Fross - THIRTYFIVE YEARS OF APPLICATION OF ... - Fross...2006/04/28 · the south and southeast of the city of Vienna, close to Vienna International Airport Schwechat. Construction

M. Fross: 35 years of application of micropiles in Austria

IWM 2006 - Schrobenhausen, Germany May 3-7, 2006 1

THIRTYFIVE YEARS OF THIRTYFIVE YEARS OF APPLICATION OF APPLICATION OF

MICROPILES IN AUSTRIAMICROPILES IN AUSTRIA

Manfred FROSSManfred FROSSDipl.Dipl.--Ing. Ing. Dr.technDr.techn., ., Ass.Prof.i.RAss.Prof.i.R. .

GeotechnicalGeotechnical ConsultantConsultantViennaVienna, , AustriaAustria

M. Fross: 35 years of application of micropiles in Austria 2

IWM 2006 - Schrobenhausen, Germany May 3-7, 2006

CONTENTSCONTENTS

IntroductionIntroductionTypesTypes of of micropilesmicropiles usedused in in AustriaAustria,,8 8 examplesexamples of of applicationsapplications of of micropilesmicropiles in in AustriaAustria betweenbetween 1971 and 20051971 and 2005ActivitiesActivities in in AustriaAustria to to promotepromote thethe useuse of of micropilesmicropilesClosingClosing remarksremarks



TypesTypes of of micropilesmicropiles

usedused in in AustriaAustria in in thethe

periodperiod firstfirstfromfrom 1971 1971 untiluntil

aboutabout 1980 1980



8 8 examplesexamples of of applicationapplication of of micropilesmicropiles in in AustriaAustria 1971 1971 -- 20052005

1) 1) KläranalageKläranalage GÜSSING/Burgenland 1971/72GÜSSING/Burgenland 1971/722) ÖBB2) ÖBB--Brücke Südtirolerplatz Brücke Südtirolerplatz ––U 1/U 1/ViennaVienna 1972/731972/733) Haus REISCH Schwarzsee bei KITZBÜHEL/3) Haus REISCH Schwarzsee bei KITZBÜHEL/TyrolTyrol 1974/751974/754) Halle DONAUPLASTIK 4) Halle DONAUPLASTIK AuhofAuhof//ViennaVienna 1976/771976/775) Freibad WILDSCHÖNAU/5) Freibad WILDSCHÖNAU/TyrolTyrol 1979/801979/806) Waldsiedlung BISAMBERG/6) Waldsiedlung BISAMBERG/LowerLower AustriaAustria 1992/941992/947) Kurzentrum BAD SAUERBRUNN/Burgenland 2001/027) Kurzentrum BAD SAUERBRUNN/Burgenland 2001/028) Tunnel RANNERSDORF S 1/8) Tunnel RANNERSDORF S 1/LowerLower AustriaAustria 2004/052004/05ExamplesExamples 1 to 3: Type “Wurzelpfahl“, 1 to 3: Type “Wurzelpfahl“, examplesexamples 4 to 6: Type 4 to 6: Type

GEWIGEWI--pilespiles, , ExampleExample 7: 7: typetype DUKTIlDUKTIl--pilespiles, , exampleexample 8: 8: GEWIGEWI--tensiontension--pilespiles. .



EXAMPLE No. 1EXAMPLE No. 1

A A newnew sewagesewage tank of Kläranlage tank of Kläranlage GÜSSING/Burgenland (10 m GÜSSING/Burgenland (10 m diameterdiameter, 13 m high) , 13 m high) was was builtbuilt withoutwithout anyany soilsoil investigationinvestigation, , foundedfounded on a on a spreadspread foundationfoundation ((slabslab). ). After a After a firstfirst test test fillingfilling withwith waterwater an an inclinationinclination withwith a a differential differential settlementsettlement of 25 cm of 25 cm occuredoccured..SupplementarySupplementary investigationinvestigation boringsborings showedshowed a a layerlayer of of peatpeat in in oneone boreholeborehole in a in a depthdepth of 7 m to 8 m.of 7 m to 8 m.Rehabilitation (Rehabilitation (underpinningunderpinning) was ) was performedperformed byby 16 16 micropilesmicropiles ((typetype Wurzelpfahl), Wurzelpfahl), thethe firstfirst applicationapplication of of micropilesmicropiles in in AustriaAustria, , executionexecution in in winterwinter 1972.1972.



