Fugro World Wide - Capability Statement Carbon Capture and Storage (Ccs)

Fugro World Wide CCS CAPABIL ITY STATEMENT

CAPABILITY STATEMENT CARBON CAPTURE AND STORAGE

(CCS)

November 2009

Fugro World Wide Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) Capability Statement

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CO2CRC

Fugro is the world leading geoscience company operating around the world at sea, on land and from the

air. Fugro uses professional, highly specialized staff and advanced technologies and systems to collect and

interpret data related to the earth's surface and the soils and rocks beneath. No other company can

provide the same comprehensive range of geotechnical, survey and geosciences services.


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CONTENTS

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1� INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................ 1�

2� COMPANY PROFILE ................................................................................................. 2�

3� MAIN STAGES OF A CCS STORAGE PROJECT ..................................................... 3�3.1� Site Characterization and Selection ........................................................................... 3�3.2� Project Operations ...................................................................................................... 4�3.3� Site Closure ................................................................................................................ 4�3.4� Post-Closure ............................................................................................................... 4�

4� OCEAN STORAGE .................................................................................................... 4�

5� FUGRO’S CCS CAPABILITIES .................................................................................. 5�

6� HEALTH, SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY ............................................... 10�

7� PROJECT EXPERIENCE .......................................................................................... 11�7.1� Environmental Assessments ...................................................................................... 11�7.2� Geological Assessments ............................................................................................ 11�7.3� Geophysical and Borehole Geophysical Assessments, Borehole Testing ................. 14�7.4� Licensing and Permissions ......................................................................................... 17�7.5� Monitoring ................................................................................................................... 17�7.6� Reservoir Characterization ......................................................................................... 17�7.7� Survey ........................................................................................................................ 24�

APPENDICES ............................................................................................................................... 25�


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1 INTRODUCTION

CCS is a broad term that encompasses a number of technologies that can be used to capture CO2 from point sources, such as power plants and other industrial facilities, compress it; transport it mainly by pipeline to suitable locations; and inject it into deep subsurface geological formations for indefinite isolation from the atmosphere. CCS is a critical option in the portfolio of solutions available to combat climate change, because it allows for significant reductions in CO2 emissions from fossil-based systems, enabling it to be used as a bridge to a sustainable energy future.

Carbon capture technologies have not been demonstrated on commercial-scale power plants yet. Three main approaches (Post-combustion capture, Pre-combustion capture, Oxy-fuel combustion) are used to capture CO2 from power plants. Other industrial processes that are potential candidates for CO2 capture are steel, cement, ammonia, and ethanol production.

Transporting CO2 from point-of-capture to storage sites is an important linking step in the CCS project cycle. Although CO2 is transported via pipelines, ships, and tanker trucks for Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) and other industrial operations, pipeline transport is considered to be the most cost-effective and reliable method of transporting CO2 for onshore CCS.

Existing injection programs provide experience for geologic storage, also known as sequestration, of CO2. The storage plan for an individual site ultimately must reflect the heterogeneity in local geological conditions, be informed by knowledge gained during project operations, and be based on site-specific data. Proper site characterization and operation are critical to successful geologic storage efforts. Also integral to safe and effective geologic storage is developing a reliable measurement, monitoring, and verification plan.

Scenarios for stabilizing climate-forcing emissions suggest atmospheric CO2 stabilization can only be accomplished through the development and deployment of a robust portfolio of solutions, including significant increases in energy efficiency and conservation in the industrial, building, and transport sectors; increased reliance on renewable energy and potentially additional nuclear energy sources; and deployment of CCS. Slowing and stopping emissions growth from the energy sector will require transformational changes in the way the world generates and uses energy.

Fugro has unique capabilities and strength in existing business fields that are closely interconnected to the CCS industry and are highly applicable to provide the CCS industry with high-value services and integrated, managed approaches.


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2 COMPANY PROFILE

Fugro collects and interprets data related to the earth's surface and the soils and rocks beneath. Fugro operates around the world at sea, on land and from the air, using professional, highly specialized staff and advanced technologies and systems, many of which have been developed in-house. Fugro operates on a worldwide basis. We offer our customers a comprehensive network of offices where our locally based staff is thoroughly familiar with regional operating conditions.

Fugro NV is a company of approximately 14,000 employees in over 250 offices and a permanent presence in 60 countries. We are specialized in the collection, processing, interpretation and management of data related to the Earth’s surface. Fugro NV was founded in 1962, has been listed on Euronext N.V. in Amsterdam since 1992 and has been included in the Amsterdam Midkap index since 2002 and as of 2 September 2008 Fugro has been included in the AEX-Index.

Fugro holds a leading and unique market position due to its (in-house) technological developments, high-value services provision and strong international and regional footprint. We are the leading provider of seismic inversion and reservoir characterization products and services, integrating geology, petrophysics, geophysics, and engineering to construct the most accurate and detailed descriptions of your reservoir.

Fugro supports its clients in their search for natural resources and the production and transportation of those resources. Fugro also provides its clients with technical data and information in order to design construct and maintain installations, structures and infrastructure in a safe and efficient manner. To be able to meet their needs in the best possible way, Fugro's organizational structure is decentralized and market orientated. Fugro's highly qualified specialists work with modern technologies and systems, many of which have been developed in-house.

Fugro's data collection equipment includes around fifty-five vessels, some hundreds of CPT (Cone Penetration Testing) and drilling units, around thirty jack-up platforms, approximately sixty aircraft and helicopters, one hundred and twenty-five ROVs (Remotely Operated Vehicles), and five AUVs (Autonomous Underwater Vehicles), as well as advanced (satellite) positioning systems.

Our goal is to provide our clients with superior quality service that meets or exceeds all agreed specifications and to deliver error-free goods and services achieved by doing it right the first time.

This Capability Statement summarizes the key services Fugro supplies to the CCS industry. More detail on any of the services or companies discussed here is available in the form of datasheets, CV’s and additional information upon request.


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3 MAIN STAGES OF A CCS STORAGE PROJECT

Onshore and offshore CCS storage projects, with potential storage option within the subsurface or subbottom units can be subdivided into four different phases as presented in Figure 1.

Figure 1: Projected Timeline for a CCS Project (modified after World Resources Institute (WRI). CCS Guidelines, 2008)

Our expert service teams extend your team throughout the entire project. In addition, Fugro continues to invest in research and development to provide our clients with superior quality services. The characteristics, specific needs and Fugro’s services for each single phase are summarized below and listed in more detail in Section 5.

3.1 Site Characterization and Selection

Site characterization and selection is the most important step in ensuring the safety and integrity of a storage project. During this phase, much of the site-specific data are collected and permits applications are developed. Fugro offers to the CCS industry unique geotechnical, survey and geoscience services in order to ensure the successful start of a project and a reliable database for the entire CCS process. Specifically, Fugro offers a wide range of services from survey, geological, geophysical, petrophysical and environmental assessments, reservoir characterization as well as field and laboratory tests.


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3.2 Project Operations

“Project operations” is often narrowly defined as the period of active CO2 injection. However, site preparation and well construction are included as part of operational activities. Fugro provides a wide range of monitoring services that are important for a smooth operation of a carbon storage facility.

3.3 Site Closure

Site closure occurs when injection ceases, the final wells are plugged and abandoned, and the site is certified for closure. Plugging and abandonment of wells is the primary task in site closure. During site closure, operators will undertake post-injection monitoring to demonstrate that the storage project does not endanger human health and the environment. Fugro’s monitoring capabilities and expertise in the development of legal and permit documents for site closure will assist the client during this project phase.

3.4 Post-Closure

Post-closure is the period of time after certification of site closure. At this stage, the storage project should not endanger human health and the environment.

4 OCEAN STORAGE

Besides the CO2 storage options within the ground, there is a potential CO2 storage option by injecting captured CO2 directly into the deep ocean. Ocean storage potentially could be done in two ways: by injecting and dissolving CO2 into the water column (typically below 1,000 meters) via a fixed pipeline or a moving ship, or by depositing it via a fixed pipeline or an offshore platform onto the sea floor at depths below 3,000 m, where CO2 is denser than water and is expected to form a “lake”. At these depths, CO2 would be isolated from the atmosphere for centuries.

Vessels play an important role in the activities Fugro carries out for its clients. Our modern fleet currently comprises over 45 vessels that can be deployed for a variety of purposes. Fugro operates geotechnical vessels for site investigations and marine drilling activities, seismic and survey vessels for geophysical and hydrographic surveys. In addition, Fugro provides Autonomous Underwater Vehicle (AUV) and Remotely Operated Vehicles (ROV) for subsea construction and drill support as well as deepwater survey activities.


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5 FUGRO’S CCS CAPABILITIES

The following table provides a summary of Fugro’s CCS capabilities and gives an overview of the applicability at different phases of a CCS storage project. Some additional information to some of the listed services as well as an extract of Fugro’s technical capabilities is provided in the Appendices at the end of this document.

FUGRO SERVICES

MAIN STAGES OF A CCS STORAGE PROJECT

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Environmental Assessments

Environmental impact assessments (EIA) including ecological risk assessment, identification and evaluation of environmental adverse impacts

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Environmental Management Plans (EMP) �� Landscape management plans and spatial analysis �� Compatibility studies based on the Habitat and the Wild Birds Directive of the EU Council ��

Conservation value assessments �� Environmental monitoring of natural systems �� Assessment of the baseline water chemistry and mineral content to enable future detection changes in groundwater quality ��

Geological Assessments

Site assessment, site evaluation, site selection �� Preliminary characterization of geological structures �� Regional and local geological surveys and geologic hazard assessments ��

Regional & site-specific fault & seismic source characterization �� Feasibility studies �� Mapping and identification of all potentially significant transmissive faults especially those that transect the confining zone within the project footprint

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Geophysical and Borehole Geophysical Assessments, Borehole Testing

Geophysical methods such as: Vertical Magnetic Gradiometry; Frequency Domain Electromagnetics; Time Domain Electromagnetics; Shallow Soil Resistivity Surveying, Seismic Refraction & Reflection; Electrical Resistivity Tomography; P-Wave Cross-Hole Tomography, Ground Penetrating Radar; Radiodetection; Microgravity; Multi Channel Analysis of Surface Wave (MASW); Cross-hole tomography; P & S Wave Cross-hole/Down-hole and OYO Suspension Logging.

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FUGRO SERVICES


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Rock and fluid properties analysis �� CO2 saturation (both dissolved and free), and oil saturation (for EOR projects) over time � ��

4D prestack and poststack seismic data processing �� 2D-3D seismic reflection suitable for onshore seismic imaging of faulting between 50 m and 1000 m depth ��

1D and 3D seismic modeling using well-log, geomodel, and reservoir flow simulation data ��

inversion of 4D seismic anomalies to obtain quantitative changes in pore pressure ��

Borehole Geophysics, Well Logging, Wireline Logs (Acoustic and Optical Borehole Imager, Borehole Camera, Caliper, Cement Bond Log, 3D-Cavity Scanner, Deviation, Resistivity, Flowmeter, Fluid Conductivity, Fluid Temperature, Full Wave Sonic, Gamma Gamma Density, Neutron Log, Induction Electric Log, Natural Gamma Ray, Water Sampler, Self Potential, Tracer Log)

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Pressuremeter testing �� Packer testing �� Pumping tests �� Well drilling and completion ��

Laboratory Testing

Laboratory testing of soil and rock properties, including porosity and permeability ��

QEMSCAN™ (Quantitative Evaluation of Minerals by Scanning Electron Microscopy) providing digital imaging, and mineralogical and petrological analysis

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Licensing and Permissions

Licensing & regulatory interaction �� Preparation of operational plans �� Assembling a comprehensive set of data describing the location, condition, plugging, and abandonment procedures, and any integrity testing results for every well

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Preparing documentation for certification of site closure � � ��

Monitoring

Data Management and presentation of monitoring results as web-based solution � ��

Corrosion detection on wells � ��


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FUGRO SERVICES


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Satellite monitoring service using radar interferometric techniques (INSAR) to identify any movement or instability or other surface deformation

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Effective monitoring of the environment to confirm storage integrity (aquifer, surface, atmosphere) � ��

Monitoring CO2 displacement and distribution in the subsurface to verify the quality of the containment � ��

Surface monitoring for water quality control or CO2 detection � �� Groundwater monitoring to detect potential CO2 migration (pH, alkalinity, and concentration of calcium or other alkaline earth metals) � ��

Microseismic monitoring � �� Pressure, temperature, and fluid chemistry monitoring in the injection reservoir � ��

Mechanical integrity tests to monitor and demonstrate the integrity of the injection and monitoring well(s) � ��

Monitoring for injected or displaced fluids to update and validate the subsurface models � ��

Monitoring of CO2 concentrations and fluxes and fluid composition to detect CO2 in the groundwater or at the surface � ��

Effective monitoring of the environment to confirm storage integrity (aquifer, surface, atmosphere) � � ��

Monitoring CO2 displacement and distribution in the subsurface to verify the quality of the containment � � ��

Surface monitoring for water quality control or CO2 detection � � ��Measurement and monitoring of the CO2 plume � � ��Groundwater monitoring to detect potential CO2 migration (pH, alkalinity, and concentration of calcium or other alkaline earth metals) � � ��

Well integrity testing � �� Water injection tests � ��

Offshore Capabilities

Desktop studies �� Top hole drilling �� Exploration and appraisal well drilling �� Subsea well intervention �� Subsea well plug and abandonment � �� Formation strength evaluation �� Navigation services (surface (Starfix) and subsea positioning) ��


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FUGRO SERVICES


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Structure positioning (DGPS/EDM surface positioning sensors, LBL acoustic systems for subsea applications and metrology, attitude monitoring sensors, including gyros and inclinometers, subsea depth and altitude measurement systems)

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Rig positioning �� Seabed mapping �� Site surveys, drilling hazard surveys �� Hydrographic mapping �� Metrology surveys �� Subsea inspection services using ROTV �� Single beam and multibeam echo sounder operations for bathymetric charting ��

Side scan sonar surveys for detailed seabed mapping �� Seismic profiler surveys for the investigation of sub-sea geology �� Geotechnical sampling, testing and analysis �� Environmental sampling and seabed photography �� Spillage monitoring and oceanographic surveys �� Annex I habitat surveys including pockmark investigations �� Baseline environmental surveys �� Biological effects monitoring �� Drill cuttings pile surveys �� Fish spawning ground surveys and biotope mapping assessments (including coral reefs) ��

Reservoir Characterization

Development of subsurface reservoir models �� Static and dynamic reservoir modeling �� Integrated reservoir studies including reservoir characterization, reservoir simulation and field development planning ��

Technical evaluation and reviewing to efficiency of EOR options �� Prediction/simulation of the injection over the lifetime of the storage project and the associated project footprint ��

Subsurface flow simulation to predict the migration of injected CO2 �� Calibration of the reservoir and risk models � ��


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FUGRO SERVICES


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Survey

Seismic surveys �� Aerial photography �� LiDar mapping (fixed wings and helicopter) �� FLI-MAP® (Fast Laser Imaging and Mapping Airborne Platform), helicopter based scanning laser system ��

Land survey and photogrammetric survey �� Processing and interpretation of satellite and remote sensing data �� Data capture – conversion of paper-based records to electronic format through scanning, digitization, polygonisation and attribution ��

Satellite monitoring service using radar interferometric techniques (INSAR) to identify any movement or instability or other surface deformation

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6 HEALTH, SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY

Fugro is committed to provide a healthy and safe workplace for all people at each work location and to protect the environment in accordance with applicable laws and our HSE Policy. Our commitment is based on the conviction that accidents are preventable. In order to achieve this objective, we will identify HSE risks arising from our activities and reduce them to as low as is reasonably practicable.

