will coordinate the various collaborators of this project in Vietnam. He will also be responsible to manage the team and appoint the required personnel in the project. The training and research component will also be supervised directly by the project leader in conjunction with other collaborators. The project leader will be in direct touch with the Dong Xanh company and Finnish Environment Institute (SYKE). The project leader and collaborators from the Dong Xanh company and SYKE will supervise the staff members visiting Europe for the training or research. The laboratory facilities of NLU and equipments purchased by Dong Xanh company will be used for some parts of related activities of the project. The photobioreactors will be designed and manufactured by NLU and installed at NLU for small scale units and at Dong Xanh Company for large scale units. Dong Xanh company will be in charge of providing land, housing, CO2, waste water and other facilities for growing experiments. They will also purchase the equipments for handling of biomass, extraction and transesterification under the supervision of NLU.

10 MONITORING AND EVALUATION

The project leader in Nong Lam University and collaborators from the Dong Xanh company and SYKE will monitor and provide advice and necessary assistance for the project. One of the collaborators from SYKE will visit the experimental site in every six month during the duration of the project and monitor and provide necessary input. The coordinators from SYKE and Dong Xanh company will also assist in reporting the progress.

Brief information on the progress will be reported every month to Chief Technical Adviser. The activities will be reported every four months to the team of EEP Mekong follows the Schedule of main activities by Output attached to this project.

11 SIGNING

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ANNEX SET A: PROJECT DOCUMENT SUPPLEMENTARY DETAILS

ANNEX A1: Logical Framework Table Project Description Indicators Sources of Verification Important risks

(or assumptions)

OVERALL OBJECTIVE:

Development of a technique for biodiesel production from microalgae growing in photobioreactor using wastewater and CO2 of ethanol plant and assessment the cost of biodiesel and potential of using microalgae as an alternative source of vegetal oil for biodiesel

Production of biodiesel from a real pilot-scale algae system without competition with arable land and biodiversity.

Characteristics of methyl esters produced from this system are met the standards of biodiesel.

Performance of the engine using this biodiesel is similar to other vegetal oils.

Demonstration documents are produced

Not available of waste water and CO2 for experiments.

Characteristics of waste water change significantly due to source of cassava or unstable operation of the ethanol plant.

PURPOSE:

This project will build a pilot biodiesel producing system from algae occupying about 700 m

2 land for growing and

processing. Main purposes are to grow microalgae in low cost photobioreactor using wastewater and CO2 source producing from cassava ethanol plant. The processing systems including harvesting to extraction and transesterification will also be built to complete the biodiesel producing process for cost analysis and scale up.

The 500m2 land low cost tubular

photobioreactor for microalgae growing is ready.

The biodiesel processing plant in equivalent to 500m

2 land growing

system is ready.

Optimisation of the growing conditions of this photobioreactor is identified.

The reduction of cost of biodiesel production from using available nutrients and CO2 of ethanol plant as well as downstream optimisation is identified.

Experimental results of algae growing in photobioreactor.

Running trials on biodiesel processing.

Experimental results show biomass and oil productivity at an appropriate level produced from photobioreactor.

Contribution of nutrients, CO2 to the cost of biodiesel. Contribution improved processing and co-products to the cost of biodiesel.

The lack of land use

Rain or severe climatic change

Pathogens in the waste water will cause disease to destroy the algae

Efficiency of oil improvement and biomass productivity in large scale operation.

Power shut down leads to no electric during growing of algae

OUTPUTS:

1. Development of low cost tubular photobioreactor 250L

The arrangement with maximum biomass productivity is identified

Documents and experimental results

Rain, climatic change, no power

2. Optimisation of growing process of algae in 250L photobioreactor using waste water

Selection of best strain for waste water, identification of condition for maximum biomass and oil content

Selection of fast growing and high oil content

Growing condition shows highest biomass and oil content

Rain, pathogens in waste water and power shut down during experiments

3. Improvement of downstream processing to reduce biodiesel cost

Identification of processes with less energy use and high recovery

Experimental results, product samples

4. Development of industrial low cost The pilot scale (80-160m2) is tested and The performance of pilot scale Rain, pathogens in waste water

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photobioreactor with surface area of 500m

2 for growing of microalgae

scaled up to 500m2 system system is stable

Strategy of scaling up is reasonable

and power shut down during experiments

Not enough land for installation as planned

5. Building of pilot biodiesel processing The equipments for biodiesel processing and housing are ready

Documents The change of policy of the company who plans to invest the equipments due to equipments prices increased or other reasons

6. Biodiesel production from 500m2 land

system and its trials in engine Identification of best condition for

producing of high biomass and oil

Properties of biodiesel and its use in engine are acceptable

Enough data for cost analysis

Biomass productivity and oil content are documented.