SectionSection throughthrough thethe sewagesewage tank tank withwith differntialdifferntial settlementssettlements of 25 cmof 25 cm



ResultsResults of 2 of 2 supplementarysupplementary

boringsborings



Rehabilitation of Rehabilitation of thethe sewagesewage tank tank withwith16 16 micropilesmicropiles ((typetype „Wurzelpfahl“)„Wurzelpfahl“)





EXAMPLE No. 2EXAMPLE No. 2TheThe footingsfootings of a of a railwayrailway bridgebridge in VIENNA in VIENNA closecloseto „Südbahnhof“ to „Südbahnhof“ werewere strengthenedstrengthened byby micropilesmicropiles((typetype Wurzelpfahl) Wurzelpfahl) priorprior to to tunnelingtunneling worksworks of of ViennaVienna metrometro lineline U 1 (U 1 (tunneltunnel constructionconstruction of of thethe2 2 tubestubes withwith BADE BADE shieldshield machinemachine) in 1972/73.) in 1972/73.ItIt was was thethe firstfirst applicationapplication of of micropilesmicropiles forfora a publicpublic buildingbuilding in a in a cooperationcooperation of of thethe buildingbuildingauthoritiesauthorities of of ViennaVienna withwith AustrianAustrian railwaysrailways (ÖBB).(ÖBB).DisplacementsDisplacements duringduring pilingpiling and and tunnelingtunneling worksworkswerewere onlyonly 4 mm to 7 mm.4 mm to 7 mm.



Cross Cross sectionsectionthroughthrough thetherailwayrailway bridgebridgeand and thethe metrometrotunnelstunnels of U 1 of U 1

Time Time ––settlementsettlementbehaviourbehaviour duringduringpilingpiling and and tunnelingtunneling worksworks



EXAMPLE No. 3EXAMPLE No. 3A A newnew househouse (double (double bungalowbungalow) ) nearnearKITZBÜHEL/KITZBÜHEL/TyrolTyrol closeclose to to lakelake SCHWARZSEE SCHWARZSEE builtbuilt 1974 was 1974 was foundedfounded on a on a spreadspread foundationfoundation((reinforcedreinforced concreteconcrete slabslab d = 30 cm) on a d = 30 cm) on a compactedcompactedfillfill of of coarsecoarse material. No material. No soilsoil investigationsinvestigations werewere donedone. . Just Just beforebefore finishingfinishing thisthis househouse differential differential settlementssettlementsof of aboutabout 35 cm (!) 35 cm (!) occuredoccured..SupplementarySupplementary soilsoil investigationinvestigation showedshowed a a lenselense--likelikelayerlayer of of veryvery soft soft peatpeat betweenbetween a a depthdepth of 3 m to 5 m.of 3 m to 5 m.Rehabilitation (Rehabilitation (underpinningunderpinning ) was ) was performedperformed 1975 1975 byby21 21 micropilesmicropiles ((typetype Wurzelpfahl), Wurzelpfahl), boredbored throughthrough thethefoundationfoundation slabslab. .





TimeTime--dependantdependant settlementsettlement--behaviourbehaviourof of thethe buildingbuilding beforebefore and and afterafter thethe

underpinningunderpinning withwith micropilesmicropiles




An An newnew industrialindustrial buildingbuilding in in ViennaVienna ((prefabricatedprefabricatedreinforcedreinforced concreteconcrete elementselements) ) foundedfounded on on ratherrather smallsmallsinglesingle footingsfootings showedshowed differential differential settlementssettlements alreadyalreadyduringduring constructionconstruction workwork..A A looseloose fillfill of of coursecourse soilsoil material (material (sandysandy gravelgravel) was ) was notnot recognizedrecognized as a as a fillfill becausebecause of of insufficientinsufficient inin--situsitusoilsoil investigationinvestigation..Rehabilitation (Rehabilitation (underpinningunderpinning) was ) was performedperformed bybymicropilesmicropiles 1976/77. 1976/77. ItIt was was thethe firstfirst applicationapplication of of thethetypetype GEWIGEWI--pilepile in in AustriaAustria. .





