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Fuels and Energy Department

The department of Fuels and Energy hosts a five year Honours degree in Fuels and Energy. Graduate Engineers from Fuels and Energy have knowledge, skills and abilities in the development and sustainable utilization of conventional and non-conventional fuels and energy engineering systems. Our graduates are competent engineers designed to serve the vast and growing engineering fraternity. The Fuels and Energy degree emphasizes on the ability to plan, execute and report on fuels and energy engineering systems with demonstrated knowledge of underlying theory and the ability to critically analyze issues. The degree is designed to meet the challenges of the world’s energy demands while maintaining international standards of practice. CAREER PROSPECTS

Power Engineers Fuels & Energy Consultants

ENTRY REQUIREMENTS

Normal Entry

5 Ordinary Level passes including Mathematics and English language and Advanced Level passes in Mathematics, Physics and Chemistry.

Special Entry

5 Ordinary Level passes including Mathematics and English language. A hold of at least a National Diploma in an approved Engineering field or any other recognized equivalent, candidates are invited for an interview/ entrance examination.

Have at least two (2) years of relevant industrial experience.

The University should be satisfied that the candidate would be able to complete the programme. To ascertain this, candidates may be required to sit for an entrance examination.

Mature Entry

Mature entry candidates will be considered as stipulated in the General Academic Regulations.

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Energy Equipment

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COURSE SYNOPSIS Semester one Introduction to Statistics (CUMT 105) 10 credits This course is an introduction to statistics. Topics covered include: Introduction to statistics: definition, uses of statistics (research, business, tourism, agriculture). Probability: multiplicative law, addition law, conditional probability, tree diagram, law of total probability. Probability distributions: random variables; discrete, continuous. Binomial distribution, normal distribution Measures of central tendency and dispersion: mean, median, mode; range, variance, standard deviation, standard error of the mean. Sampling techniques: simple random, stratified, cluster, systematic. Data types, presentation, and summarization techniques: tables, graphs, charts. Regression and correlation: regression parameters, correlation coefficient, coefficient of determination. Simple statistical inference: hypothesis testing, confidence intervals, t-tests and chi-square tests. Engineering Mathematics 1 (CUPE 116) 12 credits The course focuses on engineering mathematics, and topics covered include calculus in one variable: Limits and continuity of functions. Leibniz’s Rule. L’ Hopital’s Rule, Plane polar coordinates. Complex Numbers: Basic Algebra. Demoivre’s theorem. Complex exponentials. Linear Algebra: Vectorial algebra in 2 and 3 dimensions. Matrices- basic operations rank, inverses. Systems of linear equations- Gauss elimination. Eigenvalues and eigen vectors Differentiation. Functions of single and several variable: Partial derivatives, chain rule and Applications, Lagrange multipliers. Integration, chain rule, integration by parts, applications of integration Engineering Drawing (CUPE 119) 15 credits The course focuses on engineering drawing. Topics covered include introduction to Drawing Office Practice, BS 308, etc; Geometrical Constructions; Blending of Curves; Linkages, Locus, Ellipse, Cycloid, epicycloids, etc; Introduction to development (Prisms, Cylinders, etc); Orthographic Projection (systems of projection); Dimensioning and Tolerancing; Sections and sectional views. Introduction to isometric projection; Standard Parts (Threading, Fasteners, etc); Assembly Drawing 11. Laboratory: drawing practice using drawing boards and drawing instruments. Computer Applications for Engineers (CUIT 111) 12 credits This course is an introduction to basic computer applications and computer programming using C/C++ and MATLAB. Topics covered include: Introduction to computer systems; Concepts and structures for high level programming; Elements of structured programming using "C" (Programming fundamentals, Operators and expressions, Control Structures, Functions, Pointers, Arrays); Assignments in a microcomputer and network environments; Numerical algorithms, such as root finding, numerical integration and differential equations; Non-numerical algorithms for sorting and searching.