Health, Safety and Environmental (HSE) responsibilities are integrated in the way in which Fugro conducts its business. Successfully managing HSE issues is an essential component of our business strategy. Through observance and encouragement of this Policy, we assist in protecting the environment and the overall well-being of all our stakeholders, specifically, our employees, clients, subcontractors, and communities.

In general, Fugro’s activities have little effect on the environment. Even so, Fugro pays due attention to the environment and is careful to protect it. Preventing or reducing environmental damage is a fundamental policy component. Through its work within its own disciplines Fugro has gained extensive knowledge of environmental problems and contributes towards their solution. A high proportion of Fugro’s activities is carried out on behalf of the oil and gas industry and, when involved in these activities, Fugro complies with the stringent demands the industry places on contractors.

Fugro management will continue to take a proactive approach towards creating safe working environments for all employees and will be accountable for promoting continued safety education and training for all employees, assigning responsibility for all aspects of the HSE Policy, continuously reviewing potential areas of improvement, and ensuring thorough evaluations of all incidents. Fugro will continue to address the environmental and health impact of our operations by reducing waste, emissions, and discharges and by using energy efficiently. We strive to be good citizens in every community in which we operate.

Fugro will facilitate implementation of the HSE Policy by having a Fugro HSE Management System. This System aims at continual improvement of HSE performance through definition of roles and responsibilities at all levels in the organization and an efficient communication structure. This HSE Management System is consistent with the Fugro business principles whereby operating companies handle their operations in accordance with instructions and guidance from Fugro NV.

In this way we aim to foster an HSE performance we can be proud of, to earn the confidence of customers, shareholders and society at large and to enable sustained growth and development.


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7 PROJECT EXPERIENCE

7.1 Environmental Assessments

� GROß SCHULZENDORF, Germany: Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) EIA including screening, Environmental Management Planning (EMP), groundwater modeling, monitoring and consultancy for the construction of 4 new waterworks pumping wells and new water pipelines.

� JÄNSCHWALDE, Germany: Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) EIA including environmental feasibility and strategy study, screening, Environmental Management Planning (EMP), assessments in accordance with European Habitats and Birds Directive (NATURA2000), groundwater modeling and water management, monitoring and consultancy for the lignite open-pit mine Cottbus Nord.

� STRAUSBERG, Germany: Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) EIA including screening, Environmental Management Planning (EMP), mapping and consultancy for the construction of the second runway and a new terminal building at the airport Strausberg.

� BLIESDORF-THÖRINGSWERDER, Germany: Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) EIA including screening and Environmental Management Planning (EMP) for the construction of a wind farm consisting of 8 turbines.

� KOZLODUY, Bulgaria: Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Economic, environmental and social impact study of the early closure of the VVER 440 reactor units of the Kozloduy Nuclear Power Plant (Bulgaria). The report provided an assessment of the consequences of early closure and presented a strategy to mitigate these consequences.

7.2 Geological Assessments

� FATEH/FATEH SOUTHWEST, Dubai, UAE: Full field geological studies Characterization of reservoir development and evaluation of the influence of fractures in the upper Thamama reservoir. Detailed reservoir description and construction of a predictive reservoir model incorporating sedimentological, seismic, structural, wireline log and reservoir engineering data.

� TROUT, Canada: Steam-assisted gravity drainage field development plan The study involved construction of a 3D static model using Petrel and thermal reservoir simulation using individual well production forecasts and a project economic analysis.


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� OFFSHORE BLOCK P8, The Netherlands: Fault study A detailed fault study of the Lower Cretaceous in Offshore block P8. In the neighboring block P9, oil from the heavily faulted Lower Cretaceous has already been produced.

� MUSCAT, Oman: Mapping stratigraphy and bedrock profile for a pipeline route In 2005, Fugro were commissioned to perform a geophysical survey along a 30 km pipeline route in Muscat, Oman. The purpose of the survey, in conjunction with an intrusive investigation, was to map the shallow stratigraphy along the route to aid in the pipeline design.

� STRATHSPEY, East Shetland Basin, UK: Reservoir geological study A reservoir geological study of the Brent Group of twelve wells on the Strathspey structure, integrated with high resolution biostratigraphy, resulting in comprehensive facies analysis, reservoir zonation, correlation, mapping and channel modelling. Petrographic analyses led to the development of a diagenetic model that was integrated with core petrophysics data

� VICTOR, UK: Review of the Rotliegendes reservoir Review of the Rotliegendes reservoir and construction and history matching a reservoir simulation model that could be used to provide accurate performance and reserves predictions. Historical field performance, individual well production allocation, static reservoir pressures, pressure transient data, flowing well analysis, material balance, fault-related compartmentalisation, and analysis of field facilities were thoroughly investigated.

� ARZANAH, Abu Dhabi, UAE: Full field geological modeling Full field geological modeling and reservoir simulation study of the Arab C and D, including modeling of stromatoporoid reefs. Reservoir layering was based upon core, wireline log response and interwell correlation. Cut-offs were established for each lithological type and net to gross maps compiled. Gross thickness, porosity, water saturation and hydrocarbon pore feet maps were also prepared using the facies and diagenetic models as templates. The study involved close liaison with geophysicists and reservoir engineers

� DÖTLINGEN, Germany: Reservoir geological and petrophysical study A reservoir geological and petrophysical study of the Triassic reservoir using data from 38 wells to determine facies distributions, reservoir zonation and correlation together with diagenetic modelling to understand reservoir quality distribution. Integration of core and petrophysical data provided a framework for the production of parameter maps to assist the operator in producing a static volume model for gas storage.

� FATEH/FATEH SOUTHWEST, Dubai, UAE: Geological studies Full field geological studies of two adjacent fields, to characterize reservoir development


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and evaluate the influence of fractures in the upper Thamama reservoir. The study included detailed reservoir description and construction of a predictive reservoir model incorporating sedimentological, seismic, structural, wireline log and reservoir engineering data. The results of the study were used by the client for an EOR feasibility study. The study was mainly conducted in the client’s office

� EL GASSI, Algeria: Geological and economic evaluation A geological and economic evaluation was conducted on the field in order to establish the potential commerciality prior to investment. Subsequent work has included detailed sedimentological and diagenetic description and modeling, and a review of well test data, with a view to ultimately providing input to the client’s reservoir modeling

� ILLIZI BASIN, Algeria: Regional study A comprehensive regional study which included identification, risking and ranking of prospects and leads in the Cambrian to Carboniferous section. Some 300 wells and more than 20,000 km of seismic data were involved in this study.

� RAMOK/SENABING, Indonesia, Location: Geological/engineering study Multidisciplinary geological/engineering study to review and model old oil fields scheduled for rehabilitation. The study included an assessment of remaining reserves, their distribution in the reservoirs, and how best to recover them, as well as full economic assessment.

� GALOC, Philippines: Reservoir geological modeling and petrophysical study Integrated reservoir geological modeling and petrophysical study of the clastic Galoc reservoir in this offshore field, including seismic and structural interpretation.

� OCTON, Philippines: Reservoir geological modeling and petrophysical study Integrated reservoir geological modeling and petrophysical study that included seismic interpretation and integration with detailed sedimentological modeling

� SHAMS/SALAM/HAYAT, Egypt: Sedimentological and stratigraphic study An integrated sedimentological and stratigraphic study designed to resolve problems of reservoir correlation and flow unit recognition within complex discontinuous sandstone reservoirs in both the Jurassic and Cretaceous in a number of fields in the Western Desert. The study incorporated high resolution biostratigraphy and detailed reservoir description which were together used to generate sequence stratigraphically controlled, genetically based reservoir models.


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7.3 Geophysical and Borehole Geophysical Assessments, Borehole Testing

� SLEIPNER FIELD, Norway: Reprocessing of Seismic Data Reprocessing several vintages of 4D seismic data from the Sleipner Field and invert the time-lapse anomalies for CO2 saturation changes. Despite the lack of good well control, we were able to invert the 4D seismic anomalies to obtain an estimate of the amount of CO2 that accumulated at the top of the reservoir after a few years of injection.

� WEYBURN FIELD, Saskatchewan, Canada: Miscible CO2 EOR Project Performance of 4D seismic processing and CO2 pressure/saturation inversion on two vintages of

the Weyburn data. Performance of rock and fluid analysis and 1D modeling, and 4D processing and

CO2 inversion.

� NORTHERN ENGLAND, UK: Location of faulting beneath a key UK energy asset. Study involved the use of multichannel seismic reflection to 300 m depth to determine fault structures beneath a major industrial facility

� ODYSSEUS UNBOUND, Greece: Research project to identify depth of channel sediments. Study involved the use of ERT, seismic reflection and microgravity to determine the location of ancient valley infill deposits, possibly caused by landslides. The purpose of this Fugro sponsored research project was to inform the Odysseus Unbound project that is attempting to investigate a new theory about the location of Homers Ithaca. For more details see: http://www.odysseus-unbound.org/

� CHEVAL ROC, Jersey, United Kingdom: Bedrock Profiling Profile of bedrock topography along a coastal frontage. Study involved the use electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) and ground penetrating radar (GPR).

� PROJECT ASH, AYRSHIRE, United Kingdom: Identification of fault position and dip. Study involved the use of electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) to map fault structures to assist in economic assessment of coal deposits.

� BARROW-IN-FURNESS, United Kingdom: Integrated geophysical survey Study involved the use of electrical resistivity tomography (ERT), P-wave seismic refraction and frequency domain electromagnetics (EM) to locate the position of a natural ground peninsula to allow efficient construction of a new pylon.

� ARMADALE, United Kingdom: Integrated geophysical survey Study involved the use of electrical resistivity tomography (ERT), magnetic gradiometry (VMG) and frequency domain electromagnetics (EM) to investigate the nature of the underlying soils (peat) and man-made deposits beneath the site.


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� DRUMSHANGIE MOSS, United Kingdom: Integrated geophysical survey Study involved the use of electrical resistivity tomography (ERT), seismic refraction and frequency domain electromagnetics (EM). The objective of the survey was to map the depth of the competent bedrock and investigate the possible presence of subsurface voids caused by mining activities

� WORTHING FRONTAGE, United Kingdom: Integrated geophysical survey Study to measure the depth to the chalk bedrock and the thickness of overlaying shingle layers using a variety of different techniques including ERT, seismic refraction and GPR

� THE PALM DEIRA, United Arab Emirates: Identification of boulders within sand. Study involving the use of a variety of different frequency domain electromagnetic sensors (to provide varying penetration depths) to identify boulders with sands and gravels that might provide obstructions to development

� FREEPORT CONTAINER PORT, Bahamas: Microgravity survey of faults Project involved the use of microgravity to determine variations in the density of bedrock (voiding within limestone) caused by voiding and other structural controls.

� NEWCASTLE LANDFILL, UK: Landfill base profiling and identification of mineshafts Project had two objectives, firstly to identify the depth of a landfill using seismic refraction and ERT and secondly to determine the use of location of mineshafts using EM techniques and vertical magnetic gradiometry.

� HONG KONG, Republic of China: Thickness Determination of weathered overburden material The purpose of the survey was to determine and map the thickness of weathered overburden material over Granite bedrock prior to blasting operations for an industrial installation. Fugro used microgravity combined with intrusive results to model the depth to bedrock.

� DOUNREAY, UK: Fracture and stratigraphic assessment at Dounreay power station Project involved collecting wireline natural gamma, optical and acoustic televiewer data from Dounreay Power Station in Scotland.

� GRIEVEHILL, AYRSHIRE, United Kingdom: Identification of fault position and dip Study involved the use of electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) to map fault structures to assist in economic assessment of coal deposits.


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� NORTHERN A BLOCKS AT THE DUTCH SHELF, The Netherlands: Seismic interpretation Interpretation and depth conversion was the base for the drilling program for the development of the tertiary gas field in block A12.

� OFFSHORE BLOCK F9, The Netherlands: Hydrocarbon prospecting study Hydrocarbon prospecting study in block F9 offshore the Netherlands by means of 3D seismic data and well data.

� A, B AND F QUADRANTS, The Netherlands: Regional geological study A regional geological study in the A, B and F quadrants by means of petrophysical interpretations of the well data in this area. About 30 wells were analyzed.

� Several confidential projects for technical research for application of production and exploration concessions, ground subsidence, and CO2 storage

� SE-England: ERT investigation ERT investigation to profile Chalk Bedrock

� KORALMTUNNEL, Austria: Borehole TB01/05, Well Logging Well logging in an exploration borehole (depth 1200 m) along the route of the planned Koralmtunnel (railway-connection between Klagenfurt and Graz/Austria).