Equipment Equipment forfor thetheinstallationinstallation of of thethe

GEWIGEWI--pilespiles in in 1976/771976/77



EXAMPLE No. 5EXAMPLE No. 5Freischwimmbad WILDSCHÖNAU/Freischwimmbad WILDSCHÖNAU/TyrolTyrol builtbuilt1978/79 1978/79 withoutwithout anyany soilsoil investigationinvestigation on on spreadspreadfootingsfootings onlyonly withwith an an exchangeexchange of of thethe upperupper soilsoil layerslayersagainstagainst a a veryvery coarsecoarse fillfill of of crushedcrushed rock material.rock material.2 2 swimmingswimming poolspools showedshowed differential differential settlementssettlements of of moremore 25 and 30 cm , a 25 and 30 cm , a restaurantrestaurant buildingbuilding aboutabout 18 cm.18 cm.SupplementarySupplementary investigationinvestigation boringsborings showedshowed layerslayers of of peatpeat to a to a depthdepth of 12 m of 12 m belowbelow thethe surfacesurface..Rehabilitation of Rehabilitation of thethe swimmingswimming poolspools ((stainlessstainless steelsteel) ) was was performedperformed byby drivendriven precastprecast reinforcedreinforced concreteconcretepilespiles, , rehabilitationrehabilitation ((underpinningunderpinning) of ) of thethe restaurantrestaurantbuildingbuilding was was performedperformed byby micropilesmicropiles ((typetype GEWIGEWI--pilepilewithwith double double corrosioncorrosion protectionprotection) in ) in winterwinter 1979/80. 1979/80.





TimeTime--dependantdependant settlementsettlementbehaviourbehaviour beforebefore and and afterafter

underpinningunderpinning withwith GEWIGEWI--pilespiles..



Installation of Installation of thethe GEWIGEWI--pilespiles

in in winterwinter 1979/801979/80




Waldsiedlung BISAMBERG/NÖ Waldsiedlung BISAMBERG/NÖ northnorth of of ViennaVienna, , builtbuilt 1992 1992 withoutwithout anyany soilsoil investigationinvestigation..2 2 newnew houseshouses on on spreadspread foundationsfoundations showedshoweddifferential differential settlementssettlements of 12 cm and 5 cm and a lot of of 12 cm and 5 cm and a lot of crackscracks. . ThisThis settlementssettlements werewere causedcaused byby a a smallsmall naturalnaturaltrenchtrench filledfilled withwith looseloose, , partlypartly organicorganic material (material (rootsrootsetc.) etc.) withoutwithout anyany compactioncompaction..Rehabilitation (Rehabilitation (underpinningunderpinning) was ) was performedperformed 1994 1994 bybymicropilesmicropiles ((typetype GEWIGEWI--pilepile) ) withwith specialspecial constructionconstructionof of thethe pilepile headsheads withwith additional additional reinforcementreinforcement ((againstagainstbendingbending momentsmoments) and ) and HILTIHILTI--dowelsdowels stickedsticked withwith a a pastepaste of of syntheticsynthetic resinresin to to thethe existingexisting wallswalls. .



GroundGround plan of plan of thethe houseshouses






FoundationFoundation of a of a newnew buildingbuilding of of sanatoriumsanatoriumKurzentrum Bad Kurzentrum Bad SauerbrunnSauerbrunn/Burgenland /Burgenland on on DUKTILDUKTIL--PilesPiles 2001/2002.2001/2002.SoilSoil conditionsconditions werewere ratherrather difficultdifficult: : youngyoung depositsdepositswithwith intermediateintermediate layerslayers of of peatpeat an soft an soft siltsilt..HigherHigher existingexisting buildingsbuildings werewere foundedfounded on large on large diameterdiameter boredbored pilespiles aboutabout 25 25 yearsyears agoago. . A A flatflat buildingbuilding of of thisthis sanatoriumsanatorium was was foundedfounded on on a a spreadspread foundationfoundation and and hadhad to to bebe underpinnedunderpinned bybymicropilesmicropiles ((typetype „„ROPRESSROPRESS--PilePile“) “) afterafter differential differential settlementssettlements of of moremore thanthan 12 cm 12 cm alreadyalready soonsoon afterafterconstructionconstruction in 1984. in 1984.