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Electrical Principles (CUME 102) 12 credits The course is an introduction to basic electrical principles. Topics covered include circuit elements theorems: Thevenin and Norton theorems, superposition and duality. Analysis of dc and ac single-phase circuits, phase representation of ac quantities, complex representation of ac quantities, transients, series and parallel resonance.Power and energy factor, Magnetic fields, electric fields, behavior of charges in Law. Permittivity, permeability. Magnetic and dielectric materials, forces in electric and magnetic media, energy stored, Faraday’s and Lenz laws. Motors and Generators, electrostatic generators, dry cells, accumulators. Magnetic circuits and flux measurement, self and mutual inductance, transformers. Introduction to three – phase circuits, star – delta transformations, current relations, power circuit calculations. Principles of operation of single-phase transformers. Laboratory: labs to be done are on Thevnin, Norton, series circuits, parallel circuits, star delta, resistors, resonance) Engineering Physics (CUPY 106) 12 credits The course focuses on engineering physics. Topics covered include measurement and dimensional analysis,vector analysis (components and addition), uniform motion (translational, free fall, projectile), newton’s laws of motion (concurrent forces, friction), torque and rotational equilibrium (non-concurrent forces, center of gravity), power, work, and energy (kinetic and potential),impulse and momentum (elastic and inelastic collisions), simple harmonic motion (pendulums, springs),fluid mechanics (archimedes’, bernoulli’s),waves and sound (basic properties, doppler effect, intensity), electrostatics (electrostatic force, induction, conduction, electric field, coulomb’s law), electric circuits (series and parallel), magnetism (source and field),light (refraction, reflection, plane mirrors, spherical mirrors, lenses). Laboratory: SHM, doppler effects, projectiles, torque, electrostaic induction, coulomb's law, electric circuits. Semester two Engineering Mathematics 2 (CUPE 117) 12 credits The course focuses on Engineering Mathematics, the topics covered include but we are not limited to: Calculus of several variables. Polar coordinates, complex variables, hyperbolic functions, limits, complex variables. Ordinary differential equations. First and second order equations. Applications of differential equations to engineering. Multiple Integrals. Vector Calculus. Scalar and vector fields. Green’s Gauss and Stokes theorems Chemistry for Engineers (CUFE) 12 credits The course focuses on General Chemistry and the topics covered include but we are not limited to:Structure of matter, chemical bonding, chemical reactions, menclature of compounds, Periodic system. Main groups of elements, Transition elements, Redox reactions, Coordination compounds, Organic chemistry- alkanes, alkenes,arylenes, aromatic compounds, reactions of organic compounds, kinetic theory of gases, chemical thermodynamics, equilibrium, molecular structure, electrochemistry, reaction kinetics, colloids, stoichiometry, surface chemistry, quantum mechanics and chemical bonding. Laboratory: redox reactions, stoichiometry, titration Introduction to Manufacturing Processes (CUPE ) 15 credits The course focuses on workshop processes and practice and topics covered include safety precautions and general measures. Causes of accidents and prevention-machines, loose-clothing, long hair, occupational health hazards. Cleanliness of workplace. Machining and fitting: Measuring instruments, marking out, hand and portable machining tools, fastening devices,drilling,turning, milling, offhand grinding, screw threads, gear cutting.Fabrication: Basic sheet metal tools, marking out, bending brake, rolling cutting, nibbling, guillotine, developing and joining riveting. Soldering, brazing and spot welding, gas and arc welding, fluxes and coated electrodes.Standards: Limits and fits, surface measurements. Laboratory: use of hand tools, drilling, turning, milling, tear cutting, metal bending, folding, and joining.

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Communication skills (CUACE 101) 12 credits Engineers use communication skills to explain an idea, process, or technical design. They use written, oral, computers, graphics, and other engineering tools to communicate to other engineers and management. This Communication Course for Engineering Students is designed to introduce you to written and oral communications in Engineering. Using a term project for practice, the topics covered include: Engineering writing – purposes and audiences; Writing effective letters, memos, and e-mails; Communication & feedback; Introduction to Request for Proposals (RFP); Basics of Technical Writing; Proposal writing; Team formation and team contracts; Documentation and IEEE Referencing; Abstracts & summaries; Introduction to library research Activity; Progress/Status reports, Oral presentations (general + status reports); Engineering Reports: writing engineering/technical reports, networking of ideas; Graphical communication: constructing engineering tables and graphics. Principles of Electronics (CUME 204) 12 credits The course focuses on principles of electronics and the topics covered include but we are not limited to:Fundamental concepts, semiconductors, primitive logic functions: NOT, AND, OR, XOR, NAND,NOR,XNOR, Numbering systems, Binary arithmetics, Boolean algebra, Kaunaugh maps, complex circuits from primitive logic elements, combinational circuits, state diagrams, tables and machines, interfacing with the analogy world,IC, basic operational characteristics and parameters,TTL circuits, practical consideration in use of TTL, CMOS circuits, comparing CMOS and TTL characteristics, interfacing logic families, memory, IC applications, circuit board technology, technologies of the future, nano-technology. Laboratory: semiconductors, logic functions NOT, AND, OR, XOR, NAND, NOR, XNOR, TTL circuits, CMOS circuits and characteristics, IC circuit boards. Thermofluid Engineering (CUFE 118) 12 credits The course focuses on Thermofluid Engineering and the topics covered include but were not limited to: Thermodynamic properties of substances, work and heat, closed and open systems, first and second law of thermodynamics, analysis of gas and vapour power cycles, fluids at rest, dynamics of fluid flow, Euler, Bernoulli and energy equations, measurement of fluid flow; flow in pipes, introduction to turbo-machinery, basic modes and laws of heat transfer.

Laboratory: 1st and 2nd laws of thermodynamics, power cycles, fluid flow measurements Semester three Energy Resources and Utilisation (CUFE 101) 12 credits The course focuses on Energy Resources and Utilisation, the topics covered include but not limited to:Origin, occurrence, mining and processing of solid and liquid primary fuels, natural gas and nuclear fuels, fossil fuel reserves and consumption of oil, coal and gas, Fossil Energy Technologies for power Generation, Fundamental principles, Applications and Status of: Solar Energy, Biomass Energy, Wind Energy, Tidal Energy and Ocean Thermal Energy, Outlook of Fossil and Renewable Energy. Laboratory: Proximate & Ultimate analysis, fuel tests Engineering Design Principles (CUPE 125) 15 credits The course focuses on Engineering Design principles and the topics covered include but we are not limited to: Introduction to principles of engineering design ; Types of design ;basic creative Problem solving techniques ;the design activity; morphology of design; Design for manufacture assembly, cost etc. Concurrent Engineering, Quality Function deployment; Robust design. Taguchi method Decision making; Product life cycle; service life reliability, materials analysis and selection of component production processes. L Computer Aided Drawing using Autocard. 2D drawings, Orthogonal Drawing, Assemble Drawing, production of drawings’hard copy using both printers and plotters. Understanding of both 2D and 3D commands. Laboratory: engineering drawing using computers, CAD, 2D, 3D drawing, 3D wire frame, surface & solid modeling