� MAGNESITE MIN, Breitenau, Austria: Deviation Logging Measurement of borehole deviation in 20 directional exploration drillings (mostly horizontal, max. depth 250m), cased hole.

� VRBINA, Slovenia: Well Logging Well logging in three exploration boreholes (depth approx. 100 m) at a planned deposit for low radioactive waste at Vrbina/Slovenia.

� DESSEL AND OOSTENDE, Belgium: Well Logging Well logging in 2 exploration boreholes (depth 190m, 320m) for geotechnical and hydrogeological investigation.

� GALERIE DE JANOTS/CASSIS, France: Well Logging Well logging in 7 investigation boreholes (depth max. 95m) in hard rock formation.

� BOREHOLE KALLO: Well Logging Well logging in an exploration borehole (depth 150m) for geotechnical and hydrogeological investigation.


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� LOZNICA, Serbia: Well Logging Well logging in 5 exploration boreholes (depth max. 650m).

� JUBAIL, Saudi Arabia: Well Logging Well logging in 3 boreholes to detect and characterize waterbearing formations.

� SLOVENIA: TV-inspection and Well Logging Technical check of a hydrothermal borehole (depth approx. 850 m).

� ZAMZAMA, Pakistan: Analysis of log and test data An analysis of log and test data was made to independently assess this hydrocarbon discovery. Recommendations on further appraisal were made as part of the study.

7.4 Licensing and Permissions

� MARKNESSE GAS FIELD, The Netherlands: Application for a production license Application for a production license of the Marknesse gas field in the NE Polder in the Netherlands. This study includes a calculation of the amount of gas in place and the expected recovery factor.

7.5 Monitoring

� WEYBURN FIELD, Saskatchewan, Canada: Miscible CO2 EOR Project Main component of the geophysical monitoring study for Phase II, including 4D prestack seismic

processing of multiple vintages, rock and fluid analysis for miscible CO2/oil/brine systems, 1D

seismic modeling from well logs, 3D seismic modeling from flow simulation data, CO2

pressure/saturation inversion, and uncertainty analysis.

7.6 Reservoir Characterization

� SLEIPNER FIELD, Norway: Seismic Modeling of CO2 Project Study a seismic inversion approach to estimate the Containment of CO2 injected into a reservoir using time-lapse seismic attributes.

� WEYBURN FIELD, Saskatchewan, Canada: Miscible CO2 EOR Project Performance of 4D prestack seismic processing and CO2 pressure/saturation inversion for Project Phase I and 4D prestack seismic processing, rock and fluid analysis for miscible CO2 / oil / brine systems, 1D seismic modeling from well logs, 3D seismic modeling from flow simulation data, CO2 pressure/saturation inversion for Project Phase II

� DOVER PHASE B, Canada: World’s most mature SAGD pilot project A thermal simulation model was constructed in STARS and specialized gas-bitumen


18

relative permeability curves were developed to model the leakage of non-condensable gasses from the SAGD chamber into the bitumen.

� Q AND P QUADRANT, The Netherlands: Reservoir quality study Regional Zechstein reservoir quality study in the Q and P quadrant offshore the Netherlands

� VEGA FIELD, Italy: Reservoir simulation of the fractured Jurassic carbonate reservoir The study involved a review of geological data, petrophysics and construction of a reservoir simulation model.

� ADAR-YALE, Sudan: Full field reservoir characterization and simulation study reservoir characterisation and simulation study of a clastic reservoir system with complex channelized architecture, from seismic interpretation and well analysis through 3D static model build (RMS), to history matching (Eclipse), drilling, facilities engineering and economics for inclusion in field development planning.

� SAZABA, Syria: Detailed static and dynamic reservoir modeling Simulation and history match of a fractured carbonate field containing medium heavy oil and tar mats with some 185 wells. Fracture modeling, detailed petrophysical analysis and rock typing, tar mat analysis, 3D static model construction, simulation/history matching and forward prediction, and economics. Reservoir modeling used Petrel, simulations use Eclipse.

� PARIWALI, Pakistan: Reservoir study A fully integrated reservoir study of a complex fractured reservoir containing a rich gas/condensate. This study covered seismic interpretation, petrophysical evaluation, geological facies and fracture modelling, reservoir simulation incl. history matching, forecasting and economics.

� BHIT, Pakistan: Development planning Development planning, involving basic reservoir engineering, deliverability forecasting and reservoir simulation modeling of the Bhit field. The main objectives of the work were to build the simulation model and prepare a preliminary development plan.

� BRAVO FIELD IN BLOCK K10, The Netherlands: Gas storage study A gas storage study (production geology and reservoir engineering) in the empty Rotliegend Bravo field in block K10 offshore the Netherlands.

� DAKHNI, Pakistan: Full field reservoir characterization and simulation study A full field reservoir characterisation and simulation study of a structurally complex


19

fractured carbonate gas reservoir, from seismic interpretation and well analysis through fracture modeling and 3D static model build, to history matching and field development planning.

� KHANDKOT, Pakistan: Study of facies and reservoir quality A major study of facies and reservoir quality, conducted on the Sui and Habib Rahi reservoirs, involving detailed core logging and thin section analysis, integration of log and core analysis data and the generation of a reservoir geological model.

� MARI, Pakistan: Seismic processing and detailed well studies Seismic processing across the field and detailed well studies of the Habib Rahi reservoir. The studies included sedimentology, facies modeling and structural work, including the identification of potential reserves in a deeper horizon, which was subsequently successfully tested by drilling.

� QADIRPUR, Pakistan: Field evaluation An integrated full field evaluation of both the Sui Main and Habib Rahi reservoirs in the Qadirpur field. The objectives of the study were to establish GIIP, reserves and deliverability, and to provide bank finance certification. Prior to carrying out this evaluation, the reserve potential of the Sara discovery was also reviewed.

� LINAPACAN West, Philippines: Fracture description and core review Fracture description and core review, conducted as part of an economic evaluation of the Tertiary carbonate reservoir in this field.

� SUNGAI GELAM C, Indonesia, Sumatra: Evaluation of well results An evaluation of well results to assist in the understanding the hydrocarbon accumulation and a calculation of oil-in-place, estimation of gas potential and identification of potential drilling locations for further field development

� BRIGHTON MARINE, Trinidad: Production engineering study A geophysical, geological, petrophysical, reservoir and production engineering study of a mature, 300+ wells field. The objective was to quality control the geological model, make an independent, probabilistic assessment of STOIIP/remaining reserves, and identify re-development scenarios.

� CHILE, Panama: Economic review (Coalbed Methane Projects) Economic review of potential coalbed methane projects identified in the Magallenes Basin of Chile and in eastern Panama.


20

� EKOFISK, Norway: Integrated study An integrated study incorporating new petrophysical and PVT interpretation of wells to address the uncertainty in net hydrocarbon pore volumes. The study included a review of all previous engineering, petrophysical and geological studies, the building of a definitive database and both static and dynamic field models

� SIGYN, Norway: Verification of the interpretations of well data Verification of the interpretations of well data, reservoir models, hydrocarbon-in-place and reserves estimates for the Sigyn West and Sigyn East structures, identification of the key uncertainties and sensitivities in the input parameters and assessment of the uncertainties associated with reservoir development.

� ELDFISK, Norway: Volumetrics-driven study A volumetrics-driven study comprising a new PVT study and new petrophysical interpretation of flank wells to reassess porosity and hydrocarbon saturation development in the Chalk reservoir, using the new petrophysical data to revise the existing Irap-RMS 3D reservoir model, and generation of revised STOIIP and recoverable reserves estimates.

� AASGARD, Norway: Reservoir geological study Reservoir geological study of the Are, Tilje, Ror, Ile and Not Formations of eight wells on the Smørbukk and Smørbukk Sør structures. Comprehensive facies analysis, reservoir zonation, correlation and mapping. Petrographic studies leaching to diagenetic modelling and discussion of porosity/permeability relationships.

� OSEBERG, Norway: Mapping Reservoir geological, reservoir engineering and seismic mapping of the Brent Group of Oseberg field, based on approximately 40 wells. Reservoir zonation, correlation and petrophysical parameter mapping were conducted in association with seismic mapping

� SKARVE, Norway: Sedimentological description and reservoir characterization Studies involving detailed sedimentological description and reservoir characterization of Middle Jurassic shallow marine and Cretaceous turbiditic sandstone reservoirs. These incorporated the development of a detailed field correlation scheme based on a clear understanding of the regional stratigraphic framework, identification of petrophysically consistent reservoir rock types and determination of probable sand body geometries. The study also included generation of input files for Irap-RMS models and an audit of the resultant static models to ensure consistency with the geological interpretation prior to their use for reservoir engineering


21

� TROLL, HORDA PLATFORM, Norway: Reservoir geological study A reservoir geological study of the Sognefjord, Fensfjord and Heather Formations from approximately 25 wells on the Troll structure, integrated with biostratigraphic analyses. The study, included comprehensive facies analysis, depositional modeling, reservoir zonation and correlation, was conducted in the client’s office.

� EMBLA, UK: Sedimentological reservoir geological studies Sedimentological reservoir geological studies of the pre-Jurassic reservoir of the Embla structure and adjacent off-structure wells, integrated with detailed fracture analysis. Comprehensive facies analysis and depositional modeling were used to constrain the reservoir zonation and correlation. Petrographic studies were followed by detailed diagenetic modeling.

� FORTIES, UK: Reservoir evaluation An extensive reservoir evaluation conducted during unitisation, including the integration of petrophysical, biostratigraphic, seismic, stratigraphic and sedimentological data, in order to generate an independent reservoir geological model.

� HEWETT, UK: Well study A 20 well study of the Zechsteinkalk carbonate reservoir of Hewett field and adjacent areas for development planning and economic evaluation. Core description and petrography were performed, leading to comprehensive facies analysis and depositional modeling. Diagenetic modeling was integrated with detailed fracture analysis to assess controls on permeability distribution and to assist with planning of development well location.

� HOCHLEITEN, VIENNA BASIN, Austria: Integrated reservoir modeling and simulation study An integrated reservoir modeling and simulation study on the Middle Miocene fluvial and shallow marine sandstone reservoir interval, encompassing over 35 wells within this highly faulted and fractured onshore field in the Vienna Basin. By integrating reservoir geological, 3D seismic, and production engineering data, the main aim of the study was to produce a reservoir simulation model to identify unswept oil and locations for in-field drilling of wells. This study has been completed and the results have been used in an infill drilling campaign to increase waterflood efficiency and oil recovery with considerable success.

� KARATCHOK, Syria: Static and dynamic reservoir modeling Detailed static and dynamic reservoir modelling, simulation and history match of a fractured carbonate field with some 170 wells. Fracture modelling, detailed petrophysical analysis and rock typing, 3D static model construction, simulation/history matching and forward prediction, and economics. Reservoir modelling used Petrel, simulations use Eclipse.


22

� AL HUWAISAH, Oman: Full field reservoir characterization Full field reservoir characterization of the rudistid Shuaiba reservoir, including development of a detailed sequence stratigraphic framework and rock type scheme. The study resulted in a detailed understanding of 3D facies distribution within the reservoir, providing the basis for revised STOIIP calculations and a better understanding of production heterogeneity.

� AL NOOR/AL SHOMOU, Oman: Detailed reservoir description Detailed reservoir description, fracture analysis, sedimentological and diagenetic modeling and correlation of the complex siliceous Athel reservoir in a number of structures, including full integration with the client’s reservoir geologists and reservoir engineers.

� BE, Saudi Arabia: Reservoir characterization study Reservoir characterization study of an undeveloped Middle Jurassic carbonate reservoir, including development of a sequence stratigraphic framework and reservoir layering scheme, recognition of reservoir rock types and mapping of reservoir properties.

� SHAYBAH, Saudi Arabia: Detailed description of a rudistid Shuaiba reservoir Detailed description of a rudistid Shuaiba reservoir, including analysis of over 3000 thin sections and description of over 5000 feet of core, and generation of a sequence stratigraphic framework to aid reservoir correlation

� DUKHAN, Qatar: Well study A 75 well study of the Arab D reservoir from the giant onshore Dukhan field, involving the description of all cores, integration with wireline logs, development of a comprehensive depositional model, generation of a reservoir layering scheme and fieldwide correlation. Subsequent studies, focusing on the influence/distribution of bitumen within the reservoir, entailed integration of geological, geochemical and petrophysical data throughout the field.

� SATAH, Abu Dhabi, UAE: Static and dynamic reservoir modeling Detailed static and dynamic reservoir modeling, simulation and accurate history match of a fractured carbonate field. Core description of over 30 wells, integration with detailed fracture modeling, detailed petrophysical analysis and rock typing, 3D static model construction, simulation/history matching and forward prediction. Reservoir modeling used ResFrac (RC2) and Petrel, simulation using Eclipse.

� SE CONSTANTINE BASIN, Algeria: Evaluation of oil and gas fields Evaluation of 15 oil and two gas fields/prospects in fractured Cretaceous carbonate reservoirs, Constantine Basin, Algeria. This was a fully integrated reservoir and prospect evaluation including geophysics, geology, petrophysics, reservoir engineering, drilling and well engineering, facilities engineering and detailed economic analysis.


23

� NAFOORA-AUGILA, Libya: Well reservoir geological modeling An integrated, 180 well reservoir geological modelling and petrophysical study of a complex, fractured and weathered Precambrian ‘granite’, Cretaceous alluvial to marine-reworked sandstone (Bahi/Maragh) and Upper Cretaceous (Tagrifet/Rakb) chalky to rudist-dominated carbonate reservoir system in the Sirt Basin. This study included core sedimentology, fracture analysis, diagenetic studies, facies interpretation from logs, petrophysical evaluation and interpretation, reservoir layering, depositional modelling, parameter mapping and calculation of a revised STOIIP estimate.