Chemical composition of oil shows high fraction of saturated fatty acids

Properties of biodiesel are met the standard

Rain, severe climatic change, power shut down during running

Efficiency of growing and chemical composition of oil in large scale is not same as in small scale condition

7. Environment impact of this project Identification of appropriate treatments on spent media and benefits of algae-biodiesel compared to fossil diesel

Documents

8. Capacity building (visiting of project leaders, training of 3 staff), dissemination (training of 40 participants), workshop (60 participants) and demonstration

Staff knowledge in algae biodiesel processing improved

Workshop organised

Demonstration documents produced

Contribution of staff to the project is more efficient

Workshop and demonstration materials are actually completed

9. Report writing Report produced Report submitted

MAIN ACTIVITIES:

1.1 Design and manufacture of small scale photobioreactors (40-250L)

The small scale photobioreactors are ready for experiment

Documents

1.2 Experiments to compare biomass productivities between arrangements of tube (70-210mm size, 1-2 layers)

Comparison between the tube size and arrangement of photobioreactor systems

Experimental results show the best tube size and arrangement

Rain and severe climatic change

2.1 Strain selection Best strain selection for waste water Fast growing and high oil content 2.2 Stress treatments, indoor condition Maximum biomass and oil content Experimental results Pathogens in waste water

2.3 Stress treatments, outdoor condition using 250L photobioreactor

Maximum biomass and oil content in 250L photobioreactor are identified

Experiments show the optimum growing condition

Rain, pathogens in waste water

3.1 Biomass handling trials Appropriate handling method Experimental results

3.2 Extraction experiments Best extraction in terms of less energy, high oil recovery is identified

Experimental results, oil product samples

3.3 Transesterification experiments Best transesterification is identified Experimental results, biodiesel

4.1 Construction of pilot scale (80-160 m2 or The pilot scale photobioreactors and Documents

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2.5-11m3) system harvesters are ready for experiments

4.2 Experiment on pilot photobioreactor Identification of best condition for producing of high biomass and oil

Experimental results Rain, climatic change, power shut down during running

4.3 Scale up to 500m2 land system The 500m

2 land system is ready for

experiments Documents Not enough land for installation as

planned

5.1 Installation of pilot biodiesel processing plant

The equipments for processing of biomass, extraction, biodiesel are ready for trials.

Documents The change of policy of the company who plans to invest the equipments due to bankrupt or other reasons

5.2 Building of housing, facilities for running of biodiesel processing plant

Housing and other facilities are ready for use

Documents As above

6.1 Growing experiments on 500m2 land

system Identification of best condition for

producing of high biomass and oil Experimental results Rain, climatic change, power shut

down during running

Efficiency of oil improvement using stress treatments is not high in large scale growing system

6.2 Trials on oil extraction and transesterification from biomass produced from 500m

2 land system

Appropriate chemical composition and physical properties of oil and biodiesel are identified.

Chemical composition of oil shows high fraction of saturated fatty acids

Properties of biodiesel are met the standard

Chemical composition of oil in large scale is not same as in laboratory growing

6.3 Test of B5 run by diesel engine Performance of engine using B5 is identified

Experimental results

6.4 Cost analysis Energy use of each process is identified Documents Fail to run the trials on pilot extraction and transesterification

7.1 Treatment method on the spent media for reuse or release to environment

Appropriate treatment method is identified

Experimental results

7.2 Evaluation on the environmental impact of biodiesel from algae

Benefits from using of algae biodiesel to replace fossil diesel is identified

Documents

8.1 Staff training Staff knowledge in algae biodiesel processing improved

Their contribution to the project is more efficient

Staff have other commitment

8.2 Visiting of Vietnamese project leader and partners to biodiesel research institutes in Europe

Staff knowledge in algae biodiesel processing improved

Research exchange

Visit report submitted

8.3 Workshop, Demonstration materials in booklet form

Workshop organised, production of demonstration materials

Workshop and demonstration materials are actually completed

9.1 Report writing Report produced Report submitted

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ANNEX A2: Human resources Main activities under each output No. of persons/Collaborators Qualification Function and Responsibility

Output 1: 8 staff of NLU and a company

1.1 Design and manufacture of small scale photobioreactors (40-250L)

3 staff of NLU and a manufacturing company

Chemical and mechanical engineering

Design, drawing, manufacture

1.2 Experiments to compare biomass productivities between arrangements of tube (70-210mm size, 1-2 layers)

5 staff of NLU

Chemical engineering and Plant science

Running of the photobioreactor, handling of biomass

Culture preparation Output 2: 10 staff of NLU + 1 staff of SYKE

2.1 Strain selection 2 staff of NLU Plant science and Aquaculture Isolation of the strain for wastewater

2.2 Stress treatments, indoor condition 3 staff of NLU + 1 staff of SYKE Plant science, Chemical engineering, Environment

Indoor growing with treatments, oil extraction, wastewater analysis

2.3 Stress treatments, outdoor condition using 250L photobioreactor

5 staff of NLU+ 1 staff of SYKE Chemical engineering, Environment and Plant science

Outdoor growing with treatments, biomass handling, oil extraction

Output 3: 7 staff of NLU + 1 staff of ULB

3.1 Biomass handling trials 3 staff of NLU Chemical engineering Algae harvesting design and trials 3.2 Extraction experiments 2 staff of NLU + 1 staff of ULB Chemical engineering Extraction study