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Thermodynamics (CUFE 202) 12 credits The course focuses on Thermodynamics. The topics covered include but we are not limited to:Thermodynamics System and Properties of Substances. Review of the first and second laws of thermodynamics, Steam and two-phase system, gas and single-phase system. First and Second laws and their Applications. Reversible and Irreversible processes.Concept of entropy. P-V and T-S diagrams. Heat and work in a cycle, principle of a heat engine, thermal efficiency of a heat engine. Enthalpy and Auxillary functions. Work, Heat and Power Cycles. Use of Relevant Tables e.g. Steam, Psychometric Charts. Laboratory: heat engine, heat pumps, heat exchangers, diesel engine, air compressor, Refrigeration, Air conditioning, Petrol engine test, Internal combustion engines tests Fluid Mechanics (CUFE 201) 12 credits The course focuses on Fluid Mechanics and the topics covered in this course include but we are not limited to: Ideal and non-ideal gases, flow of Newtonian fluids, movement of particles in fluids, Pressure measurement, Fluid Statistics, Hydrostatic Thrust, Fluid Dynamics Steady and Unsteady Flows, Real Fluids (in Flow), Classification of Flows, Flow through pipelines and pipe systems, Open channels, Steady non-uniform flow in open channels, Dimensional analysis and similarity, Turbine Technology. Laboratory: fluid friction, air flow, pressure, stability of a body Center of Gravity, Floating body, Open channel flow, Hydraulic bench, Notch calibration Engineering Mathematics 3 (CUPE 216) 12 credits The course focuses on Engineering Mathematics and the topics covered include but we are not limited to: Laplace and fourier transformations . Fourier series , numerical solutions of differential equations. Theory of simultaneous equations, matrices, vector space solution of linear systems equations. Eigen values and eigenvectors , infinite series , comparison test and ratio test for non-negative series, vector algebra , scalar and vector products , triple products , vector equations , vector analysis , gradient , divergence and curl, line and multiple intergrals, greens theorem in the plane , divergence theorem and stoke’s theorem. Engineering Materials (CUPE 127) 12 credits The course focuses on Engineering Materials the topics covered include but are not limited to: Atomic Structure and Inter Atomic Bonding, Crystalline Structure of Solids, Imperfections in Solids, Physical and Mechanical Properties of Metals, Plastic Deformation of Crystalline Materials, Phase Diagrams of Metals and Alloys, Thermal Processing of Metals and Alloys. Laboratory: tensile testing, impact testing, Charpy and Izod tests, hardness testing, fatigue testing, creep testing Semester four Hydrogen and Fuels Cells Technology (CUFE 208) 12 credits The course focuses on Hydrogen and Fuel Cells Technology; the topics covered include but are not limited to: Application of Hydrogen and Production, storage transportation. Fuel Cell Power Plants. Electro- Chemistry applied to Fuel Cells. Operations and types of Fuel Cells Performance Characteristics of Fuel Cells. Types of Fuels Cells Systems Commercial Fuel Cell Power Plants and Their applications. Prospects of Fuel Cell Power Plants. Laboratory: construction of simple FC, storage components – batteries, Electrodes and electrolyte testing, Electrolysis of water Mass Transfer (CUFE 206) 12 credits The course focuses on Mass transfer and the topics covered include but we are not limited to: The origin of diffusion of mass and simple mass flux relationships: Brownian diffusion, Fick’s first law of diffusion, chemical potential driving force, and concentration and thermal gradients. Diffusion