� SARIR L, Libya: Well reservoir geological/petrophysical study An integrated, 52 well reservoir geological/petrophysical study of a Lower Cretaceous, mainly fluvial sandstone reservoir (Sarir Sandstone) in the Sarir L field of southeast Sirt Basin, including core sedimentology, log interpretation, integration with structural geology, reservoir modeling and parameter mapping, and estimation of a revised STOIIP

� TABAQUITE, Trinidad: Geoscience and reservoir/production engineering study Integrated geoscience and reservoir/production engineering study of a large, mature field with over 150 wells. The purpose was to validate and improve the geological model, make an independent, probabilistic assessment of STOIIP/remaining reserves, and identify sites for future infill drilling.

� TROUT, Canada: Field development study A study designed to develop a comprehensive steam-assisted gravity drainage field development plan for this heavy oil field, including individual well production forecasts and a project economic analysis. The study involved construction of a 3D static model using Petrel and thermal reservoir simulation using Star. The study assessed optimum operating pressure and appropriate options for repressurising the existing gas cap.

� BARROW ISLAND, Australia: Economic valuation An economic valuation of Barrow Island field and associated exploration acreage in the Northern Carnarvon Basin of Western Australia. A data room review allowed recognition of the key value drivers and independent assessment of existing work and production forecasts. The economic model and valuation of assets was used to guide the subsequent bid application.

� VARIOUS GAS ACCUMULATIONS, Australia: Technical feasibility study Technical feasibility study of obtaining commercial production from tight gas reservoirs on concessions in Western Australia. The study indicated significant commercial potential from gas accumulations discovered (but not developed) in the 1960s through the early 1980s. A programme of work to address the technical risks and demonstrate commerciality was


24

outlined. This programme included acquiring new seismic data, picking an optimal well location, drilling a new well, testing and hydraulically fracture stimulating the well, and conducting a long-term production test.

� MOKHITOVSKOYE, Russia: Field evaluation Field evaluation and management for the Mokhitovskoye field development, conducted as an integrated geoscience, reservoir, and petroleum engineering study. This entailed construction of a geological reservoir model using all available log, core and well test data, deterministic and probabilistic reserves estimates, production profiles based on results from a reservoir simulation model, and assessment of reservoir engineering and field operations risks for economic evaluation.

� WESTERN SIBERIA, Russia: Analysis of field development plans Analysis of field development plans for a joint venture oil field development in western Siberia. The project involved evaluation of various developments plans to develop budget options for the newly formed joint stock company (Middle Nyurola, Puglalymskoye, Kluchevskoye, Khvoinoe oil fields).

7.7 Survey

� SALTCREEK OIL FIELD, Wyoming, USA: Abandoned Oil Well Detection Survey Airborne magnetic survey of a field of over 3000 wells to detect un-recorded, abandoned oil wells for proper closure before CO2 injection for enhanced oil recovery. Previously unknown wells discovered accounted for 10-20% of total wells in test area.

� ROCKY MOUNTAIN OILFIELD TEST CENTRE, Wyoming, USA: Oil Well and Pipeline Detection Survey Airborne hydrocarbon and CO2 gas detection and magnetic survey to find abandoned and/or leaking oil wells and pipelines.


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APPENDICES

COMPANY PROFILEwww.fugro.com

V1108

ContentsContents CompanyCompany

3

ProfileFugro collects and interprets data related tothe earth’s surface and the soil and rocksbeneath. On the basis of this the Companyprovides advice, generally for purposesrelated to the oil and gas industry, the miningindustry and the construction industry,including infrastructure projects.

Fugro operates around the world at sea, onland and from the air, using professional,highly specialised staff supported by advancedtechnologies and systems, many of whichhave been developed in-house.

The equipment Fugro uses to carry out itswork includes a large number of vessels, CPT(Cone Penetration Test) and drilling units andaeroplanes and helicopters as well as ROVs(Remotely Operated Vehicles) and AUVs(Autonomus Underwater Vehicles).

Fugro’s objective is to hold a leading marketposition due to its technological developmentsand quality. This requires a strong internationalor regional market presence.

IntroductionFugro represents a unique combination oftalent, technology, teamwork and tools.World-wide, the company offers a completeand high quality range of integratedgeotechnical, survey and geoscienceservices. Fugro works on land, at sea and inthe air and has international experiencestretching back for more than 40 years.

The offshore services are supplied to a globalmarket in which the oil and gas sectorpredominates. These services make use of alarge fleet of vessels. The equipment canwork in water depths up to 3,000 metres.Onshore, the services are provided to thebuilding and construction industry, inparticular for the infrastructure sector. The airborne services are provided from ourspecially adapted aircraft and are used bymining companies, oil and gas companiesand government departments.

No other company offers the expertise andrange of services that Fugro has developed.We are proud to introduce Fugro to you.

Introduction 3

Profile 4

Onshore Geotechnical Services 6

Offshore Geotechnical Services 8

International Network 10

Offshore Survey Services 12

Geospatial Services 14

Development & Production Services 16

Airborne Survey Services 18

Fugro N.V.P.O. Box 412260 AA LeidschendamVeurse Achterweg 10 2264 SG LeidschendamThe NetherlandsTelephone : +31 70 3111422Fax : +31 70 3202703www.fugro.com

2

Klaas S. Wester

President and

Chief Executive Officer

André Jonkman

Chief Financial Officer

Paul van Riel

Director

Arnold Steenbakker

Director

The key factors that contribute to the successof Fugro are quality, technology andteamwork.

QualityFugro provides services of high quality, has aproven track record and remains committedto the success of each assignment itundertakes. Our services are supported by aQuality Management System that ensures thatall activities of the Group are carried out in amanner that meets or exceeds therequirements agreed with the client. We arededicated to a high quality of service to ourclients.

Fugro has a well-earned reputation forworking in hostile environments. However, anyrisks to the health and safety of ouremployees and others involved in our projectsare minimised by our attention to accidentprevention, risk reduction, staff training andhealth monitoring. Safety ManagementSystems are in place, which are appropriateto the particular nature and location of ourvarious activities.

It is our practice to assess the impact of ouroperations on the environment and to ensureit is within prescribed limits and as low aspracticable.

TechnologyTo be able to meet the requirements of ourclients we have ongoing research anddevelopment programmes covering everyaspect of our work. The size of the Fugrogroup facilitates this and our clients share inthe advantages of input to our researchwherever they are located and our economiesof scale. Fugro brings creativity to the solvingof problems.

TeamworkThe Group’s overall policy of decentralisationallows operating companies to functionindependently and to have direct contact withclients whilst remaining able to call on theresources of the remainder of the Group.Throughout the world, the Group responds toclients’ requirements speedily and efficientlywith a full range of integrated services. Co-operation and teamwork are enhanced byjoint projects, exchange of employees andtechnologies and short management lines.

Fugro was founded in 1962 and has beenlisted on Euronext N.V. in Amsterdam since1992. The Group has more than 13,000 staffpermanently stationed in over 50 countries.

Fugro N.V. is the holding company for a largenumber of operating companies locatedthroughout the world and providing a varietyof activities. To promote the efficiency of itsoperating companies the Group’sorganisational structure is highlydecentralised. The holding company’sactivities are carried out by a limited numberof people. The operating companies enjoylarge but well controlled degrees ofindependence since much of the executiveauthority and responsibility is delegated totheir managers.

4

ProfileProfile

5

GEOTECHNICAL SERVICES

SURVEY SERVICES

GEOSCIENCE SERVICES 0-6,000 m

0-600 m

0-100 m

Earth surface

THE FUGRO GROUP

Geotechnical division Survey division Geoscience division

Investigation of and advice

regarding the physical

characteristics of the soil,

foundation design and

construction materials.

Precise positioning services,

geological advice,

topographic, hydrographic

and geological mapping and

support services for offshore

and onshore construction

projects, as well as data

management.

Acquisition, processing and

interpretation of seismic and

geological data, reservoir

modeling and estimation of

oil, gas, mineral and water

resources and the optimization

of their exploration,

development and production.

Dep

ths

6 7

Geotechnical Services - Onshore/NearshoreFugro’s network of strategically locatedoffices enables us to provide timely responsesand innovative, cost-effective solutions tomeet our clients’ needs.

Geotechnical investigationsFugro acquires geotechnical and other data tocharacterise the subsurface. Data is collectedusing a variety of in-house methods, tools andsensors ranging from cone penetration testing(CPT), geophysical methods to conventionaldrilling techniques and borehole tests. Fugrohas focused its equipment research anddevelopment on efficient methods forassessment of soil and groundwaterconditions.

Environmental investigationsFugro' s environmental services and state ofthe art data collection techniques enable ourclients to gain good insight into environmentalaspects of their projects related to soil andgroundwater.

Consultancy and Data ManagementConsultancy services and design assignmentsare related to foundations for buildings,infrastructure projects, industrial complexesand land reclamation as well as hydrologicalstudies. Moreover, Fugro has centres ofexpertise for earthquake engineering andwater retaining structures. Fugro has longexperience with the development of GeographicInformation Systems and Geo-ICT applicationsusing industry accepted systems.

Material TestingConstruction materials testing, a criticalcomponent of quality control is conducted inour regional laboratories or in field laboratoriesconstructed for major infrastructure projects.

Geo- and Structural MonitoringFugro provides site supervision, field testingand monitoring services during foundationand building construction. The monitoringsensitive or critical services when there is

construction activity nearby is often arequirement to allow project development.Instrumentation within and around excavations,foundations, tunnels and other (geotechnical)structures is carried out during the constructionprocess.

Laboratory ServicesLaboratory testing is an essential element ofour geotechnical and environmental analyses.Fugro's regional centres throughout the worldhave laboratories that are accredited tointernationally accepted standards. Testing isperformed using state-of-the-art equipmentand the latest testing standards.

Water Resources and GeohydrologyFugro offers a comprehensive approach towater and water resource management, whichincludes modeling, groundwater quality andquantity assessments and monitoring.

Pavement and Track EngineeringIn a number of countries Fugro is the leadingfirm in pavement and track evaluation tooptimise maintenance or repair strategiesand schedule condition surveys.

Geotechnical ServicesGeotechnical ServicesGeotechnical Services

OnshoreOnshoreOnshoreMajor clientsGovernment, industryand constructioncontractors

MarketLocal/regional markets

Market positionStrong regionalposition, varying percountry/region

Activities• probing, drilling and

in-situ measurement• testing the

availability andquality ofconstructionmaterials

• geotechnical andenvironmentallaboratory testing

• constructionmonitoring

• data-management• consultancy and

design assignmentsrelated tofoundations forbuildings,infrastructureprojects, industrialcomplexes and landreclamation as wellas hydrologicalstudies

Major clientsGovernment, industryand constructioncontractors

MarketLocal/regional markets

Market positionStrong regionalposition, varying percountry/region

Activities• probing, drilling and

in-situ measurement• testing the

availability andquality ofconstructionmaterials

• geotechnical andenvironmentallaboratory testing

• constructionmonitoring

• data-management• consultancy and

design assignmentsrelated tofoundations forbuildings,infrastructureprojects, industrialcomplexes and landreclamation as wellas hydrologicalstudies

8

Geotechnical ServicesGeotechnical Services

OffshoreOffshoreMarine Geotechnical InvestigationsFugro Offshore Geotechnical capabilitiesmake us the largest global supplier of marinegeotechnical services. Our fleet of dedicateddrillships enables us to provide tailoredinvestigations in all the offshore regions of theworld, from the shallow nearshore environmentto the newer deepwater plays. Our field dataacquisition capabilities are complemented byour other geotechnical services which includedesk top studies, advanced laboratory testing,numerical and physical modeling of foundationsand consultancy and engineering analyses.When these are combined with our specialistswithin Fugro who operate in the fields ofgeology, geophysics and other relatedgeosciences, Fugro can deliver the totalpackage from conceptual design, throughinstallation, operation and field abandonment.Our in-depth experience, technologicalcapability and global spread mean we canprovide optimum solutions for the design,installation and operation of offshore facilities,anywhere in the world.

Geological Consultancy and GeohazardServicesThe Fugro Global Geohazards Group providesqualitative and quantitative geohazardanalysis and risk assessment for offshore fielddevelopments. The geohazards groupcombines expertise from the survey,geotechnical and geoscience divisions, andincludes geoscientists, engineers, and otherspecialists with extensive and varied offshoreexperience. A global network of geohazardexperts with extensive experience in the fieldof geohazard identification and analysis allowsFugro to provide comprehensive geohazardassessment for offshore field developmentanywhere in the world.

Consultancy and Engineering ServicesFugro Offshore Geotechnics providesanalytical and engineering services for thedesign and installation of marine structures. A global network of geotechnical experts,standard and advanced soils testing facilities,in-house analysis programs for surface anddeep foundations, full 3-D dynamic finiteelement analysis, and foundation model testfacilities, allows Fugro Offshore Geotechnicsto provide comprehensive solutions for allfoundation and soil mechanics requirements,for coastal and offshore developments.

Basic and Advanced Soil Laboratory TestingFugro Offshore Geotechnics operates anumber of specialist soil and rock testinglaboratories worldwide. These laboratoriesoffer basic soil analysis through to the moreadvanced testing required for earthquakedesign and complex offshore structures. Oursoil laboratories are located in TheNetherlands, United Kingdom, USA (Houston),Far East, Middle East, Azerbaijan and Nigeria.All our laboratories are accreditedguaranteeing that testing and processing ofthe results are all fully quality controlled.

Foundation Analyses of Offshore StructuresFugro Offshore Geotechnics use the latestdesign methods and our own unique andcomprehensive databases on soil andstructure performance to provide safe andcost efficient solutions for our clients. Weundertake foundation and geotechnicalanalysis for the design, installation, lifeperformance, upgrades and abandonment ofall offshore structures including RenewableEnergy Structures.

Major clientsOil and gascompanies,telecommunicationscompanies,contractors

MarketGlobal market

Market positionStrong leadingposition

Activities• seabed

investigations• advising on

foundations foroffshore structures,tunnels, bridges andharbour construction

• collecting data for avariety of purposesincluding the layingof underwaterpipelines andcommunicationscables

• monitoring largestructures such asoffshore platforms,bridges and tunnels

Major clientsOil and gascompanies,telecommunicationscompanies,contractors

MarketGlobal market

Market positionStrong leadingposition

Activities• seabed

investigations• advising on

foundations foroffshore structures,tunnels, bridges andharbour construction

• collecting data for avariety of purposesincluding the layingof underwaterpipelines andcommunicationscables

• monitoring largestructures such asoffshore platforms,bridges and tunnels

9

10

International NetworkInternational Network

11

Co-ordinationThe different activities of the Group arecarried out in many places around the world.Although operating companies enjoy largedegrees of independence, they do not standor operate alone. Throughout the world thedifferent companies within each business linework closely together and co-ordinate thedeployment of resources andthe development of newservices and products.