3.3 Transesterification experiments 2 staff of NLU Chemical engineering Transesterification study Output 4: 11 staff of NLU, 3 staff of Dong Xanh

company and a manufacturing company + 1 staff of SYKE

4.1 Construction of pilot scale (80-160 m2 or

2.5-11m3) system

3 staff of NLU, 2 staff of Dong Xanh company and a manufacturing company


Design, scale up, manufacture and

4.2 Experiment on pilot photobioreactor 5 staff of NLU + 3 staff of Dong Xanh company + 1 staff of SYKE

Chemical engineering, Environment and Plant science

Running of the photobioreactor, handling of biomass, waste

Culture preparation 4.3 Scale up to 500m

2 land system 3 staff of NLU Chemical engineering Design, drawing

Output 5: 4 staff of NLU + Dong Xanh company + construction/mechanical company

5.1 Installation of pilot biodiesel processing plant

3 staff of NLU + 2 staff of Dong Xanh company + mechanical company


Consultancy, purchase, construction

5.2 Building of housing, facilities for running of biodiesel processing plant

1 staff of NLU + Dong Xanh company + construction company

Consultancy, construction

Output 6: 16 staff of NLU + 6 staff of Dong Xanh company + 2 staff of SYKE

6.1 Growing experiments on 500m2 land 6 staff of NLU + 3 staff of Dong Xanh Chemical engineering, Running of the photobioreactor,

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system company + 1 staff of SYKE Environment and Plant science

handling of biomass, waste

Culture preparation

6.2 Trials on oil extraction and transesterification from biomass produced from 500m

2 land system

4 staff of NLU + 4 staff of Dong Xanh company

Chemical engineering Trials on pilot scale extraction and transesterification

6.3 Test of B5 run by diesel engine 4 staff of NLU Chemical engineering Trials on engine using B5

6.4 Cost analysis 2 staff of NLU + 1 staff of Dong Xanh company + 1 staff of SYKE

Analysis and calculation of cost

Output 7: 3 staff of SYKE + 2 staff of NLU + 1 staff of Dong Xanh

7.1 Treatment method on the spent media for reuse or release to environment

2 staff of SYKE + 3 staff of NLU + 2 staff of Dong Xanh

Environment, Chemical engineering, and Plant science

Waste study, waste treatment, growing, supply waste

7.2 Evaluation on the environmental impact of biodiesel from algae

1 staff of SYKE + 1 staff of NLU + 1 staff of Dong Xanh

Environment, Chemical engineering

Analysis of environmental impact

Output 8: 11 staff of NLU + 6 staff of Dong Xanh + 2 staff of SYKE + 1 staff of ULB

8.1 Staff (3) training 2 staff of NLU + 1 staff of Dong Xanh

Algae biodiesel technology, environment

Trainee

8.2 Visiting of Vietnamese project leader and partners to biodiesel research institutes in Europe

3 staff of NLU + 2 staff of Dong Xanh Leader, manager Visiting

8.3 Workshop, Demonstration materials in booklet form

6 staff of NLU + 3 staff of Dong Xanh + 2 staff of SYKE + 1 staff of ULB

Algae biodiesel technology, environment

Demonstration, research exchange

Output 9:

9.1 Report writing 4 staff of NLU + 1 staff of Dong Xanh + 1 staff of SYKE + 1 staff of ULB

Report and submission

25

ANNEX A3: Schedule of main activities by Output

Activities under each Output Name of Responsible Partner

2011 2012

S O N D J F M A M J J A S O N D

Output 1: Development of low cost tubular photobioreactor 250L

Activity 1.1 Design & manufacture of small scale photobioreactors (40-250L) NLU

Activity 1.2 Experiments to compare biomass productivities between arrangements of tube (70-210mm size, 1-2 layers)

NLU

Output 2: Optimisation of growing process of algae in 250L photobioreactor using waste water

Activity 2.1 Strain selection NLU

Activity 2.2 Stress treatments, indoor condition NLU, SYKE

Activity 2.3 Stress treatments, outdoor condition using 250L photobioreactor NLU, SYKE

Output 3: Improvement of downstream processing to reduce biodiesel cost

Activity 3.1 Biomass handling trials NLU

Activity 3.2 Extraction experiments NLU + ULB

Activity 3.3 Transesterification experiments NLU

Output 4: Development of industrial low cost photobioreactor with surface area of 500m2 for growing of microalgae

Activity 4.1 Construction of pilot scale (80-160 m2 or 2.5-11m

3) system NLU, P1

Activity 4.2 Experiment on pilot photobioreactor NLU, P1, SYKE

Activity 4.3 Scale up to 500m2 land system NLU

Output 5: Building of pilot biodiesel processing

Activity 5.1 Installation of pilot biodiesel processing plant NLU, P1

Activity 5.2 Building of housing, facilities for running of biodiesel plant NLU, P1

Output 6: Biodiesel production from 500m2 land system and its trials in engine

Activity 6.1 Growing experiments on 500m2 land system NLU, P1, SYKE

Activity 6.2 Trials on oil extraction and transesterification from biomass produced from 500m

2 land system

NLU, P1

Activity 6.3 Test of B5 run by diesel engine NLU

Activity 6.4 Cost analysis NLU, P1, SYKE

Output 7: Environment impact of this project

Activity 7.1 Treatment method on the spent media for reuse or release to environment

SYKE, NLU, P1

Activity 7.2 Evaluation on the environmental impact of biodiesel from algae SYKE, NLU, P1

Output 8: Capacity building, workshop and demonstration

Activity 8.1 Staff training NLU, P1

Activity 8.2 Visiting of Vietnamese project leader and partners to biodiesel research institutes in Europe