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coefficients for gases, liquids, multicomponent systems, solids and for membranes. Mass conservation equations for single and multicomponent mixtures: Diffusion in solids; Diffusion in liquids; Convection and dispersion in turbulent flows. Mass transfer in porous media. Convective mass transfer with chemical reactions. Mass transfer across a phase boundary: thin film theory, phase equilibria and interfacial equilibrium, individual phase and overall mass transfer coefficients, penetration and surface renewal theories, interfacial instabilities, Mass transfer coefficients, solid-fluid mass transfer coefficients, liquid – gas transfer coefficients. Unsteady state mass transfer problems, mass transfer to a sphere, dispersion of a slug in pipe flow, diffusion into a slab, gas absorption, concentration boundary layers. Laminar boundary layer, turbulent concentration boundary layer. The following topics could be treated optionally: Membrane transport, Diffusion in Gels, Mass transfer in particulate systems, Mass transfer in biological systems. Laboratory: Brownian diffusion, Fick’s first law of diffusion, Diffusion in solids; Diffusion in liquids; Convection, Mass transfer in porous media,Cooling towers, Absorption towers, Melting ice, Fractionating column Heat Transfer (CUFE 204) 12 credits The course focuses on Heat Transfer. The topics covered include but w e a r e not limited to: Introduction to three modes of heat transfer: conduction, convection, and radiation, the conservation of energy requirements, analysis of heat transfer problems, methodology, relevance of heat transfer, units and dimensions; conduction: the conduction rate equation, thermal properties of matter, heat diffusion equation, boundary and initial conditions; One- dimensional, steady – state conduction, plane wall, alternative conduction analysis, radial systems, heat transfer from extended surfaces; Transient conduction, lumped capacitance analysis, spatial effects, plane wall with convection, radial systems with convection, the semi- infinite solid, multi-dimensional effects. Convection: convection: convection transfer problem, convection boundary layers, laminar and turbulent flow, the convection transfer equations, boundary layer similarity, normalized convection transfer equations. External flow: Internal flow: Free convection: Heat exchangers: Radiation: process and properties, fundamental concepts, radiation intensity, BB radiation, surface emission, surface absorption, reflection and transmission, kirchoff’s law, gray surface, radiation exchange between surfaces. Laboratory: convection, radiation and conduction experiments,Heat exchangers, kirchoff's law, Wood stoves – performance analysis, Heat engine tests, Heat exchangers and radiators Instrumentation and Embedded Control (CUME) 12 credits The course focuses on Instrumentation and Embedded Control; the topics covered include but we are not limited to:Introduction to measurements and measuring instruments, physical principles of sensing systems, analysis and application of various sensors, data acquisition systems. Electonic logic systems , numbering systems , logic gates and design , karnaugh maps computer architecture , bus ( data control and address buses). Intelligence control , transducers sensors and multi-fusion. Laboratory: Experiments on resolution, sensitivity, accuracy, and uncertainty, Using educational and nano bords.Sensors for measurement of temperature such as Thermocouples, RTDs, Thermisters. Sensors for displacement and position; digital encoders, shaft encoders, absolute and relative encoders, linear encoders. Sensors for force, pressure, strain, vibration, velocity, flow rates etc. Signal conditioning and filter design. Microprocessor based instrumentation circuits). Electrical Machines (CUAE 211) 12 credits The course focuses on Electrical Machines and the topics covered include but w e a r e not limited to: Salient pole synchronous Machine –dq approach, circuit analysis of electrical machines. Parks equations and two axis equivalent circuits , Single phase Induction motor ,transient behavior of machine , Reluctance Machines, Case study lecture , Synchronous Machines , Permanent magnet synchronous machines , Synchronous reluctance motors, induction motors , Brushless dc drives , stepping and switched reluctance machines. Laboratory: Single phase Induction motors, Reluctance Machines, Case study lecture , Synchronous Machines , Permanent magnet synchronous motors , Brushless dc drives.)

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Bioenergy (CUFE 213) 12 credits The course focuses on Bioenergy and the topics covered include but not limited to: Fundamental concepts of understanding biofuel/bioenergy, renewable feedstocks; municipal solid wastes, agricultural waste etc, their production, availability and resource assessment; types of biomass – derived fuels and energy, thermochemical conversion of biomass to heat, power and fuel; biochemical conversion of biomass to fuel; biodiesel production; environmental impacts of biofuels production, biomethanation technology Laboratory: biofuels prepartions- ethanol, biodiesel, resource assessment, gasification of biomass, Wood stoves – performance analysis, Biogas production, Gel fuels Semester five Solar Energy Technology (CUFE) 12 credits The course focuses on Solar energy technologies and the topics covered include but we are not limited to: Solar radiation; sun-earth relationship and apparent position of the sun; extraterrestrial radiation & attenuation of radiation, estimation of terrestrial radiation, time scales, orientation; solar irradiance conversion models, statistics of solar radiation data, radiation measurements, PV systems, prospects and economic consideration of PV, principle of a photo-voltaic cell, V-I characteristics of a solar cell, interconnection of solar cells, efficiency of a solar cell, spectral response, configuration of a solar PV panel, trends of PV collectors, PV cell technology, PV stand alone systems, solar PV power supply systems for space station, batteries, coulomb efficiency, battery sizing, blocking diodes, inverter and the system voltage, sizing of PV array, hybrid PV systems, PV diesel electric hybrid, PV-powered water pumping. PV power generation. Principles of solar thermal collectors: types of collectors; flat plate collectors, parabolic collectors, solar crop driers, solar pond. Selective surfaces and covers, efficiency curves of solar thermal collectors and loss mechanisms, radiative heat transfer. Laboratory: PV circuit analysis, SWH efficiency tests, Solar cookers – performance analysis, Solar driers – performance analysis, Battery maintenance Thermal Power Plants (CUFE) 12 credits The course focuses on Thermal power plants; the topics covered include but we are not limited to: Thermodynamics review, the first law for open and closed system. The gas and steam cycles, the

combustion process. 2nd law and concept of reversibility and entropy. The Carnot, Rankine, Otto diesel and Brayton cycles. Heat power plants: steam turbine power plant, classification, flow diagrams and design calculations; steam generators, heat balance, general characteristics of furnaces, superheaters and reheaters, economizers, air preheaters, condensers, feed water heaters; water cooling towers, water supply and water treatment, gas turbine power plants-classification flow diagrams and design calculations; internal combustion engine power plants. Laboratory: field visits, I.C engines, Simulation and Modeling (CUME) 12 credits The course focuses on mechanical and electrical engineering Simulation and Modelling. The topics

covered include but we are not limited to: Modeling of mechanical systems (springs, dampers, mass,

translatory and rotational systems, geared systems), Modeling of electrical systems (capacitor, inductor,

resistors, and analog electronic devices), Modeling of hydraulic and pneumatic systems, Mechatronics

systems (Electro-mechanical, fluid –mechanical and Electro-hydraulic systems), System dynamic

response analysis (frequency response),Numerical techniques, time response and digital simulation,

stochastic simulation, Monte Carlo methods.