ExchangeThere is an intensive co-operation and exchange ofinformation, equipment andstaff not only within eachbusiness line but also with the rest of theGroup. The introduction of standardprocedures, equipment and tools improvesefficiency, co-operation and exchanges. Therequirements of clients can be met quicklyand efficiently without requiring operationalcompanies to have the full range of Fugroservices available locally and without involvingadditional outside resources unnecessarily.

Integrated ProjectsMuch attention is given to optimising andstreamlining the contribution of Fugro inprojects where various services andcompanies from different countries worktogether. If required Fugro can quickly gathermany resources from other locations. Thisallows the Group to undertake large, complexintegrated projects and to be able to offerFugro services as a seamless one-stop-shop.

13

Positioning ServicesThe precise determination of position isfundamental to all successful survey andengineering operations at sea. Fugro providesa range of decimetre accuracy positioningservices both on the sea surface, using Starfix Differential GPS, and beneath the

waves using specialist underwater positioningsystems. Fugro’s satellite-based services areused by the offshore oil industry to preciselyposition ships, rigs, platforms and otherinstallations. Derivative services serve othermarine activities, including defence,telecommunications, dredging and othermarine civil engineering projects, vesseltracking and fleet management.

Construction Support Services Innovative technological solutions, a highlyskilled workforce and a track record of successworking with the major construction companies,makes Fugro the company of choice for theprovision of offshore construction surveysupport services. Fugro’s specialist surveyvessels are equipped with a comprehensivearray of systems, along with work class andsurvey class ROVs (Remotely OperatedVehicles), capable of supporting a variety ofsubsea tasks.

Geophysical SurveysDetailed surveys and assessments of theseabed and sub-seabed are critical to thecost-effective design of marine structures andsubsea installations. Fugro’s internationalfleet of strategically located geophysicalsurvey vessels and state of the art AUVs(Autonomous Underwater Vehicles) providecost effective data acquisition covering allwater depths.

Pipeline Route SurveysDetailed corridor mapping surveys allowengineers to design cost-efficient, practicaland safe routes for the installation of oil andgas pipelines, flowlines, umbilicals andtelecommunication cables. High resolutiongeophysical surveys with seabed sampling

and testing from Fugro's vessels and AUVspermit detailed examination of the seafloortopography and provide information on theseabed structure.

ROV Intervention, Survey and InspectionPredominantly designed and built in-house tofulfil the full range of service demands of ourglobal client base, the Fugro ROV fleetincludes some of the most technologicallyadvanced, deep water, systems availabletoday. Operating from drilling rigs, constructionbarges, specialist intervention vessels orFugro ROV support vessels, we have the ROVcapability to match the need. In base form,the Work Class ROVs are outfitted with both 7and 5 function manipulators, navigationcameras, lights, sonar and enough developedbollard pull to operate in the most demandingof environments.

Oceanography and Meteorology A good understanding of oceanographic and meteorological (metocean) conditionsreduces uncertainty in engineeringspecifications, provides help in operationalplanning, leads to reduced costs, and enhances safety and operational efficiency. Fugro is the global leader in the provision of commercial metocean services.

12

Survey ServicesSurvey Services

OffshoreOffshoreMajor clientsOil and gascompanies,telecommunicationscompanies

MarketGlobal market

Market positionLeading position

Activities• positioning services

using GPS (terrestrial)and acoustic(underwater) sytems

• geophysical surveysto map shallowgeological featuresand hazards

• route and siteinvestigations(pipeline and cables)

• marine constructionsurvey support

• acoustic and visualpipeline inspectionsurveys

• oceanographic andmetoceanmeasurements andstudies

• LiDAR system• ROV support

services

Major clientsOil and gascompanies,telecommunicationscompanies

MarketGlobal market

Market positionLeading position

Activities• positioning services

using GPS (terrestrial)and acoustic(underwater) sytems

• geophysical surveysto map shallowgeological featuresand hazards

• route and siteinvestigations(pipeline and cables)

• marine constructionsurvey support

• acoustic and visualpipeline inspectionsurveys

• oceanographic andmetoceanmeasurements andstudies

• LiDAR system• ROV support

services

14

Survey ServicesSurvey Services

Geospatial ServicesGeospatial Services

15

Geospatial ServicesFugro’s geospatial business comprisesterrestrial survey, airborne sensing andmapping, GNSS augmentation, andgeographic information services. We offercomplete solutions related to the acquisition,interpretation, and presentation of geospatialdata, as well as satellite-based position andtracking systems.

Terrestrial SurveyFugro staff carry out conventional land surveyactivities for cadastral and property surveys.

Airborne Sensing and MappingFugro’s dedicated fleet of fixed- and rotary-wing aircraft operate worldwide to collectdetailed information about the earth’s surface.Our sophisticated airborne imaging, laser, andradar mapping systems serve customers inengineering, natural resources management,environmental stewardship, land-useplanning, defense, and disaster responseapplications.

FLI-MAPFugro’s FLI-MAP® system (Fast LaserImaging and Mapping Airborne Platform) is ahigh-density lidar mapping system mountedon a helicopter. It is ideally suited forsurveying corridors such as railroad tracks,electricity lines, pipelines, as well as confinedareas such as city centers and oilrefineries.The helicopter can easily accessremote or dangerous locations withoutendangering survey crews.

GeoSAROperating day or night and penetratingclouds and foliage, Fugro’s GeoSAR radarmapping system rapidly produces high-resolution DEMs and radar imagery overregions previously considered inaccessibledue to weather, size, and terrain. GeoSAR’sproducts support a variety of applications,including topographic mapping, floodmodeling, environmental protection,economic development, forestry, agriculture,oil and gas exploration, and archeology.

GNSS AugmentationFugro develops and operates satellite-basedposition and tracking system and offersprovisions for related services worldwide.Accurate real-time positioning is a crucialelement of many of Fugro’s survey,geoscience and geotechnical operations. Ourworldwide GPS augmentation infrastructuresupports both internal and external users.

Geospatial Information ServicesFugro offers a wide range of GIS,visualization, and 3D modeling capabilitiesdesigned to help customers betterunderstand and manage land, physicalinfrastructure, and natural resources.

Major clientsGovernment, oil & gas,rail, utilities, engineers,asset managers,defence, emergencyservices, mining &construction.

MarketGlobal/regional/ local markets

Market positionStrong position incertain regions

Activities• traditional land survey• engineering,

construction andmining surveys

• topographic surveys• mapping and map

revision• GPS control surveys• dimensional control

and structuralmonitoring

• aerial imageryacquisition andprocessing

• digital mapping• GIS solutions• geo-spatial data

registration andmanagement

• FLI-MAP corridor laser mapping

• fixed-wing laser mapping (LiDAR)

• coastal and near coastal laser mapping (laser bathymetry)

• regulatory & ecologicalassessment surveys

Major clientsGovernment, oil & gas,rail, utilities, engineers,asset managers,defence, emergencyservices, mining &construction.

MarketGlobal/regional/ local markets

Market positionStrong position incertain regions

Activities• traditional land survey• engineering,

construction andmining surveys

• topographic surveys• mapping and map

revision• GPS control surveys• dimensional control

and structuralmonitoring

• aerial imageryacquisition andprocessing

• digital mapping• GIS solutions• geo-spatial data

registration andmanagement

• FLI-MAP corridor laser mapping

• fixed-wing laser mapping (LiDAR)

• coastal and near coastal laser mapping (laser bathymetry)

• regulatory & ecologicalassessment surveys

Seismic and GravitySeismic surveys continue to be the fundamentaltechnology to seek out oil and gas reservoirsand to determine subsurface structure. Fugro’sseismic business operates within the marineenvironment for 2D, 3D and 4D acquisitionwhilst the processing and interpretation

business lines cover all aspects of land andmarine data. In addition to seismic, Fugroprovides full services for marine gravity andmagnetics data. Proprietary software solutionsare applied both on board and in full processingcentres. To obtain maximum value from seismicand gravity data, Fugro offers a completerange of software for integrated interpretationwith geophysical, geological and well data.

Exploration ServicesFugro’s exploration services combine theexpertise from the key disciplines of seismicand non-seismic geophysics, and structuraland petroleum geology supported, asrequired, by specialists’ skills (stratigraphers,geochemists, sedimentologists,petrophysicists, reservoir engineers andeconomists). Fugro provides a full service inall aspects of exploration including basin andprospect evaluation.

Reservoir ServicesReservoir services assist in developing oil andgas reservoirs through the integration of well,geologic and seismic data, application ofadvanced reservoir characterisationtechnology, reservoir modelling and fielddevelopment planning. Fugro’s geoscience reservoir services draw on extensive

geological, geophysical, petrophysical and engineering skills combined with uniqueintegrated subsurface interpretation and modeling software. The objective is tosubstantially reduce the risks and costsassociated with field appraisal, developmentand production.

Non-Exclusive DataFugro acquires and maintains large, globaldatabases of a wide range of non-exclusivedata in support of oil and gas exploration. The global databases include petroleumsystems based on data sets of geochemical,sedimentological, stratigraphic, fields andlicenses information. Further, a wide range ofdata reports is available in support of newventures. In the geophysical data area, Fugrohas a vast global library of acquired seismicand gravity data and reprocessed seismicdata. To further complement its proprietarydata, Fugro also offers global data brokerageservices.

Data ManagementFugro has, through its core-operations,developed a strong technical focus ondata management. These secureservices employ proprietary, state-of-the-art solutions and cover specialistareas such as web based technologies,GIS and knowledge management.These technologies are applied inFugro’s global data warehousingservices.

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Geoscience ServicesGeoscience Services

Development & ProductionDevelopment & ProductionMajor clientsOil and gas companies

MarketGlobal market

Market positionStrong leading nichepositions

Activities• marine seismic,

gravity/magneticsdata acquisition,processing andinterpretation

• exploration services• reservoir services

(integrated reservoircharacterisation)

• non-exclusivesurveys, reports anddata sets

• data managementand GIS services

Major clientsOil and gas companies

MarketGlobal market

Market positionStrong leading nichepositions

Activities• marine seismic,

gravity/magneticsdata acquisition,processing andinterpretation

• exploration services• reservoir services

(integrated reservoircharacterisation)

• non-exclusivesurveys, reports anddata sets

• data managementand GIS services

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Geoscience ServicesGeoscience Services

Airborne surveyAirborne surveyAirborne Survey ServicesThe Airborne group has over 25 aircraft world-wide equipped with magnetometersand gamma-ray spectrometers, a further fiveaircraft with dedicated electromagnetic (EM)systems, as well as numerous helicopter EMand magnetometer installations. A recentinnovation has been the expansion of the fleetto include unmanned airborne vehicles (UAVs)equipped with magnetometers. The Group’smain offices are located in Australia, Brazil,Canada and South Africa.

Geological Mapping and PetroleumSurveysThe magnetometer and gamma-rayspectrometer installations are typically usedfor resource inventory mapping surveys,mineral exploration and structural mapping forpetroleum surveys. Fugro has completed largemapping projects in Africa, Australia and theAmericas to assist in geological mapping inareas where there is limited outcrop. Usingaeromagnetics, the underlying structure canbe mapped to depths of several kilometres toassist the petroleum geologist in planningfollow-up seismic surveys. Recently,electromagnetic surveying has been used formapping shallow gas deposits inpaleochannels.

Mineral ExplorationIn addition to the use of aeromagnetics toassist in geological mapping,electromagnetics plays an important role inlocating conductive mineral deposits such asmassive sulphides (base metals and preciousmetals), as well as locating diamond-bearingkimberlites. Fugro develops and manufacturesits own EM equipment that is eitherpermanently installed on the five dedicatedaircraft, or can be installed on a helicopter.Depending on the system used, the depth ofexploration can range from near surface toover 500 metres. The EM data can beinverted to create cross sections of thesubsurface as an interpretation tool.

Environmental and Geotechnical SurveysBoth magnetic and electromagnetictechniques can be used to help solveenvironmental problems such ascontaminated waste sites (pollutionassociated with mine tailings ponds), aquifermapping for water resources, and salineintrusion in rural agricultural settings. Inaddition, Fugro’s proprietary EM technologyhas been used for shallow bathymetricmapping in areas such as Australia’s Sydneyharbour and to provide geotechnicalinformation on flood defences. Its proprietarymagnetic technology has been used for thelocation of unexploded ordnance in militarytest ranges.

Major clientsMining and oil and gascompanies

MarketGlobal market

Market positionStrong leading position

Activities• mineral and diamond

exploration• location of aquifers

for water, and salinelayer detection foragriculture

• structural mappingfor oil and gasdeposits, as well asshallow gasexploration

• environmental andengineering surveysand shallowbathymetric mapping

• collection ofgeophysical data(including advancedmagnetic, gamma-ray spectrometerand electromagneticmethods) to assist inthe creation ofgeological maps

Major clientsMining and oil and gascompanies

MarketGlobal market

Market positionStrong leading position

Activities• mineral and diamond

exploration• location of aquifers

for water, and salinelayer detection foragriculture

• structural mappingfor oil and gasdeposits, as well asshallow gasexploration

• environmental andengineering surveysand shallowbathymetric mapping

• collection ofgeophysical data(including advancedmagnetic, gamma-ray spectrometerand electromagneticmethods) to assist inthe creation ofgeological maps

www.fugro-fsi.comNo other company offers the same comprehensive range of Geotechnical, Survey and Geoscience services.

Processing Services - Overview

MGIVA velocity analysis system

Image courtesy: FMCS

Image courtesy: Shell Australia

From the time processing of field data, through structural and stratigraphic inversion, to production focused offerings such as reservoir monitoring, Fugro Seismic Imaging [FSI] offers a full range of processing and analysis service in the time, depth and attribute domains for 2D, 3D and 4D datasets from marine, land and transition zone environments.