NLU, P1

Activity 8.3 Workshop, Demonstration materials in booklet form NLU, P1, SYKE, ULB

Output 9: Report writing

Activity 9.1 Report writing NLU, P1, SYKE, ULB

26

ANNEX A4: Full budget and financing table (See ANNEX A4 _ Excel file attached) Note: All amounts must be in Euros Description: Responsible

Partner Unit type No. of

units Unit rate (Euro)

Cost / Revenue (Euro)

FINANCING

EEP (Euro) Applicant and Partners (Euro)

Other sources (Euro)

Total (Euro)

OUTPUT 1:

Main Activity 1::

Expenditure type 1

Expenditure type 2 etc

Sub- total for main activity 1:

Main Activity 2::

Expenditure type 1



Total for Output 1:

OUTPUT 2:

Main Activity 1::

Expenditure type 1



Main Activity 2::

Expenditure type 1


Sub -total for main activity 2:

Total for Output 2:

OUTPUT 3:

Etc

Grand total for project:

27

ANNEX A5: FUNDS DISBURSEMENT PLAN

Prepare a plan for the months when the financial liquidations will be presented. EEP normally works with a 40% disbursement in advance when the

contract is signed, a second and third disbursements of 20% each to be paid in arrear, and the fourth and final disbursement of 20% against the

presentation of the Final Installment Documents: a written payment request ; final Quarterly Progress Report for the final quarter of the Project, with the

form and content prescribed by the RCU; final Quarterly Financial Report and supporting documentation for the final quarter of the project, with the form

and content prescribed by the RCU; Project Completion Report for the whole Project, with the form and content prescribed by the RCU ; Final Project

Financial Report and supporting documentation for the whole project, with the form and content prescribed by the RCU; and statement of an external

professional auditor confirming that the Grant has been used in accordance with this Contract.

2010 2011 2012

4Q Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

O N D J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O N D

First Disbursement x

Second Disbursement x

Third Disbursement x

Presentation of the Final Report and Financial Settlement.

x

*Please mark with X the appropriate month when funds are disbursed/settled. In addition, provide as note the estimated completion for each Output at the time of the 2nd and 3rd installments as follows: NOTE:

1. Second installment: a. Output 1: 95% completed; b. Output 2: 70% completed c. Output 3: 75% completed d. Output 4: 50% completed e. Output 5: 50% completed f. Output 6: 30% completed g. Output 7: 70% completed h. Output 8: 60% completed

28

i. Output 9: 35% completed.

2. Third installment: a. Output 1: 100% completed b. Output 2: 95% completed c. Output 3: 90% completed d. Output 4: 85% completed e. Output 5: 90% completed f. Output 6: 50% completed g. Output 7: 80% completed h. Output 8: 80% completed i. Output 9: 50% completed.

3. Fourth and final installment: All Outputs are 100% completed.

Page 1

ANNEX A6: Details of the Technology or Methodology to be used (Optional Annex for use if appropriate) The project will consist of four main objectives.

1. Development of a technique for producing of biodiesel from microalgae using waterwaste and

photobioreactor. First, development of low cost tubular photobioreactor 250L volume with an

appropriate tube size and arrangement. This tubular photobioreactor is simple in construction and

operation that can be scaled up to a larger system. The simple construction will reduce the price of

photobioreactor. The satisfaction of scaling up will allow the system to be used in industry. Different

tube size (70-210mm) and tube arrangement pattern will be compared to select the best one. The

system uses wastewater and CO2 sources produced from ethanol plant. Wastewater contains some

nutrients that reduce the chemicals supplied to the growth of algae, i.e, leading to reduction cost of

culture. The raw CO2 from fermentation of cassava can be used directly without any refining step to

reduce the operation cost. Optimisation of growing includes control temperature and pH of culture,

supply and distribution of CO2, nutrition supply and avoidance of inhibit photosynthesis. The strain

selected will be underwent some stress treatments to enhance the oil content in algae and increase

biomass productivity. The stress treatments firtsly be conducted indoor at 5L volume then the best

will be applied in an 250L volume ourdoor condition. An efficient harvesting system will also

developed to reduce running energy contributed to decreasing of biodiesel cost. Three extraction

methods,i.e., wet, dry and enzymatic extraction will be compared. Wet extraction is considered to

remove the drying step leading to reduction of energy. Transesterification will be conducted to study

the effect of time, temperature, methanol fraction and catalyst type to optimise the reaction in terms

of high biodiesel recovery.

2. Potential of using microalgae as an alternative source of vegetal oil for biodiesel.

2.1 Optimisation of growing. The resulst from photobioreactor 250L volume will be applied to a pilot

scale photobioreactor of 80-160m2 land (in equivalent to photobioreactor of 2.5-11m

3 volume varied

with tube size). The performance of pilot photobioreactor will be tested repeatly and adjusted

considerably before scaling up to 500m2 land system. Growing experiments on 500m

2

photobioreactor will be conducted to identify the best condition for producing of biomass. Appropriate chemical composition and physical properties of oil and biodiesel are identified.

2.2 Optimisation of downstream processing. Building of a processing plant for 500m2 land

photobioreactor including facilities for biomass handling, extraction, transesterification will be

implemented. The appropriate oil extraction, oil refining, and transesterification will reduce energy

consumption. Energy and chemical used by each step will be determined for cost analysis. The

appropriate chemical composition and physical properties of oil and biodiesel will be determined.