Elements of Elements of thetheDUKTIL DUKTIL –– PilePile,,

drivingdriving machinemachine withwithhigh high speedspeed --hydraulichydraulic hammerhammer



DUKTIL DUKTIL –– PilePile ((displacementdisplacement pilepile))diametersdiameters, , thicknessthickness of of wallswalls of of thethe

tubestubes, , designdesign loadsloads







EXAMPLE No. 8EXAMPLE No. 8Tunnel Tunnel RannersdorfRannersdorf, , aboutabout 1,9 km in 1,9 km in lengthlength, , partpart of of newnew highwayhighway S 1 „Wiener Außenring Schnellstraße“ in S 1 „Wiener Außenring Schnellstraße“ in thethe southsouth and and southeastsoutheast of of thethe citycity of of ViennaVienna, , closeclose to to ViennaVienna International Airport Schwechat.International Airport Schwechat.Construction of Construction of thethe tunneltunnel in in openopen excavationexcavation withwithsheetsheet pilepile wallswalls, , underwaterunderwater concreteconcrete slabslab, , stabilizedstabilizedagainstagainst upliftuplift duedue to high to high groundwatergroundwater byby micropilesmicropiles((typetype GEWI GEWI tensiontension pilespiles).).ExecutionExecution of of moremore thanthan 1200 GEWI 1200 GEWI pilespiles 2004/2005.2004/2005.TheThe higwayhigway was was openedopened forfor traffictraffic on April 28th, 2006. on April 28th, 2006.







Tunnel Tunnel RannersdorfRannersdorf,,longitudinal longitudinal geologicalgeological--geotechnicalgeotechnical

profileprofile





CrossCross--sectionssections of of thethe tunneltunnel



Model Model accordingaccording to ÖNORM to ÖNORM B 4435B 4435--2:19992:1999--04, 04, SectionSection 8, Fig.16 c)8, Fig.16 c)



Model Model accordingaccording to DIN 1054:2003to DIN 1054:2003--01, 01, SectionSection 8.5.4, Fig.2, 8.5.4, Fig.2,

forfor a a singlesingle tensiontension pilepile



Models Models accordingaccording to to

EUROCODE EUROCODE 77--1,1,

SectionSection 7,7,Fig. 7.1Fig. 7.1



ComparisonComparison of of thethe resultsresults of of thethe designdesignlengthlength of of thethe GEWIGEWI--tensiontension--pilespiles



Test Test devicedevice forfor loadload teststests to to proveprovethethe pull out pull out resistanceresistance of of GEWIGEWI--pilespiles



PilePile loadload test test provingproving thethe pull out pull out resistanceresistance of a of a GEWIGEWI--tensiontension pilepile



ResultResult of a pull out test of a pull out test



UnderUnder waterwater excavationexcavation







SectionSection of of thethegroundground plan plan forfor

thethe installationinstallation of of thethe GEWIGEWI--pilespiles







DivingDiving devicesdevices



Divers Divers workingworking



UnderUnder waterwater concretingconcreting



UnderUnder waterwater concreteconcrete slabslab and and GEWIGEWI--pilepile headsheads



CleaningCleaning and and compensationcompensation concreteconcrete





ReinforcementReinforcement of of thethe tunneltunnel basebase



CLOSING REMARKSCLOSING REMARKSAustriaAustria nownow has a has a traditiontradition of of applicationapplication of of micropilesmicropilesof 35 of 35 yearsyears..WeWe havehave a a widewide rangerange of of typestypes of of micropilesmicropiles, , bothboth boredboredpilespiles and and displacementdisplacement pilespiles..WeWe havehave severalseveral contractorscontractors offeringoffering thesethese different different typestypesof of micropilesmicropiles..These These contractorscontractors areare organizedorganized withinwithin VÖBU (VÖBU (AustrianAustrianassociationassociation of of specialspecial foundationfoundation contractorscontractors), ), affiliatedaffiliated to to EFFC (European EFFC (European FederationFederation of of FoundationFoundation ContractorsContractors).).ISM ISM -- International Society International Society forfor MicropilesMicropiles isis notnot yetyet knownknownin in AustriaAustria, , butbut I will I will trytry to do to do mymy best to bring best to bring thisthis newnewsocietysociety to to thethe attentionattention of all of all AustrianAustrian geotechnicalgeotechnicalengineersengineers workingworking in different in different fieldsfields ((sciencescience, , universitiesuniversities, , authoritesauthorites, , designersdesigners and and contractorscontractors). ).



ActivitiesActivities in in AustriaAustriain 2005in 2005

to to promotepromote thethe useuseof of micropliesmicropliesaccordingaccording to to

European Standard European Standard ÖNORM EN 14199ÖNORM EN 14199



ManyMany thanksthanks forfor youryour kindkind attentionattention!!

Documents

Fross - THIRTYFIVE YEARS OF APPLICATION OF ... - Fross...2006/04/28 · the south and southeast of the city of Vienna, close to Vienna International Airport Schwechat. Construction