Service offerings include: • Data Processing: From Field Tapes to final Migrations • Structural Inversion: Depth–domain modelling and migration • Amplitude Analysis: AVO analysis and interpretation • Reservoir monitoring: 4D/time-lapse processing and analysis • Seismic Inversion: Acoustic and Elastic Impedance Inversion

FSI’s data processing services - the generation of high-resolution seismic sections and volumes - are based upon a highly experienced and dedicated team of geophysicists backed by continuing investment in both software development and system resources. Through this intensive and on-going investment, FSI has the software, hardware and experience to deliver world class geophysical results. FSI, globally active with processing centres worldwide, has the presence, resources and flexibility to tailor its operation from the requirements of an individual asset team to corporate partnerships.

Time-domain processing services: FSI commenced data processing operations in the early 1970’s and in the course of nearly forty years of continuous operations, has acquired a wealth of global experience and expertise in the processing of datasets from land, marine, transition zone, OBC and borehole environments. Service options for the processing of data cover both standard workflows, as well as a number of specialised/ proprietary offerings such as GeoQube and High-Resolution Short-Offset.

Structural inversion and depth imaging: FSI has successfully undertaken pre-Stack Depth Migration projects from many offshore areas including the Gulf of Mexico, deep-water Brazil, the UK, Norwegian and Dutch sectors of the North Sea, West Africa, the Mediterranean, Australia and Indonesia. Recent onshore projects have come from the UK, Europe, India, Pakistan and Africa.

4D/Time-lapse analysis: 4D/time-lapse technology addresses a wide variety of reservoir management issues, including detection of by-passed hydrocarbons and any associated issues of sub-surface compartmentalization, monitoring waterflood & steam injection programs, CO2 sequestration monitoring.

Amplitude-versus-offset/angle analysis: FSI offers AVO/AVA analysis of 2D and 3D seismic data, for purposes of fluid and lithological prediction. A wide range of approaches are available including Shuey, Smith & Gidlow, Fatti and Aki & Richards for the generation of attributes such as normal incidence, gradient/constrained gradient, P- & S-wave reflectivity, fluid factor and pseudo-Poisson’s ratio.

Seismic Inversion: Projects have been undertaken for both exploration and appraisal purposes as well as generating the precursor products for lithotyping studies, reservoir characterization and geological modelling.

Processing services are primarily based on FSI’s proprietary software, in particular, Uniseis and MGIVA. With a thirty-five year history of continuous development, regularly re-written to take advantage of the latest developments in IT, Uniseis is one of the seismic industry’s most extensive, robust and highly field-proven processing systems.

FSI is a leading geophysical contractor and, as part of the Fugro Geoscience Division, an integral member of one of the world’s largest and most progressive geoscience service organizations.

Image courtesy: Crown Minerals, New Zealand

Creation of the modelA typical starting point for model creation would be the ‘Dix-conversion’ of an existing RMS velocity field. Best-practice constrains the inversion to avoid unstable and, potentially, non-physical interval velocity solutions emerging. First, an overall velocity trend field is established, calibrated using well log data. The results are then interpolated/extrapolated to produce a regular and finely spaced grid of interval velocities. A key element of FSI depth modelling workflows is the incorporation of corrections for anisotropic effects. Wireline data is combined with seismic data to derive values for anisotropic parameters.

UpdatingTomography, layer-based or grid, is the most commonly employed methodology for updating and improving interval velocity/depth models. The degree of non-flatness observed in primary events is quantified, allowing corrections to velocity and/or depth are established.

Constrained conversion: RMS to Interval

Minimize cost function: tomography

Update model

Finalize

Intermediate caclulations, as required

Post-Migration processing


Depth Processing

Optimised processing velocities

Combine velocities and interpretations: Initial isotropic model

Simplified Depth workflow

Combine with borehole data: Initial anisotropic model

Iteratively: Image TO lines

Quantify cost-function to be minimized

Image full volume

ImagingFSI also offers a wide variety of migration algorithms, both proprietary and third-party. Algorithms include Kirchhoff, Wavefield Extrapolation (WE) and common-reflection angle. In addition, FSI R&D are currently engaged in developing a number of high-end algorithms, such as Reverse Time.

Comparison: pre-STM vs. pre-SDM

Correctly processed, time-lapse volumes can provide quantitative estimates of dynamic reservoir properties, with associated uncertainty analyses. By integrating this information with other geoscience and engineering data, improved models, both static and dynamic, can be created. Reservoir management decisions are more informed with consequent benefits for the future performance of the asset.

4D/time-lapse technology addresses a wide variety of reservoir management issues, including: - detection of by-passed hydrocarbons - monitoring waterflood & steam injection programs - CO2 sequestration monitoring - sub-surface compartmentalization

A number of tools are available to reservoir management teams for optimization of the value of the asset. 3D seismic collected over the course of the field development provides a dataset of high potential value. However, there are a number of factors, ranging from the choice of seismic acquisition parameters (for example, towed streamer versus OBC), the intrinsics of the geology to the nature of the reservoir fluids which mean that the realization of this potential value is not guaranteed.

FSI has a toolkit of software and methodologies for assessing, in a quantified manner, whether the asset is likely to benefit from time-lapse analysis. These range in sophistication from a simple spreadsheet analysis to a full feasibility study, involving production scenario modelling, seismic reinterpretation, uncertainty analysis and risk assessment.

4D/time-lapse processing flows are designed to minimize the differential impact of the flow on the individual datasets. Where differences are observed, their origin needs to be identified and understood. In practice, this involves the application of both additional quality control metrics over conventional 3D processing and also of convergence tests. The aim is to progressively eliminate all differences unrelated to production. Completed correctly, all differences should have their origins in such factors as fluid movement, pressure and saturation changes. In outline: - simultaneous processing of base and monitor volumes - continuous cross-volume assessment - quantification of differences between volumes - identification of their possible causes - rectification/elimination of spurious effects - confirm convergence away from reservoir/target zone

The imaged volumes are now subject to post-processing and analysis. First and foremost will be the quantification of reservoir property changes and the generation of ‘difference maps’ at the reservoir level. Typical uses of these would be in the mapping of by-passed hydrocarbons, to monitor waterflood/steam injection programs and provide the basis for a detailed study of sub-surface compartmentalization.

The reflectivity data, both pre- and post-stack, can be further used as input to a variety of post-processing studies, under the general heading of inversion. By combining the seismic data with other geoscience datasets, such as core analyses, fluid samples, PVT data, borehole seismic & well logs, quantitative estimates of such reservoir attributes as pressure and saturation can be derived, along with associated uncertainties, allowing an appropriate weight to be put on their contribution.

4D projects have been performed by FSI for fields in the Gulf of Mexico, Brazil, West Africa, the UK and Norwegian sectors of the North Sea and Australia. Studies have also been conducted over onshore assets in the US (Texas and California), Canada, Saudi Arabia and Indonesia.

Geology: Identification of sub-surface features such as large fractures, faults and karst features which can cause drilling and production problems.


4D / Time-lapse

Engineering

Geology

Geophysics

Engineering: Generation of property maps such as pressure and saturation will allow improved prediction of flow patterns.

Geophysics: Analysis of changes in p-wave amplitudes with azimuth can be used to infer the orientation of dominant fractures.

www.fugro-jason.com

Far greater vertical detail than available from standard seismic

inversions

Integration of high resolution well data with low resolution

3D seismic

High vertical detail near and away from well control

Generation of reservoir models with geologically plausible

shapes

Quantification of uncertainty toassess risk

Generation of highly-detailed petrophysical models ready for

input to reservoir flow simulation

StatMod MC

Realistic, Highly Detailed 3D Numerical Models of Rock and Reservoir PropertiesStatMod™ MC combines geostatistics and advanced statistical physics with innovative seismic inversion methods to integrate disparate data from multiple sources and generate reservoir models that can be used to reliably quantify uncertainty for risk assessment and reduction.

StatMod MC goes beyond traditional geostatistics and seismic inversion to:

Integrate high resolution well data with low resolution 3D seismic

Improve the vertical detail over deterministic seismic inversions

Produce reservoir property models with geologically-plausible shapes

Quantify model uncertainty for scenario analysis and risk assessment

Generate highly detailed petrophysical models ready for input to reservoir flow simulation

With StatMod MC, geologists, geophysicists and other geoscientists can build highly detailed realistic 3D numerical reservoir models with more accurate estimates of uncertainty and less bias.

JOINT INVERSION OF IMPEDANCE AND LITHOFACIES

StatMod MC simultaneously inverts for impedance and discrete property types, or lithofacies, instead of taking a two-step approach as is done by conventional inversion and geomodelling algorithms. Not only does simulating lithofacies and impedance realisations in one sweep save time as opposed to doing so sequentially, it also enhances the accuracy of the results as significant synergies between the two can be leveraged during the inversion. Once such highly detailed models of impedance and lithofacies have been generated, any number of additional petrophysical properties (e.g. porosity) can be jointly cosimulated from them.

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Comparison of the amount of detail in seismic data, deterministic inversion, and StatMod MC. For larger bodies, StatMod MC agrees with the deterministic inversion as expected, but StatMod MC provides far more detail on thin layers beyond the seismic bandwidth.

www.fugro-jason.com© Fugro-Jason. All Rights Reserved. All product names and trademarks are property of their respective owners.

A4I7

HOW IT WORKS

The way StatMod MC conceptually works is deceptively simple and consists of the following steps:

Statistical Modelling. Each source of input information (e.g., wells, cores, seismic) is represented in the form of a probability distribution function (PDF) characterised in geostatistical terms (histograms and variograms). The histograms and variograms are obtained from log analysis, rock physics modelling and geological insight. The histograms define the likelihood of different values at any given point, while the variograms give essentially the ‘characteristic scale’ and texture of the geological features in lateral and vertical directions.

Bayesian Inference. Bayesian inference techniques are used to merge these individual PDFs together and obtain a posterior PDF conditioned on all known and assumed information. This posterior PDF represents the overlap between all of the input PDFs—think of it as some sort of ‘evidence fusion’. The advantage of this approach is that the weight assigned to each input data source is automatically determined by the algorithm, thus removing subjectivity.

Inversion and Cosimulation. A customized Markov Chain Monte Carlo algorithm is used to obtain statistically fair samples from the posterior PDF. A fair sample in this case means volumes of rock and reservoir properties of interest (e.g., P-impedance, lithotype, porosity, water saturation). Because all of the input data is effectively inverted simultaneously, significant synergies can be exploited, thus producing models that are of greater detail, accuracy and realism than otherwise possible. The Geostatistical Inversion and cosimulation procedures are iterated until a model is found that matches all information, from geological expectations to well logs, seismic, and production history.

Uncertainty Assessment. Estimates of uncertainty are made by producing a series of slightly different realizations and scenarios. Different realisations are produced by repeating the above steps with different random seeds. Different scenarios are produced by targeting the uncertainty in the more sensitive parameters. Together, such analyses give an intuitive and accurate handle on development risk and uncertainty, given what is known about the subsurface.

UNCERTAINTY

Geostatistical Inversion makes it possible to generate multiple predictions, each of which honours the known input information and is a plausible model of what the reservoir might look like. This is a significant advantage. Multiple plausible predictions provide an intuitive understanding of uncertainty associated with any given model.

An accurate understanding of uncertainty is critical for risk assessment, scenario analyses and sensitivity analyses. These evaluations depend on the ability to identify which data sources are most likely to reduce the overall uncertainty prediction and to properly weight redundant data. For example, well data is almost always preferentially clustered in higher pay areas. The redundancy of the information coming from such wells needs to be properly accounted for in order to avoid biasing the predictions. Once uncertainty is adequately captured, different realisations and scenarios can be ranked--only then can risk be evaluated and informed decisions be made.

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2.

3.

4.

www.fugro-jason.com

AVA Geostatistical Inversion

Reservoir Identification Maps and Models of Lithofacies

at Fine Scale Detail

Features Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) Technology

Reservoir Property Indication: Lithology,

Velocity, Fluid Saturations

Reservoir Quality Indication Maps and Models of Reservoir

Porosity, Net-to-Gross Maps, Net Pay Thickness Maps

Realistic Uncertainty Analysis as all realisations

honour all input data

Economic Risk Assessment Probability Models (P10, P50,

P90, for example) based on Multiple Realisation Modelling

RockMod

RockMod Geostatistical AVA InversionRockModTM forms the core of the newest Fugro-Jason Reservoir Characterisation consultancy offering. This service is based on a new algorithm, our sixth major algorithmic innovation since the company’s founding 20 years ago.

Our approach to Reservoir Characterisation and Modelling has always been to combine as much data and information about the reservoir as possible into a single model of the earth. RockMod combines Simultaneous AVA (angle stacks) and Geostatistical Inversion in a single algorithm, yielding a model of the reservoir that is unparalleled in accuracy and detail.

In essence, RockMod is “knowledge-constrained” geologic model building. It uses Markov-Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) simulation methods to build a series of highly detailed numerical models of the reservoir zone that all agree with all of the input data, including (pre-stack) seismic amplitude data, well logs, petrophysical relationships, and geologic inferences about reservoir trends, shape, thickness, and lateral extent.

ROCKMOD BENEFITS

The resulting models are plausibly detailed at fine scale sampling, yet also provide coherent interpretations at the seismic scale, and on up to the km scale.

Informational synergies (geostatistical and other relationships) allow substantial increases in detail - details well beyond the seismic bandwidth.

The lithology cube output from RockMod facilitates “automatic interpretation/body-checking” for reservoir units. With this capability, more accurate geologic models can be built in half the time and are easily updated with new wells.

By providing multiple, realistic scenarios, RockMod gives both tangible and intuitive indications of development risk.