Laboratory: Use of engineering softwares for FMEA-simulation X, Simulation of Control system MATLAB,

mechanical systems-Solid works

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Combustion Technology 1 (CUFE 302) 12 credits The course focuses on combustion technologies; the topics covered include but w e a r e not limited to:Combustion stoichiometry, thermochemistry, thermochemical calculations, thermochemical modeling, physical properties of real gases, transport phenomena, transport processes, chemical kinetics and equibrium, reaction kinetics, chemical equilibria, accuracy and restrictions in equilibrium calculations, combustion chemistry, adiabatic thermal explosions, combustion chemistry chain reactions, vessel explosions, branching chain, combustion chemistry modeling, flames, flame temperature and burning velocity, laminar flame theory, steady non planar and superdiabatic flames, flame properties, flame instabilities, ionizations in flames, spray droplet and dust flames. Thermodynamics of combustion, Solid fuels combustion:- Chain grate stoker, atmospheric and pressurized fluid beds. Carbon combustion efficiency. Combustion of liquid fuels: Combustion of gaseous fuels: furnace heating, heat engines and space heating. Types of boilers, heat transfer in boilers, combustion in boilers, and energy efficiency in boilers, boiler design, boiler maintenance, boiler accessories, boiler operations and safety, economics of boilers. Laboratory: field visits, gas burners, energy efficiency tests, Fuels combustion analysis, Fuel gas analysis, Performance evaluation of fuel engines, Fluidized bed combustion Coal Processing and Handling (CUFE ) 12 credits The course focuses on Coal processing and handling; the topics covered include but we are not limited to:Coal conversion technologies, synthetic fuels, coal gasification, Coal liquification, Method and Mechanisms of pyrolysis and carbonization. Coal handling systems, Coal uploading devices, Coal firing units, Generalised knowledge of the construction and operating principles of equipment used in the processing of coal. Storage and transfer of coal, size reduction and classification, Mixing and Blending of coal. Laboratory: field visit, pyrolysis experiments, proximate and ultimate analysis of coals Natural Gas Extraction and Processing (CUFE) 12 credits Introduction to Petroleum and Natural Gas Extraction. Introduction to the design and implementation of the systems used in the extraction of oil and gas. Underground gas storage, unconventional gas reservoirs, fluid flow dynamics in porous media, gas transmission lines, porous media characterization, numerical simulation of hydrocarbon reservoirs, stripper wells and virtual intelligence applications. Coal Bed Methane Gas (CBMG) absorbed in the coal seams, productivity of CBM wells , permeability within micro-fractures, cleat-permeability, discontinuity measures, curvature analysis, Thin beds and stratigraphic and stochastic inversion, approaches to stimulation of CBM reservoirs: hydraulic fracturing, CO2 fracturing and sequestration, nitrogen fracturing and

cavitation. Extraction of CBM. Laboratory: simulation practicals Semester six Petroleum Processing and Handling (CUFE) 12 credits The course focuses on Petroleum processing and handling; the topics covered include but w e a r e not limited to: Overall petroleum refinery flow, products, feed stocks, crude separation processes: Physical and chemical aspects of thermal cracking processes, Catalytic cracking of hydrocarbons and non-hydrocarbons components of petroleum, design of catalytic cracking unit, feedstocks and products. Mechanism of hydro treating and hydro cracking of hydrocarbons and non-hydrocarbons and non-hydrocarbons components of petroleum. Hydrocracking processes & types of catalysts, feedstocks and products, thermal and catalytic hydrodealkylation. Hydro treating of petroleum fractions and products. Catalytic reforming reactions, processes, & importance of catalytic reforming. Importance of alkanes isomerization in petroleum refining, reaction conditions, catalysts, processes, importance of polymerization unit. Processes for improving performance: Polymerization of alkanes, reaction mechanism, catalysts, processes, importance of polymerization in petroleum refining. Alkylation’s and its importance in petroleum refining, alkylation’s reactions, alkylation’s processes, catalysts, alkylation’s products. Blending for product specifications, Supporting operations, air