And development of additional co-products such as using of glycerol in biodegradable film or the

waste biomass for animal feed/fertilizer will contribute to reduction of biodiesel production cost.

Some trials on co-products will be conducted for evaluation of cost issues. Determination of the

performance of diesel engine using B5 is necessary to evaluate the efficiency of the engine and the

gas composition discharged from the engine in comparision to using fossil diesel. Potential of using

microalgae as an alternative source of vegetal oil for biodiesel will be assessed.

3. Study the environmental impacts of the system. Study the environmental issues on the wastewater

after growing. The water after growing of algae may remain some chemicals which are harmful to the

environment. This water may be recycled or underwent an appropriate treatment before release into

the ground. The role of sustainable and renewable resources of energy in environmental improvement

will be analysed.

4. Capacity building and demonstration. Three staff will be sent to European institutes to improve their

knowledge of bioprocessing from microalgae. The visiting of the project leader and partners to the

algae growing places and biodiesel research institutes in Europe will also be organised.

Page 2

ANNEX SET B: DETAILS OF THE APPLICANT AND PARTNERS

Applicant and partners Name of Organization Name of Authorised Person

Applicant Nong Lam University-Ho Chi Minh city (NLU)

Trinh Truong Giang

Partner 1 Green Field Joint stock Company (Dong Xanh Company)

Nguyen van Hoa

Partner 2 Finnish Environment Institute (SYKE) Mari Walls Partner 3 Universite Libre de Bruxelles (ULB) Didier Viviers

Page 3

ANNEX B1: The Applicant (Lead Partner) No Information required Details to be completed

1 Full legal name of Applicant Nong Lam University-Ho Chi Minh city (NLU)

2 Registration number or equivalent 118/2000/QD-TTg

3 Date of Registration 10/10/2000 for current University name; 1955 for the original University name

4 Place of Registration Vietnam

5 Status (e.g. commercial business, not-for profit, government, etc)

Government University

6 Country of Registration / Nationality Vietnam

7 Business address Quater 6, Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc District, Ho Chi Minh city

8 Contact person name Truong Vinh

9 Telephone number 84-08-37242527

10 Fax number 84-08-38960713 and 84-08-37245030

11 E-mail address [email protected]

12 Website of the organisation http://hcmuaf.edu.vn

13 Scope and nature of business Government University

14 Years in operation 11 years for current University name; 56 years for the original University name

15 Number of employees 887

16 History of cooperation with the Partners

Conducted some trials on microalgae growing in waste-water produced from Ethanol Plant of Dong Xanh company in 2009, visited this company in 2009 and 2011.

17 Role and involvement in preparing the proposed Project

Discussion with partners, collecting the information from partners and writing the proposal.

18 Main implementing roles in the proposed Project

Algae culture, algae harvesting and extraction, transesterification, photobioreactor design, equipment design, organization of training and workshop

19. Experience of projects or actions similar to the role in the implementation of the proposed Project No. Name of project Type of project Location

01 Biodiesel from microalgae of Vietnam Academic NLU, Vietnam

02 Design and experiment of low cost photobioreactor for growing of microalgae

Pre-feasibility Study NLU, Vietnam

03 Enhancement of oil content in microalgae using stress treatment

Academic NLU, Vietnam

04 Harvesting of microalgae using centrifuge, membrane and flocculation

Academic and Pre-feasibility Study

NLU, Vietnam

05 Comparison of dry and wet methods in extraction of oil from microalgae

Academic NLU, Vietnam

20. Financial Information

Fill the appropriate table: a) if private business, private research and government/state-owned enterprise; b) if private university; and c) if government agencies, public research firms, NGOs and charitable organisations. a) Private business, private research and government/state-owned enterprises: Audited financial information including the following: sales/turnover, net profit after tax, total assets, total liabilities, and shareholders’ equity (in Euro) for the most recent year and the previous year. Previous year (specify) Most recent year (specify)

Page 4

Sales/turnover Euro Euro

Net profit after tax Euro Euro

Total assets Euro Euro

Total liabilities Euro Euro

Shareholders’ equity Euro Euro

b) Private universities: income for the most recent financial year (in Euro)

Euro

c) Government agencies, public universities, public research firms, NGOs and charitable institutions: provide information on main sources and amounts of funding support (in Euro). Name of main funding institution Amount received

Previous year (specify) Most recent year (specify)

≈ 4.4 Million Euro 4.467 Million Euro

Euro Euro

Euro Euro

Euro Euro

Page 5

ANNEX B2: The Partners Participating in the Project Partner 1: A separate copy of this Annex should be completed by each partner.

No Information required Details to be completed

1 Full legal name of Partner Green field Joint stock Company

2 Registration number or equivalent 4000446874

3 Date of Registration 5.9.2006

4 Place of Registration Quang Nam


commercial business

6 Country of Registration / Nationality Vietnam

7 Business address DAITAN CRAFT VILLAGE INDUSTRIAL ZONE, DAILOC, QUANG NAM PROVINCE, VIETNAM

8 Contact person name Luu Quang Thai

9 Telephone number 84 511 3623661

10 Fax number 0510.3773831/ 0511.3623664


12 Website of the organisation http://biofuelvietnam.com

13 Scope and nature of business

14 Years in operation 5


16 History of cooperation with the Applicant (Lead Partner)

Provided wastewater to Applicant in 2009 for trial of algae growing. Invited Applicant to visit the Dong Xanh Ethanol Plant in 2009 and 2011.