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RockModProject

WorkflowCustomerInputs

OutputsOOutputu uts

ComputedInputs

Horizons

Well logs

Constraints/Stratigraphic

ModelVariograms

LithologyLogs

Histogramsgrams

C

SeismicAVA Stack 2

SeismicAVA Stack 1

Stack 2Wavelet

Stack 1Wavelet

SeismicAVA Stack n

SeismicAVA Stack 3

Stack nWavelet

Stack 3Wavelet

P-ImpedanceS-Impedance

Density

Vp/Vs

Lithology

MuRhoLambdaRho

Fluids andSaturations


Density

Vp/Vs

Lithology

MuRhoLambdaRho



Density

Vp/Vs

Lithology

MuRhoLambdaRho



Density

Vp/VsVp/VsMuRho

LLithologyyFFFFlFlFluFluFlFluFluFlu ddsiddsidids aannnanaann anandddddddddddddSaturationsFFlFlFluFluFluFFlulluuuiii dddddds aannnddddd

Lithology

MuRhoLambdaRho


RockMod AVAGeostatistical

Inversion

www.fugro-jason.com© Fugro-Jason. All Rights Reserved.

“When we mapped the[RockMod] attributes on different

horizons, the shapes we sawfor the anomalies were the

way you would expect. The geomorphology looked correct

and we obtained much more detail than what we were

getting previously.”

- Anadarko Petroleum

All product names and trademarks are property of their respective owners.

A4H7

Images courtesy of Anadarko Petroleum Corporation and The University of Texas at Austin Research Consortium on Formation Evaluation.

RockMod produces models with significantly higher vertical resolution than is possible using deterministic methods.

The RockMod results for this deepwater GOM field show

geobodies with the shape and lateral continuity expected in this

geologic setting.

MCMC

MCMC is well suited for inversion problems. Other Geostatistical Inversion methods that use sequential simulation aren’t and can’t be statistically correct. This is because the approximations on which sequential simulation is based break down once the grid has been filled.

RockMod was used to find the porosity distribution in this West Texas field.

Seismic Data

RockModPorosity Model

Strong wavelet effects atlayer boundaries

Identifable prospects at boundary interfaces

Three porosity layers identified

~3km

300m 500m

GammaRay

Low

High

P-W

ave

Impe

danc

e

The Technical Services Group at FRL offers the following expertise, either independently or in collaborationwith the Exploration, Reservoir and Geophysics/Structural Geology Groups:

www.fugro-robertson.com

BIOSTRATIGRAPHY

Wellsite and routine stratigraphic services(micropalaeontology, palynology andnannofossils)High resolution reservoir stratigraphySequence stratigraphic evaluationPalaeoenvironmental analysisBiosteering (Stratsteer™) of horizontal wells(clastic and carbonate)Post -comple t ion hor izonta l we l lpa thdeterminationStratigraphy to Seismic (StS™)

CORE MAGNETICS

Core re-orientationSand source directions and sandbodygeometryFracture orientationsMicrofracture network characterisation usingMagpore™ methodPermeability anisotropy using Magpore™methodMagnetostratigraphyRock magnetic propertiesn situ stress determination

CHEMOSTRATIGRAPHY

Inorganic geochemical analysis by XRF, ICPor QEMSCAN™Correlation of barren sequences where otherstratigraphic techniques are poorComplement conventional biostratigraphy tomaximise resolutionHigh resolution sequence stratigraphyFacies description and analysisUnderstand diagenet ic changes anddepositional historyIndividual well to basin scaleLayering for input into static modellingWellsite (Chemsteer™) and in-countryapplicationsModel changes in provenance

Maximum permeabilitydirection, determined frompore long axis alignment

Maximum permeabilitydirection, determined by

direct measurements

Coloured porelong axis

distribution,determined byMAGPORE™

Magpore™ helps you “Go with the flow...”

GEOCHEMISTRY

Reservoir geochemical correlation studiesSource rock quality and distribution studiesMaturity determination using kerogen and apatitefission track studiesThermal and migration modelling in 1D, 2D and 3DOil correlation studies for generative petroleum systemsevaluationSource rock prediction from logsSurface geochemistryOil storeMicrobial geochemistry

SEDIMENTOLOGY

Core and outcrop descriptionHigh resolution sequence stratigraphyReservoir quality (clastic and carbonate including chalkyfacies)High resolution facies architecture (clastic andcarbonate)Petrographic and diagenetic studiesSpecialist diagenetic studies (SEM, CL, XRD, fluidinclusions)Quantitative pore size distribution (image analysis)SGR correlation (Gammastrat™ and Gammafacies™)High resolution core petrophysics - Core-PET™High resolution FMI interpretation and upscaling intoseismicFull field correlation input for reservoir modellingDrainage network analysis and hinterland modelling

PETROLEUM LABORATORIES

Petroleum geochemistry, including rock eva/6 sourcerock evaluations (>300,000 samples processed to date)Biostratigraphic sample preparationPetrographic sample preparationHotshot serviceWellsite laboratory support

QEMSCAN™Quantitative evaluation of minerals by scanningelectron microscopy12000 mineral analyses per minute24 hour operationObjective discrimination of mineral types using robuststatistical softwareChemostratigraphyMicrofossil targeting and imagingRock properties (including porosity and specific gravityevaluation)Rapid cuttings analysis/screening

FUGRO ROBERTSON

Environmental Impact Studies (EIS)

Why Environmental ImpactAssessment in DevelopmentConsent Procedures?

Environmental Impact Assessment(EIA) is mandatory for all public andprivate projects which are likely to havesignificant adverse effects on the en-vironment. Therefore EIA is required forall projects funded by internationalfinancial lending institutions such asIFC, IBRD, EDF, UNIDO and so on.EIA aims to assess the effects of pro-jects in order to avoid, reduce, mitigateand, if possible, remedy the significantadverse effects on health, social andsocio-economic conditions of man,landscape, fauna, flora, soil, water, air,climatic factors and material assets aswell as archaeological heritages. Thesignificance of the effects depend onthe nature, design, size and location ofthe project. Projects which often requirean EIA are quarries and open-pit mines,construction of oil platforms and crude-oil refineries, installations for storageand pipelines for the transport of gas,oil or chemical products, construction ofoverhead electrical power lines and forlong-distance traffic (railways, motor-ways, inland waterways), constructionof airports and waste disposal instal-lations.

General Information

According to national legislation of eachcountry most projects must undergo adevelopment consent procedure andEIA is a necessary part of that proce-dure. In order to realize a project thedeveloper has to make an applicationfor development consent. Normally thedeveloper submits the environmentalinformation to the competent authori-ties together with the application fordevelopment consent. The applicationincludes a technical plan for the con-struction work and an EnvironmentalImpact Study (EIS).The EIA procedure comprises three dif-ferent stages: screening, scoping andthe EIS. All stages are undertaken bythe developer’s EIS team.

Consultancy and Preparation ofScreening-Reports

Screening is the part of the EIA processwhich determines whether an EIA isrequired for a particular project. Thecompetent authority must make thedecision on the basis of the project in-formation provided by the developer/applicant and the EIS team. Most coun-tries established statutory thresholdsand criteria for projects below whichEAI is not required. But if a project for

Environmentalobjectives ofthe EIA

the first time meets or exceeds definedthresholds an EAI must be carried out.Thresholds may help in the decisionmaking process but in most cases it isnot easy to determine whether a pro-ject is likely to have significant effectson the environment, especially whenthere are just changes in existing in-stallations. Very often the EIA require-ment must be considered on a case-by-case decision. Site assessment anda compilation of environmental dataare necessary to identify sensitive loca-tions and protected areas.

Consultancy and Preparation ofScoping-Reports

Scoping is an early stage in the pro-cess and is designed to ensure that theenvironmental study provides all the re-levant information. Scoping will identifythe matters to be covered in the envi-ronmental information and specifiesthe content and the extend of the ne-cessary investigations. It defines the»scope« of work for the developer andhis EIA-team to be submitted to thecompetent authority and the terms of

reference for the environmental studiesto be undertaken to compile that infor-mation.In most countries Scoping is not mademandatory but the developer may re-quest a Scoping Opinion from the competent authority. In preparing theScoping Opinion, there will be consul-tations with the environmental authori-ties. After consultations the competent au-thority will then issue a Scoping Opi-nion to the developer which forms theterms of reference for the EIS. TheScoping Opinion identifies the types ofenvironmental impacts to be investiga-ted. They may also cover:· alternatives which should be consi-

dered;· baseline surveys and investigations

which should be carried out;· methods and criteria to be used for

prediction and evaluation of effects;· mitigation measures which should be

considered;· organisations to be consulted during

the environmental studies;· the structure, content and length of

the environmental information (EIS).

Consultancy and Preparation ofEnvironmental Impact Studies (EIS)

The information which is to be providedby the developer and his EIA-team in-clude at least:1. Description of the project,

· a description of the physical cha-racteristics of the whole project

Mining Area: subject to Environmetal Impact Assessement (EIA) andEnvironmental Management Plan (EMP)

bald eagle orchid (lady’s-slipper) lizard


Key stages of developement consent procedure with Environmetal ImpactAssessement (EIA) and Environmental Management Plan (EMP)

ring snake frigate birdfly agaric

and the land-use requirements du-ring the construction and operatio-nal phases,

· a description of the main charac-teristics of the production pro-cesses, for instance, nature andquantity of the materials used,

· an estimate, by type and quanti-ty, of expected residues and emis-sions (water, air and soil pollu-tion, noise, vibration, light, heat,radiation, etc.) resulting from theoperation of the proposed pro-ject.

2. Outline of the main alternatives3. Description of the aspects of the

environment likely to be significantlyaffected by the proposed project,

4. Description and an evaluation of thelikely significant effects of the propo-sed project on the environment

5. Description of the measures envisa-ged to prevent, reduce and offsetsignificant effects on the environ-ment

6. Non-technical summary of the infor-mation provided under the aboveheadings.

Profile of Services provided byFUGRO

FUGRO CONSULT GMBH offers with-in its wide range of environmentalconsultancy services a complete pa-ckage for development consent pro-cedures and environmental impactstudies for nearly all project-types, in-cluding screening and scoping reportsas well as baseline data collection, fieldsurveys, laboratory analyses, ecolo-gical mapping and preparing Envi-ronmental Management Plans (EMP).Our major clients are the mining sectorand the chemical/gas/oil industry aswell as developers of infrastructureprojects all over the world. FUGROoperates worldwide in association withtheir network of regional FUGRO of-fices.The preparation of an EIS requires amulti-disciplinary approach because ofthe variety of impact receptors. Ourstaff consists of environmental scien-tists, biologists, chemists, engineers,geologists and landscape architectsand has a long-term national and inter-national experience, providing integra-ted advice in current and impendinglegislation. The FUGRO stuff is highlyexperienced in managing major pro-jects and preparing application docu-ments in compliance to internationalguidelines and safeguard requirements(i. e. Operational Policy on Environ-mental Assessment OP 4.01) andaccording to national laws and regu-lations.

U3-1-3e

FUGRO CONSULT GMBHUmwelt – Geotechnik – AnalytikFachbereich Bergbau/InfrastrukturWolfener Straße 36 V12681 Berlin

Tel. 49-030-93651-324Fax 49-030-93651-300e-mail [email protected]

FUGRO CONSULT GmbH is a member of the Fugro Group, with offices throughout the world

Off-shore oilplatform:subject toEnvironmetalImpactAssessement(EIA) andEnvironmentalManagementPlan (EMP)

References

1. Preparation of the application docu-ments for the brown coal miningoperations, the water refill of theopen mining pit and the water bodyimprovement of »Lake Cottbus«(Germany) including EIS, regionalplanning and remediation of land-scape (Client: Vattenfall Europe Mi-ning AG, 2000–2006

2. Development of different offshoreproduction platforms, onshore pro-

cessing facilities and a gas exportpipeline system from Qatar to theUnited Arab Emirates (Client: Dolp-hin Energy Ltd., 2002–2004)

3. Development of proposed subseagas pipeline between Ras Laffan in Qatar and Taweelah in Abu Dhabi (Client: Saipem Dolphin,2004–2006) and

4. Construction of the Pipeline route toRas Laffan land fall point Qatar(Client: Qatar Shell GTL Ltd., 2003)

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Fugro Austria GmbH • Well Logging – Geoinformatics • 8600 Bruck an der Mur, Einoedstrasse 13, Austria tel: +43 (0)3862 / 34300 • fax: +43 (0)3862 / 34300-12 • e-mail: [email protected] • www.fugroaustria.at

WELL LOGGING - AN OVERVIEW

ABI

CAM

CAL3, CAL4

CBL

CCL

CLS

CSS

DEV

(D)FEL

DFS

FLOW

SFLOW

FCON

FTEMP

FTM

FWSON

GGD

IEL

MAL

NGR

NL

OBI

OXI

PH

RES

SAM

SP

TRL

ACOUSTIC BOREHOLE IMAGER

CAMERA

CALIPER, 3-ARM, 4-ARM

CEMENT BOND LOG

CASING COLLAR LOCATOR

CAVITY LASER SCANNER

CAVITY SONAR SCANNER

DEVIATION

(DUAL) FOCUSED ELECTRIC LOG

DARKFIELD SONDE

FLOWMETER

FLOWMETER WITH SKIRT

FLUID CONDUCTIVITY

FLUID TEMPERATURE

FOTOMETRIC LOG

FULL WAVE SONIC

GAMMA GAMMA DENSITY

INDUCTION ELECTRIC LOG

MAGNETIC LOG

NATURAL GAMMA RAY

NEUTRON LOG

OPTICAL BOREHOLE IMAGER

OXYGEN CONTENT

pH-VALUE

RESISTIVITY 16”-, 64”-NORMAL

WATER SAMPLER

SELF-POTENTIAL

TRACER LOG

120

130

140

Depth[m]

Fugro Austria GmbH • Well Logging – Geoinformatics • 8600 Bruck an der Mur, Einoedstrasse 13, Austria tel: +43 (0)3862 / 34300 • fax: +43 (0)3862 / 34300-12 • e-mail: [email protected] • www.fugroaustria.at

WELL LOGGING - AN OVERVIEW

1 Standard

2 Under favourable conditions or in combination with others

AB

I / OB

I C

AM

CA

LC

BL

CC

LC

LSC

SSD

EV(D

)FELD

FSFLO

WSFLO

WFC

ON

, FTEMP, O

XI, PH

FTMFW

SON

GG

DIEL

MA

LN

GR

NL

RES

SAM

SPTR

L

GEOLOGY, LITHOLOGY

Lithological profiles 2 2 1 2 2 1 1 2 1 2

Clay / sand - content 1 1 1 1 2

Identification of aquifers and water barriers 1 1 1 1 1 2

Strike and dip of geological discontinuities 1 1

Porosity 2 1 1 2 2 2 2

GEOTECHNICS

Bulk density 1 2

Velocity of seismic waves (p, s) 1

Elastic parameters of hard rock 2 2

Consistency of hard rock 1 2 2 1 1

Investigation of subsurface cavities 2 1 1 TE

HYDROGEOLOGY, HYDROLOGY

Correlation of flow-rates to screen-sections 2 1 2 1 1

Identification of different water bodies 1 1

Vertical flow 1 1 1 1

Horizontal flow, velocity 1 2 1 1

Depth related water sampling 1

BOREHOLE CONDITION

Borehole geometry 1 1 TE

Borehole deviation 1 1

Technical condition of well-screens 1 2 1

Position of well-screens 1 2 2 2 2

Inflow zones of sand and silt 1 1

Position and tightness of casing joints 1 2 1 2 2 2 2 2 2

Tightness of annular space 1 1 2 1 2

Technical condition of well 1 1

Casing thickness 2

Fugro Engineering Geophysics

Comprehensive geophysical and geotechnical capability with centres of excellence worldwide

Fugro collects and interprets data relating to the Earth’s surface, the structures built upon it and the soil and rocks beneath, and provides advice for the oil and gas, mining and construction industries.