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pollution control, refinery economics, and future trend in refining operation. Storage, handling and transfer of petroleum products. Processing storage and handling systems of natural gas. Laboratory: fuels tests-flash point tests, pour point, cetane number, performance tests in IC engines, Petrol engine test, Diesel engine test, Fractional distillation, Petroleum conversion processes Electrical Power Systems (CUFE) 12 credits The course focuses on Electrical power systems and the topics covered include but we are not limited to:Load flows: introduction to systems view point, network equations. Gauss-Seidel and Newton methods. Tap change transformer. Network modification and outage representations. Use of load flow studies in planning, operation, security and assessment. Stability Studies, steady state, transient and dynamic stability studies. Effect of AVR’s governors and auto-reclosing. Sub synchronous resonance. Power control. Turbine Governor control. Load frequency control. Systems control centre design. Over voltages. Effect of termination and use of Bewley lattice diagrams. Influence on line design. Protection against over voltages. Earth wires, spark gaps silicon carbide and zinc oxide arrestors. Insulation co-ordination. Circuit braking principles, oil, air blast, SF6 and vacuum circuit breakers, modular substations. Fuses: current, voltage rating, current limiting fuses, time current curve of fuses, fuse co-ordination. HVDC Transmission: Coveter station equipment, ground return. Power system planning: Load forecasting, selection of energy generation, integrated transmission planning. Economic Operation of Power Systems: Systems constraints, Economic dispatch neglecting and including transmission line losses. Optimization of thermal and hydro systems. Laboratory: field visits, load flow simulations,Protection relays, 2,3 and 4 point earth resistivity tests, Lightning suppression, grounding and bonding systems, Power factor tests, AC and DC relay schemes Wind and Hydro Power Plants (CUFE ) 12 credits The course focuses on Wind and hydro-power plants; the topics covered include but we are not limited to: Review of some fluid mechanics principles, Bernoulli’s equation, fundamentals of turbo machinery, flow of viscous fluids, types of wind and water turbines, components and design of micro-hydro power plants (MHPP), H-Q characteristics, Micro-Hydro schemes, site survey, civil works, electro-mechanical equipment; wind energy conversion systems (WECS), betz criterion, blade element theory, tip-speed ratio and power co-efficient, mechanical and electrical power generation, control strategies. Laboratory: field visits, turbine characterisation Energy Systems Project Management (CUFE) 12 credits The course focuses on Energy Systems project management and the topics covered include but we are not limited to: Techniques and process necessary to manage successful projects. Phases of project management cycle: feasibility, planning, implementation, monitoring, and evaluation. Tools such as Gantt and Pert charts, work breakdown structure, cost benefit analysis, decision making tree, computer software, etc. Critical success factors such as time, finance, quality, conflict, team and stakeholder management, procurement and project writing, The role of energy in the economy and key aspects of energy supply and demand. Topics include the interrelationships among energy use, economic growth, and the environment; conservations; solar and “unconventional” energy sources; markets; regulation of gas and electric utilities. Definition of concepts: Cost (marginal, average cost), opportunity cost, market equilibrium, different forms of capital cost, the rate of interest as a price of capital. Some basic concepts of economy, economic theory of exhaustible sources. Environmental cost of fossil fuel production/consumption, project appraisal: economic and financial appraisal; cost benefit analysis, payback period, net present value, internal rate of return, sensitivity analysis, Financing of energy investments and economic pricing. Laboratory: mini project management anaylsis Engineering Research Methods (CUPE 305) 12 credits The course focuses on Engineering Research Methods; the topics covered include but we are not limited to: Research processes, definition of research, objectives and motives. Research problem; nature

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characteristics, possible sources and significance, development and statement of problem, research questions and hypothesis, literature review, population and sampling methods, research methods and instruments, data processing and analysis, descriptive statistics, inferential statistics: normal distribution curve, point estimation and confidence interval, hypothesis testing, chi-square statistics, goodness-of- fit, analysis of variance (ANOVA) data presentation and interpretation. Combustion Technology 2 (CUFE 401) 12 credits The course focuses on Combustion technology of multi-component reacting systems; the topics covered in this course include but w e a r e not limited to:Conservation equations for multicomponent reacting flow systems- coupling functions, mixture fractions concepts. Steady – state and partial – equilibrium approximations; reduced reaction mechanisms. Thermal explosions. Combustion waves- deflagration and detonations. Physics of premixed combustion. Analysis of laminar premixed flames using activation energy and reaction – rate ration asymptotics. Analysis of laminar nonpremixed (diffusion) flames using activation energy and reaction rate ratio asymptotics. Heterogeneous combustion. Turbulent combustion. Laboratory: remixed combustion, laminar premixed flames, nonpremixed (diffusion) flames

Semester seven and eight Industrial Attachment

CUFE 381: Continuous assessment 50 credits CUFE 382: Industrial attachment research project 70 credits

During industrial attachment, students will work under an industrial supervisor at the level of Engineer Trainee and will undertake at least 8 months of attachment at an appropriate industry for hands-on practical training. Students will maintain a logbook of daily activities and will be required to submit a comprehensive industrial attachment report together with an industrial attachment research project which is supported by appropriate engineering drawings, and design concepts or process charts. During attachment students will be visited at their work place at least twice by their lecturers. Attachment period to be at least 8 continuous months. Semester nine Power System Analysis: (CUFE) 12 credits

Review: Basic power system elements and models: generators; transmission systems; loads. Power Flow : System model, Equations, Solution techniques: Newton-Raphson; fast decoupled. Short Circuit : System model, Faults: 3-phase; single-phase-to-ground; two-phase; two-phase-to-ground, Matrix analysis. Basic stability concepts: Nonlinear systems: Ordinary Differential Equations (ODE), Differential Algebraic Equations (DAE) Equilibrium points: Definition; linearization; eigen analysis. Stability regions. Voltage Stability and Control: Definitions, Voltage collapse: Basic concepts, Tools: Continuation power flows; direct methods; indices.Control and protection: Compensation; secondary voltage regulation; under-voltage relays, Practical applications: Transmission congestion; a real blackout analysis. Voltage regulation: Basic concepts. Practical applications: A real blackout analysis. Small-perturbation Stability and Control :Definitions and basic concepts. Tools: Eigenvalue analysis. Control and protection: PSSS; FACTS. Practical applications: A real blackout analysis.Transient Stability and Control: Definitions and basic concepts. Tools: time domain simulations; direct methods (energy functions and equal area criterion). Practical applications: A real blackout analysis. Frequency Stability and Control: Definitions and basic concepts. Control and protection: primary and secondary frequency regulation; automatic generation control (AGC); under-frequency relays. Practical applications: A real blackout analysis