Providing information related to the project such as source of CO2, wastewater, ethanol product, etc.


Support land , investment of equipments for biodiesel processing, workshop for equipments, handling of waterwaste, CO2

19. Experience of projects or actions similar to the role in the implementation of the proposed Project

No. Name of project Type of project Location

01 Cassava based Absolute Ethanol Project

Dai Loc, Quang Nam province, Vietnam

02 Biogas Production & Wastewater Treatment Plant

Dai Tan Factory, Quang Nam province, Vietnam

03 Project of Wastewater Treatment and Methane Recovery at Green Field JSC.

Dai Tan Factory, Quang Nam province, Vietnam

20. Financial Information Fill the appropriate table: a) if private business, private research and government/state-owned enterprise; b) if private university; and c) if government agencies, public research firms, NGOs and charitable organisations. a) Private business, private research and government/state-owned enterprises: Audited financial information including the following: sales/turnover, net profit after tax, total assets, total liabilities, and shareholders’ equity (in Euro) for the most recent year and the previous year.

Page 6


VND29,500=€1

Sales/turnover €11,924,508 €2,237,050

Net profit after tax €37,797 €360,092

Total assets €21,444,203 €8,270,983

Total liabilities €11,786,061 €14,373,630

Shareholders’ equity €3,118,644 €4,501,695


Euro

c) Government agencies, public universities, public research firms, NGOs and charitable institutions: provide information on main sources and amounts of funding support (in Euro).

Name of main funding institution Amount received


Euro Euro

Euro Euro

Euro Euro

Euro Euro

Page 7

ANNEX B2: The Partners Participating in the Project Partner 2: A separate copy of this Annex should be completed by each partner. No Information required Details to be completed

1 Full legal name of Partner Finnish Environment Institute

2 Registration number or equivalent 0996189-5

3 Date of Registration 1.9.1995

4 Place of Registration Finland


Government Institute

6 Country of Registration / Nationality Finland

7 Business address Mechelininkatu 34A, PO Box 140, FI 00251 Helsinki

8 Contact person name Kristian Spilling

9 Telephone number +358400148526

10 Fax number +358204902291


12 Website of the organisation www.ymparisto.fi

13 Scope and nature of business Govermental Institute

14 Years in operation 16



No previous cooperation


Planning own part in project


Research exchange


ALGIESEL Academic, Finnish academy Finland

MICROFUEL Applied research, Tekes Finland

LIPIDO Academic, Finnish Academy Nordic countries

ALDIGA Acedemic/applied research Finland

SUBMARINER EU regional project EU



Sales/turnover Euro Euro

Net profit after tax Euro Euro

Total assets Euro Euro

Total liabilities Euro Euro

Shareholders’ equity Euro Euro

mailto:[email protected]

http://www.ymparisto.fi/

Page 8


Euro

c) Government agencies, public universities, public research firms, NGOs and charitable institutions: provide information on main sources and amounts of funding support (in Euro). Name of main funding institution Amount received


Finnish Government and external funding ~50 Million Euro 52 Million Euro

Euro Euro

Euro Euro

Euro Euro

Page 9

ANNEX B2: The Partners Participating in the Project Partner 3: A separate copy of this Annex should be completed by each partner. No Information required Details to be completed

1 Full legal name of Partner Université Libre de Bruxelles

2 Registration number or equivalent PADOR n°BE-2007-DPW-2711264109

3 Date of Registration 2007

4 Place of Registration Brussels


Public Utility Institution

6 Country of Registration / Nationality Belgium/Belgian

7 Business address 50 Avenue Franklin Roosevelt CP 165/67 1050 Bruxelles Belgium

8 Contact person name Frédéric Debaste

9 Telephone number +32 2 650 67 56

10 Fax number +32 2 650 29 10


12 Website of the organisation http://www.ulb.ac.be/

13 Scope and nature of business Higher education : teaching, research

14 Years in operation 175 years

15 Number of employees 4.850


Common research projects on oil extraction, drying and ultrafiltration for the vietnamese biodiversity valorisation for 3 years. This research collaboration is funded by two Belgian agencies : Fond National pour la Recherche Scientifique (FNRS) and Wallonie Brussels International (WBI). It includes 5 master thesis and one PhD co-tutorship.


Contribution to the elaboration of the working plans and explaination of the needs and possibilities in the field of oil extraction.


Active participation (presentation, moderation) to the workshops planned in the project Optimisation of the extraction and refining of the oil. Organisation of training period in Belgium for Vietnamese PhD students.


1 Promoting appropriate technology for smallholders to increase food security among indigenous peoples in Cambodia and Lao PDR

General objective: sustainable improvement of food security for vulnerable people in Lao PDR-Cambodia-Vietnam borderline provinces of Attapeu and Ratanakiri Specific objectives: to improve poor people nutritional intake and health by diversifying and increasing quality food production thanks to appropriate technologies, while encouraging food trade and sensitizing households to diet balance principles. 1. Improve or rehabilitate soil and water management; crop protection and production of good quality planting

Promoting appropriate technology for smallholders to increase food security among indigenous peoples in Cambodia and Lao PDR

Page 10

material. 2. Promote ecological livestock and fish-farming (including affordable and accessible basic veterinary cares).