Whether you need a walkover survey of a local site or a large scale integrated geophysical and geotechnical investigation on the other side of the world, we can deliver.

EnvironmentEngineeringGeotechnics

Site characterisationEngineering propertiesVoid location

Rapid reliable subsurface information

Minimal damage or disruption

Fugro Aperio LimitedFocal Point Newmarket Road

Bottisham Cambridge

CB25 9BD United Kingdom

+44 (0)870 600 8050

[email protected]

Key offices Houston, USABerlin, GermanyCambridge, UK

Paris, FranceLeidschendam, NetherlandsBruck an der Mur, AustriaDubai, UAE

Pile length determination

Solution features

Engineering properties

UXO near surface

Foundations/obstructions

Services/utilities

Contamination/landfill

Mineworkings

Highly applicable

Partly applicable

Groundwater

Rippability/ground strength

Voids/cavities

Stratigraphy

ER

TS

eism

ic re

frac

tion

Sei

smic

refle

ctio

nM

AS

W

Cro

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Par

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Bor

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EM

31/E

M38

EM

34

EM

61

Mag

netic

gra

diom

etry

GP

R

Rad

iode

tect

ion

Mic

rogr

avity

Laser cavity scanning, Austria

Electrical resistivity tomography survey, UAE

MASW survey, Abu Dhabi

Borehole wireline logging, Germany

Dip

ole

Mom

ent (

Am

2 )

Increasing Dipole Moment

INP

UT

1970

s

INP

UT

1980

s

GE

OTE

M15

0 H

z

GE

OTE

M90

Hz

GE

OTE

M30

Hz

0.2 M0.4 M0.6 M0.8 M1.0 M1.2 M1.4 M1.6 M1.8 M2.0 M

0

2.2 M

G

EO

TEM

ME

GAT

EMII

M

EG

ATE

M1000

Fort a La Corne, Canada: Resistivity Depth Section from GEOTEM 30 Hz Data

Fixed-Wing Electromagnetics

FUGRO AIRBORNE SURVEYS FLYING WORLDWIDE www.fugro.comwww.fugroairborne.com

Fugro Airborne Surveys offers three fixed-wing electromagnetic systems: MEGATEM®, GEOTEM®, and TEMPEST®, each with a special focus. The large scale and high transmitter power of these systems provide excellent effective depth of exploration/mapping as well as a large search footprint. All systems are used worldwide for mineral exploration, groundwater evaluation, and hydrocarbon exploration.

GEOTEM1000

Mounted on a CASA 212 aircraft, GEOTEM is continuously upgraded to provide a system with proven success worldwide. An increase in transmitter power led to the introduction of GEOTEM1000.

MEGATEM

Mounted on a large, powerful four-engine Dash 7 aircraft, MEGATEM was originally introduced for surveying of high altitude areas that are beyond the capability of the CASA aircraft. Proven success in locating deep mineral deposits led to a further upgrade, which doubled the transmitter power. MEGATEM is now extensively applied in exploration for deep targets of all types.

TEMPEST

The TEMPEST system, mounted on a CASA 212 aircraft, provides quantitative discrimination of conductivity and depth. Its focus is on improved quality of near surface conductivity mapping, both of the cover and bedrock.

Fugro NPA are the longest established satellite mapping specialists in Europe, offering expert, unbiased advice to help users select the most appropriate satellite and airborne imagery, and elevation data for a wide variety of projects across the world.

Please contact Fugro NPA’s Imagery & Data Services team for more information:

Address: Fugro NPA Limited, Crockham Park, Edenbridge, Kent, TN8 6SR, U.K.Tel: +44 (0)1732 865023 , Fax: +44 (0)1732 866521Email: [email protected]: www.fugro-npa.com

Elevation data: Fugro NPA are highly experienced in the

production and supply of Digital Elevation Models (DEMs)

from a variety of sources including:

� SPOT 'High Resolution Stereo' (HRS)� Shuttle Radar Topographic Mission (SRTM)� ASTER� IKONOS� LiDAR� Topographic Maps

Imagery: Fugro NPA process, interpret and distribute a wide

range of optical (natural or NIR false colour) and radar image

data including:

� Landsat (ETM/TM/MSS)� SPOT

and the new generation of very high resolution imagery from:

� Quickbird� IKONOS� WorldView

Imagery & Data ServicesDistribution of optical and radar imagery

www.fugro.com

Fugro NPA

� OrbView� FORMOSAT� Kompsat

� RADARSAT� ERS & ENVISAT

Data processing & production: Fugro NPA offer a

comprehensive range of services from image processing

through interpretation and information extraction, to

production of derived maps and reports. Using these skills 2D

& 3D visualisations can be generated to meet your project

requirements.

Fugro NPA can provide your data as bespoke hardcopy

maps, or softcopy digital atlases, at any scale and projection,

incorporating any additional data layers that you possess.

fugrospatial.com.au

Fugro Spatial Solutions Pty Ltd

asset management land developmentcorridor mapping urban planning miningenvironmental analysis civil constructionnational security agribusiness oil & gas

Our professional services support a range of industries and applications

Spatial data is recognised as a key decision making tool for industry, commerce and the community.Service and Innovation

Fugro Spatial Solutions are at the forefront of spatial service provision. Appropriate solutions are available to clients from our combination of extensive expertise and the latest technologies in digital airborne sensors, conventional aerial photography, terrestrial and airborne laser scanning, topographic surveying, high precision dimensional control surveying, mapping, photogrammetry, geographic information systems (GIS) and data integration.

Extensive Experience

The depth and range of experience of Fugro Spatial Solutions provide value and dependability to our diverse range of clients - nationally and internationally. Projects have been undertaken in over 20 countries.

Size and Reliability

With over 100 staff and the latest technologies, Fugro Spatial Solutions possess considerable resources. These resources are backed by those of the global Fugro NV Group generating a significant network across more than 250 offices in over 60 countries, with a team of more than 13 000 staff. This network is characterised by strength, depth and diversity of resources and expertise.

Aerial SurveyTopography and bathymetric LiDAR Latest high-end film camera and

digital sensorsPrecision scanning and digital

photogrammetric systemsAirborne Radar (GeoSAR IFSAR)

Digital MappingDigital Terrain ModelsVolumetric determinationDigital orthophotosFeature capture & attributionTopographic mapping & revisionSatellite data processing

GIS SolutionsGIS Applications - review, design

& implementOracle specialisationData integration / conversionStrategic spatial consultingData warehousing & management

Survey ServicesCadastral & lease area surveysEngineering & Mining surveyingTopographic surveysGPS surveysDimensional controlStructure monitoringMachinery alignmentTerrestrial LiDAR

Specialised Services3D modelling & fly throughsCloud seedingAsset mappingVirtual realityMulti-client data sales

BrisbanePh: +61 7 3841 3433

[email protected]

Perth (Head Office)Ph: +61 8 9282 4100

[email protected]

SydneyPh: +61 2 8878 9078

[email protected]

MelbournePh: +61 3 9780 0610

[email protected]

FSSC-DT-1635-4

Fugro’s fleet

Fugro NVVeurse Achterweg 10PO Box 412260 AA LeidschendamThe Netherlandswww.fugro.com

October 2007 0174

Regio ZuidWeerttel: 0495-513 560fax: 0495-513 561

Vessels play an important role in the activities Fugro carries out for its clients. The modern fleetcurrently comprises around 45 vessels that can be deployed for a variety of purposes. Fugro also usesother equipment, such as aircraft, jack-up platforms and trucks. An overview of this equipment thatcan be deployed is included in this leaflet.

BavenitGeotechnical vessel,length 86 metres, long-term charter

Zakher StarGeotechnical vessel,length 64 metres, long-term charter

BucentaurGeotechnical vessel,length 78 metres, owned by Fugro

New SeaprobeGeotechnical vessel,length 52 metres, owned by Fugro

Geo Arctic2D seismic vessel,length 82 metres, tows a 10-kilometrestreamer, long-termcharter

Geo Barents3D seismic vessel, length77 metres, tows sixstreamers each up to 9km long, three year char-ter agreement; launch May2007. Fugro will take overownership in 2010

Geo Atlantic3D/4D seismic vessel,length 121 metres, towsten streamers each up to8 km long, long-termcharter, launched October2006

Geo Baltic3D seismic vessel,length 75 metres, towssix streamers each up to4 km, or four streamersup to 6 km long, ownedby Fugro

MarkabGeotechnical vessel,length 70 metres, owned by Fugro

Fugro CommanderGeotechnical vessel,length 56 metres, owned by Fugro, inservice as of May 2007

MarinerGeotechnical vessel,length 82 metres, owned by Fugro

Fugro ExplorerGeotechnical vessel,length 80 metres, owned by Fugro

ROVs (RemotelyOperated Vehicles)

Number: 100

AUVs(Autonomous Underwater Vehicles)

Number: 2(+ 2 in development)

CPT trucks

Number: 75

Jack-up rigs

Number: 25

Land baseddrill rigs

Number: 210

Reference Stations (Global NavigationSatellite System)

Number: 105

Streamers forseismic vessels

Number: 25 with an aver-age length of 6 kilometres

Aircraft

Number: 40

Skandi InspectorMulti-role ROV survey andconstruction support ves-sel, length 81 metres, long-term charter

Universal SurveyorSurvey vessel,length 37 metres, owned by Fugro

Zakher FugroSurvey vessel,length 42 metres, long-term charter

Southern SupporterMulti-role survey vessel,length 74 metres, long-term charter

Victor Hensen Survey vessel,length 39 metres, long-term charter

• Seismic vessels

• Geotechnical vessels

• Survey vessels (continued)

• Major equipment (besides fleet of vessels), owned by Fugro

• Survey vessels

• Seismic vessels (continued) • Survey vessels (continued)

Geo ProspectorSurvey vessel, length 73metres, owned by Fugro

Geo SurveyorSurvey vessel, length 58metres, owned by Fugro

Geodetic SurveyorSurvey vessel, length 37metres, owned by Fugro

Jetstream Survey vessel, length 16metres, owned by Fugro

Highland EagleSurvey vessel, length 72metres, long-term charter

Island SpiritROV-support survey ves-sel, length 74 metres,long-term charter

Kommandor JackSurvey vessel, length 74metres, long-term charter

Geniusbank Survey vessel, length 14metres, owned by Fugro

MeridianSurvey vessel, length 35metres, owned by Fugro

Ocean SurveyorSurvey vessel, length 34metres, owned by Fugro

Oceansatpeg 1Survey vessel, length 42metres, owned by Fugro

Seis SurveyorSurvey vessel, length 46metres, owned by Fugro

Setouchi SurveyorConstruction supportvessel, length 64 metres,owned by Fugro

Skandi CarlaROV survey and con-struction support vessel, length 84 metres, long-term charter

Geo EasternSurvey vessel, length 60metres, owned by Fugro

Geo EndeavourSurvey vessel, length 46metres, owned by Fugro

Seisquest3D/4D seismic vessel,length 92 metres, towseight streamers each upto 6 km long, four yearcharter agreement (withoption for extension),commenced July 2007

AlbuquerqueSurvey vessel, length 40metres, owned by Fugro

FlamboyanSurvey vessel, length 39metres, owned by Fugro

Fugro MercatorSurvey vessel, length 73metres, owned by Fugro

Fugro MeridianSurvey vessel, length 73metres, owned by Fugro

MarSol MarinerSurvey vessel, length 55metres, long-term charter

Fugro Discovery Survey vessel, length 70metres, owned by Fugro,existing vessel that willbe modified, in serviceas from May 2007

Fugro Synergy Multi-purpose vessel,length 104 metres, ownedby Fugro, will be deliveredin November 2008

Fugro GaussSurvey vessel, length 68metres, owned by Fugro,acquired in March 2007

Fugro EnterpriseSurvey vessel, length 52metres, owned by Fugro.In service as fromSeptember 2007

Fugro SaltireROV-sub sea supportsurvey vessel, length 110metres, launch February2008, long-term charteragreement (with purchaseoption per 2013)

Geo Caribbean 3D/4D seismic vessel,length 101 metres, tows14 streamers each up to6800 m, or 12 streamerseach up to 8000 m,owned by Fugro.Operational inNovember 2008

Geo Celtic 3D/4D seismic vessel,length 101 metres, towstwelve streamers each upto 8 km long, long-termcharter agreement.Operational inSeptember 2007

Geo Pacific3D seismic vessel, length82 metres, tows eightstreamers each up to 6kilometres long, ownedby Fugro

Hawk Explorer2D seismic vessel,length 66 metres, tows a 10-kilometrestreamer, long-termcharter

Documents

Fugro World Wide - Capability Statement Carbon Capture and Storage (Ccs)