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Energy Management & Auditing (CUFE) 12 credits The course focuses on Energy Management and auditing, the topics covered include but not limited to: Energy audit-need, Energy Management (audit) approach-understanding energy costs, Bench Marking, Energy Performance, matching Energy use to requirement, Maximising system efficiencies, Optimizing the input energy requirements, Fuel and Energy substitution, Energy sources, energy demand and supply, Energy crisis, future scenario; Energy system efficiency; energy conservation aspects; instrumentation and measurements. Principles of Energy Management and Energy audit: General Principles, planning and program; Introduction to energy Audit; Heating and Cooling Management: Electrical Load and Lighting management: Process Energy management: Integrated Building systems: Economics analysis. Use of computers; Management of energy with environment aspects. Laboratory: mini project on energy management and auditing Techno- Preneurship (CUPE 425) 12 credits The course focuses on Techno-preneurship and the topics covered include but we are not limited to: Nature and characteristics of entrepreneurship. Creativity and innovation, Product life cycle, market inception, forms of business organisation, route to market entry: new start up, buying existing business franchising, product protection: patents, trademarks, copyrights. Financial management, valuation and forecasting, fund raising and the finacial markets, winning negotiations, managing growth and growing global, the marketing environment, customer buying behaviour, financial management and banking. Design and Make Project (CUFE 403) 30 credits The project shall span over a period of two semesters beginning in semester 9. This course will facilitate the development of knowledge and skills that will allow candidates to design a prototype device, working individually or/and in a team. It provides students with opportunities to exercise and demonstrate their ability to co-ordinate their knowledge, experience and judgement in addressing major design projects and presenting their proposed solutions in a concise technical manner accompanied by engineering drawings consistent with professional engineering practice. The design is to be performed holistically, duly considering user needs, planning and managing the process, evaluating alternatives, analysing techno-economic performance, and communicating the design solution. Applying their design prowess, the students are expected to produce a prototype or functional gadget addressing a specific problem in the field of fuels and energy. Research Project (CUFE 404) 30 credits The research project shall span over a period of two semesters beginning in semester 9. The final year project is an important opportunity, at the end of the degree programme, to tackle a real engineering project that involves the creative application of scientific principles to the solution of problems in society. The student is expected to work on the project both individually and under the guidance of a supervisor. The project involves: a problem description or research hypothesis developed in consultation with a supervisor; reviewing the topic in detail and defining the boundaries (scope) carefully, to confirm an understanding of the requirements of the project; searching for, and critically engaging the relevant literature, selecting and justifying the most appropriate approaches to solving the problem or testing the hypothesis; analysis, simulation, designing, building, integrating and testing as appropriate, hardware and software; evaluating the project against the success criteria and design objectives; writing a report about the project, the findings, and any recommendations. An oral presentation and the preparation of an exhibit of the project is also required. The student is expected to submit two hard copies, a soft copy in the form of a CD of the thesis and a research paper draft from the thesis.

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Semester ten Industrial Management (CUPE 501) 12 Credits

The course focuses on Industrial Management. The topics covered in this course include but we are not

limited to: Introduction to management; strategic management, operations management , marketing

management . advertising, financial management and account , planning organizing leadership and

motivation theories and controlling . organizational behavior. Engineering ethics and contract

procedures. Law and the engineer, conditions of contract specifications, bills of quantities, standard

methods of measurement, standardization and codes of practice, professional activities, ethics and

aesthetics, project management, capital asset management. Organisation of companies, markets,

company structures, energy analysis of energy projects, economic viability of energy projects, industrial

research and development.

Nanotechnology for Energy Applications (CUFE) 12 credits The course focuses on Energy Nanotechnology and the topics covered in this course include but we are

not limited to: Introduction to Nanotechnology: Nanoscale, and quantisation, dimension, Nanoscale

forces, Nanoscale paradigm, Concept of emergence; Nanotechnology overview, Nanostructure of the

universe: Nanostructures and nanomaterials: properties, synthesis, and characterization;

Semiconductor and Nanoelectronics devices: Nanoelectronics overview, Solid state Electronic

devices, Nano Fabrication Techniques; Nanoengineered energy storage technologies, Nanoengineered

energy conservation technologies, Nanoengineered energy conversion technologies. Nanotechnology

applications; concentrated solar nanoparticles, nano-engineered polymer matrix, carbon nanotubes,

thermocell nanotube sheets for electricity generation, hydrogen fuel cells storage, piezoelectric

nanofibers, enhancing battery perfomance etc.

Laboratory: Thin film deposition, Modelling and simulation of Materials.