3. Sensitize households to nutrition needs and hygiene good practices, including balanced intra-household food repartition.

4. Improve or initiate food processing and storage activities.

5. Prospect market to identify demands and profitable trade opportunities that target group can respond to.

6. Strengthen existing CBOs or develop them to manage and advocate for common assets (lands,…) and structure them up to province level 7. Partner with local authorities and research institutions to improve farmers access to needed knowledge support and infrastructures

2 Appropriate technology for rice post-harvest dehydration to enhance its nutritive value and conservation

To implement appropriate solution to dehydrate rice in order to preserve it with a high nutritional value. The following methodology is applied: 1/Inventory of existing technology 2/Needs assessment trough consultations with partners 3/ Identification and design of an appropriate solar technology 4/ Local implementation locale in CBOS (cooperatives or small-scale industries) in partnership with a local university to insure the competence transfer and the maintenance after the project completion. Expected results: 1 rice solar-dryer is designed, build up, tested and operational Local operators are able to use the dryer Local maintenance is insured, through capacity-building to ITC

Cambodge

3 Institutional university cooperation with the Phan Ngoc Tach university (academic and health development)

The cooperation with the Phan Ngoc Tach University (U-PNT) aims to 3 major targets:

• To help U-PNT to be recognized as a national and regional centre of excellence on the medical field;

• To enhance local population’s health;

• To enhance academic and scientific strength

The general strategy of the project include 5 sub-activities: 1. Enhancement of training quality

with a special attention to the

Ho Chi Minh - City (Vietnam)

Page 11

pedagogical methodology and including a training evaluation;

2. Setting up of a laboratory platform (enhancement of the basic training);

3. Creation of a Ph.D. School (enhancement of the scientific level);

4. Development of the clinical research training;

5. Setting up of a third training cycle in family medicine and internal medicine;

4 Institutional university cooperation with Institut de Technologie du Cambodge (ITC)

To support ITC to fulfill its triple mandate of teaching, research and services. ITC teaching is nurtured and fostered by the development of a high-level and internationally recognized research expertise. ITC develops its collaborations with the industry, NGO and consultancy sector. Expected results:

- ITC sustainably develop its research programme following international standards, addressing society needs and for the profit of its 3

rd cycle

- Teaching quality for 1st and 2nd cycles are enhanced in terms of level and sustainability for all departments of GEE

- Organisation of external communication externe and intranet is developped for ITC departments and administrative services

Cambodia

5 Appropriate technology for fish and mango dehydration to enhance its nutritive value and conservation

To implement appropriate solution to dehydrate rice in order to preserve it with a high nutritional value. The following methodology is applied: 1/Inventory of existing technology 2/Needs assessment trough consultations with partners 3/ Identification and design of an appropriate solar technology 4/ Local implementation locale in CBOS (cooperatives or small-scale industries) in partnership with a local university to insure the competence transfer and the maintenance after the project completion. Expected results: 30 fish solar-dryers and 2 mango solar-dryers are designed, build up, tested and operational Local operators are able to use the dryer Local maintenance is insured, through

Mali, Burkina Faso

Page 12

capacity-building provided at Université de Ouagadougou and AFAR NGO


2010 2009)

Sales/turnover 285,500,000 Euro 282,021,000 Euro

Net profit after tax N/A N/A

Total assets N/A N/A

Total liabilities N/A N/A

Shareholders’ equity N/A N/A


Euro

c) Government agencies, public universities, public research firms, NGOs and charitable institutions: provide information on main sources and amounts of funding support (in Euro).

Name of main funding institution Amount received

Previous year (specify)

Most recent year (specify)

Page 13

ANNEX B3: Confirmation Letter Date: _25.6.2011_______ Regional Coordination Unit AITCC Room 130-132 Asian Institute of Technology Km 42 Paholyothin Highway Klong Luang, Pathumthani 12120 Thailand Attention: Dr. Ludovic Lacrosse

RE: FULL PROJECT PROPOSAL DOCUMENT: Biodiesel Production from closed-algae growing systems using waste water of Ethanol Plant in Viet nam We refer to your notification letter dated May 24, 2011 informing us that our project proposal 3-V-053 _ Biodiesel Production from closed-algae growing systems using waste water of Ethanol Plant in Viet nam has been selected to proceed to the preparation and submission of the Full Project Proposal Document (the Proposal). The undersigned are pleased to submit the attached proposal for your evaluation. As Project Partners, we confirm that we have collaborated in the preparation of the Proposal and we fully support the Proposal. Yours sincerely,

Page 14

Page 15

References Arief Widjaja , Chao-Chang Chien , Yi-Hsu Ju. 2009. Study of increasing lipid production from fresh water microalgae Chlorella vulgaris . Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers 40 (2009) 13–20

Asterio Sanchez Miron, Antonio Contreras Gomez, Francisco Garcı´a Camacho, Emilio Molina Grima, Yusuf Chisti. 1999. Comparative evaluation of compact photobioreactors for large-scale monoculture of microalgae. Journal of Biotechnology 70: 249–270

C.U. Ugwu, H. Aoyagi, H. Uchiyama. 2008. Photobioreactors for mass cultivation of algae. Bioresource Technology 99 :4021–4028

D. Briassoulis, P. Panagakis, M. Chionidis, D. Tzenos, A. Lalos, C. Tsinos, K. Berberidis, A. Jacobsen. 2010. An experimental helical-tubular photobioreactor for continuous production of Nannochloropsis sp. Bioresource Technology 101: 6768–6777

Evens, T.J., Chapman, D.J., Robbins, R.A., D’Asaro, E.A., 2000. An analytical flat-plate photobioreactor with a spectrally attenuated light source for the incubation of phytoplankton under dynamic light regimes. Hydrobiologia 434: 55–62.

F. G. Acien Fernandez, J. M. Acien Fernandez Sevilla, J. A. Sanchez Perez, E. Molina Grima, Y. Chisti. 2001. Airlift-driven external-loop tubular photobioreactors for outdoor production of microalgae: assessment of design and performance. Chemical Engineering Science 56: 2721-2732.

Fjerdingstad, E. 1971. Microbial critera for environmental qualities. Annu. Rev. Microbiol. 25:563-582.

Lehr F, Posten C. 2009. Closed photobioreactors are tools for biofuel production. Curr Opin Biotechnol 20:280-285.

Mcintyre R. (2009), “Algae’s powerful future”, The Futurist, March-April:26-33.

Moholkar, V.S., 2008. 5th International Biofuels Conference, February 7 – 8, 2008, Janpath, New Delhi, India.

Nguyen Phu Cuong, 2011. Ket qua trien khai de an phat trien nhien lieu sinh hoc. Tài liệu Hội Thảo “Thực Trạng Phát triển nhiên liệu sinh học tại Việt Nam”, Hà Nội tháng 6/2011.

Penglin Li, Xiaoling Miao,Rongxiu Li and Jianjiang Zhong. 2011. In Situ Biodiesel Production from Fast-Growing and High Oil Content Chlorella pyrenoidosa in Rice Straw Hydrolysate J Biomed Biotechnol. 141-207.

Rodolfi L, Chin Zittelli G, Bassi N, Padovani G, Biondi N, Bonini G, Tredici MR. 2009. Microalgae for oil: strain selection, induction of lipid synthesis and outdoor mass cultivation in a low-cost photobioreactor. Biotechnol Bioeng, 102:100-112.

Rodolfi L, Chin Zittelli G, Bassi N, Padovani G, Biondi N, Bonini G, Tredici MR. 2009. Microalgae for oil: strain selection, induction of lipid synthesis and outdoor mass cultivation in a low-cost photobioreactor. Biotechnol Bioeng, 102:100-112.

Scott SA., Matthew P Davey, John S Dennis, Irmtraud Horst, Christopher J Howe, David J Lea-Smith and Alison G Smith, 2010. “Biodiesel from algae: challenges and prospects”, Current Opinion in Biotechnology, 2010, 21:1–10.

Stephenson AI, Dennis JS, Howe CJ, Scott SA, Smith AG. 2010. Influence of nitrogen-limitation regime on the production by Chlorella vulgaris of lipids for biodiesel feedstocks. Biofuels 1:47-58.

Truong Vinh, 2010. Study the production of biodiesel from microalgae of Vietnam. Ministry project report.

Xiong W, Gao C, Yan D, Wu C, Wu Q. 2010. Double CO2 fixation in photosynthesis-fermentation model enhances algal lipid synthesis for biodiesel production. Bioresour Technol, 101:2287-2293

Y. Chisti, “Biodiesel from microalgae,” Biotechnology Advances, vol. 25, no. 3, pp. 294–306, 2007.

Page 16

APPENDIECES

Page 17

APPENDIX 1

Treatment

Growing time

(hour)

Maximum cell

concentration

(106/ml)

Biomass dry

weight (mg/l)

Crude oil

content(%)

NT2

527 21.15 494.4 17.02

NT5 275 16.35 266 21.54

NT6 204 12.45 150.04 24.23

Control 527 17.25 311.3 9.08

(Source: Truong Vinh, 2010)

APPENDIX 2

Fatty acid Molecular formula Moleular weight Fraction (%w/w)

Acid Myristic (C14:0) C14 H28 O2 228 0.7

Acid Palmitic (C16:0) C16 H32 O2 256 46.08

Acid Palmitoleic (C16:1) C16 H30 O2 254 2.62

Acid Stearic (C18:0) C18 H36 O2 284 0.79

Acid Oleic (C18:1) C18 H34 O2 282 11.33

Acid Linoleic (C18:2) C18 H32 O2 280 30.81

Acid Linolenic (C18:3) C18 H30 O2 278 4.33

Acid Arachidic (C20:0) C20H40O2 312 3.35


Page 18

APPENDIX 3


Figure: 170L/batch photobioreactor for algae working outdoor at NLU


0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

0 24 48 72 96 120 144 168 192 216

Cel

l co

nce

ntr

ati

on

(1

06

cell

/ml)

Time (hour)

Growth of Chlorella Vulgaris microalgae in 170 liter/batch

photobioreactor

Page 19

APPENDIX 4


0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

Chloroform/methanol (2/1:v/v)

wet extraction

n-hexan

dry extraction

Oil

con

ten

t (%

)Comparison between wet and dry extraction of algae biomass