Elective (CUFE) 12 credits Design and Make Project (CUFE 403) 30 credits Final assessment of the project which was started in semester 9. This course will facilitate the development of knowledge and skills that will allow candidates to design a prototype device, working individually or/and in a team. It provides students with opportunities to exercise and demonstrate their ability to co-ordinate their knowledge, experience and judgement in addressing major design projects and presenting their proposed solutions in a concise technical manner accompanied by engineering drawings consistent with professional engineering practice. The design is to be performed holistically, duly considering user needs, planning and managing the process, evaluating alternatives, analysing techno-economic performance, and communicating the design solution. Applying their design prowess, the students are expected to produce a prototype or functional gadget addressing a specific problem in the field of fuels and energy. Research Project (CUFE 404) 30 credits Final assessment of the project which was started in semester 9. The final year project is an important opportunity, at the end of the degree programme, to tackle a real engineering project that involves the creative application of scientific principles to the solution of problems in society. The student is expected to work on the project both individually and under the guidance of a supervisor. The project involves: a problem description or research hypothesis developed in consultation with a supervisor; reviewing the topic in detail and defining the boundaries (scope)

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carefully, to confirm an understanding of the requirements of the project; searching for, and critically engaging the relevant literature, selecting and justifying the most appropriate approaches to solving the problem or testing the hypothesis; analysis, simulation, designing, building, integrating and testing as appropriate, hardware and software; evaluating the project against the success criteria and design objectives; writing a report about the project, the findings, and any recommendations. An oral presentation and the preparation of an exhibit of the project is also required. The student is expected to submit two hard copies, a soft copy in the form of a CD of the research project and a research paper draft from the research project. Electives for Semester 10: Tidal and Geothermal Energy (CUFE) 12 credits The course focuses on Tidal and geothermal energy; the topics covered in this course include but we are not limited to:Tidal energy, local changes in ocean water level, and causes of tidal waves. Ocean waves: causes of ocean waves. Potential energy in tidal waves. Heat from the earth and how it is generated: volcanoes, geysers, hot springs. Potential utilization of geothermal energy. Investment costs, Hot Dry Technology (HDT). Research and Development Geothermal Technology. Geological structure of the site (e.g. litho logy. Tectonics). Geothermal conditions (e.g thermal conductivity of the rock) geohydraulic conditions (e.g. permeability due to natural cleaverage). Geothermal properties (e.g composition of the rock). Energy, Environment and Sustainable Development (CUFE) 12 credits The course focuses on Energy, Environment and sustainable development; the topics covered in this course include but w e a r e not limited to:Fossil Fuels and The Environment, Nuclear Fuels and the Environment, Combustion generated pollution, Air pollution from fuel processing and chemical industries, incineration and waste disposal, water pollution, Greenhouse effect and Global warming, Controlling emission of Fossil Fuels, Thermal Pollution, and Environmental Aspects concerned with Hydro – Power, Energy Management and Control Systems, Principles of Energy Management, Energy conservation techniques in domestic, commercial and industrial installations, energy and social issues, energy security, energy and economic issues. Nuclear Energy Technology (CUFE) 12 credits The course focuses on Nuclea Energy technology; the topics covered include but we are not limited to: Fundamental principles of Nuclear energy physics-Rutherfoord’s nuclear atom model, proton-neutron theory, packaging fraction, pattern of nuclear stability, mass defect, binding energy, nuclear reactions and Q-value, transmutation by protons, and by photons, radioactive decay, fission and fusion reaction-critical energy, critical mass, super and sub-critical reactions, the nuclear reactor-types, neutron. Multiplication factor, non-leakage probability, reactor power generation rate, - nuclear power plants (NPP), Risk assessment and management. – Accident analysis, Chernobyl (1986) and Fukutshima (2011), nuclear waste disposal. Energy, Market, Policy and Legislation (CUFE ) 12 credits include but we are not limited to: Model of Perfect Competition, Models of Market Failures (monopoly, oligopoly, and externalities), Tradeoffs in Economic Regulation, Market Imperfections versus Regulatory Imperfections, Price Controls in Energy Markets, Petroleum Fuel Markets, the Problems of Price Controls, The Allocative Cost of Price Ceilings, Electricity Markets, Electricity Restructuring: Deregulation or Re-regulation?, The Trouble with Electricity Markets:, Energy Trading and Arbitrage, Competitive Bidding Behavior in Uniform-Price Auction Markets, Oligopoly Pricing and OPEC Simulation, Review of Oligopoly Pricing Models, Pricing of an exhaustible resource, Environmental and Natural Resource Economics, Petroleum and the Transportation Sector, Retail Petroleum., Fuel Economy Standards and Petroleum Taxes, Environmental Policy and the Energy Sector, Energy Policy Targeting Consumer Behavior, The Zimbabwe Energy Policy.

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Turbine Technology (CUFE ) 12 credits Mechanism of energy conversion in turbines, hydro turbines, runner, Euler ’s equation, impulse turbines, reaction turbines, energy changes, draft tube, turbine governing, turbine performance and selection. Steam turbines; components( nozzles, types of nozzles, flow of steam through nozzles, velocity of steam, continuity of flow), energy conversion and changes, impulse, reaction, mixed, axial, power developed, maximum power developed, turbine governing, turbine performance and selection. Gas turbines: energy extraction, energy changes, types of gas turbines, power developed, maximum power, components of gas turbines, selection, governing of gas turbines Pumps: principle, classification, NPSH, static lift, suction head, pump losses, pump efficiencies, cavitation and its prevention, characteristic curves, dimensional parameters, types of pumps, combination of pumps