Frontiersman or Front Man. Election of 1824 Marked an end to the “Era of Good Feelings” Also an...
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Andrew Jackson Frontiersman or Front Man
Frontiersman or Front Man. Election of 1824 Marked an end to the “Era of Good Feelings” Also an end to the “Virginia Dynasty” Jefferson, Madison, Monroe
Election of 1824 Marked an end to the Era of Good Feelings Also
an end to the Virginia Dynasty Jefferson, Madison, Monroe.
Slide 3
The Candidates John Quincy Adams (Secretary of State) William
H. Crawford (Secretary of Treasury) Andrew Jackson Henry Clay All
democratic-republicans Each with different personalities and
governmental beliefs
Slide 4
Slide 5
Results Jackson 99 E.C. 152,933 Popular votes Adams 84 E.C.
115, 696 Popular votes Crawford 41 E.C. 46, 979 Popular votes Clay
37 E.C. 47, 136 Popular votes Jackson did not have majority of E.C.
(Effect of Clay) Vote goes to the House of Representatives Clay,
coming in 4 th, is out of the race
Slide 6
Corrupt Bargain Clay uses his dislike of Jackson to sway
support to Adams Adams becomes president and appoints Clay to
Secretary of State. Jackson supporters denounce as a corrupt system
of elite interests without listening to the will of the people
Adams presidency marked by legislative opposition
Slide 7
Id rather be right than be president
Slide 8
Election of 1828 Easily won by Jackson over Adams More active
interest in politics emerged State organizations based on political
participation Mass campaigning encouraged participation Party
loyalty among politicians and public Jackson wins with coalition of
the North, South and West
Slide 9
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Slide 11
Age of the Common Man Jackson was a symbol of the possibilities
of personal advancement that frontier offered Strong executive who
largely ignored his cabinet Kitchen Cabinet: Nickname given by
political opponents of Jackson to his personal friends who were the
unofficial cabinet
Slide 12
Jacksonian Democracy Strengthens presidency by using veto more
often than all other presidents combined Overrode sectional
interests which made him very popular: In contrast to a time where
Congress was dominated by popular sectional figures: Clay, Calhoun,
Webster: All rivals of Jackson
Slide 13
Spoils System AKA Patronage System or Rotation in office
Practice of giving government jobs to friends as opposed to having
any sense of merit Jackson removed around 919 positions upon
assuming office Explained as reform or constructive turnover
Performance in public office, Jackson maintained, required no
special intelligence or training Would protect against corrupt
civil servants
Slide 14
Tariff of Abominations 1828 As the North industrialized, the
industries wanted protection from foreign competition Southerners
were outvoted by the North and West and tariffs were passed South
argued that the tariff was of sectional interest and only helped
some while harming others Claimed to be unconstitutional due to
violation of states rights
Slide 15
Cont John Calhoun of South Carolina writes a defense to
doctrine of nullification: States could refuse to enforce laws
deemed to be unconstitutional South Carolina nullifies a 1833
tariff and threatens to secede. Jackson considers the act treason,
obtains bill from Congress which allows him to collect tax by force
if necessary
Slide 16
Cont Henry Clay designs a compromise tariff that ends threat of
secession and civil war Reduced tariffs to 1816 levels
Slide 17
Veto of Maysville Road Bill 1830 Congress votes to allocate
funds for construction of a road near Maysville, Ky Jackson vetoed
claiming the funds were unconstitutional and funding should come
from state funds Loss for Henry Clay and supporters of Jackson in
the west
Slide 18
Jackson and Native Americans Policy of U.S. government towards
Nat-Ams had been to allow them to stay east of the Mississippi
River: As long as they attempted to adopt or assimilate white ways
TJ offered the alternative of removal to Indian Territory west of
the Mississippi River
Slide 19
Slide 20
Five Civilized Tribes Cherokees, Chickasaws, Choctaws, Creeks,
and Seminoles Cherokees had adopted many white customs Constitution
based on the U.S. Schools for children
Slide 21
Sequoyah Developed the Cherokee writing system
Slide 22
Indian Removal Act 1830 Appropriated funds for removal, by
force if necessary Some tribes negotiated treaties to leave
Cherokees decided to use the court system Cherokee Nation v Georgia
(1831) Worchester v Georgia (1832) Marshall ruled in favor of the
Cherokee Jackson ignores and continues with policy John Marshall
made his decision, now let him enforce it
Slide 23
Trail of Tears Cherokees, last of the 5 Civilized Tribes to
move Forcibly moved by the U.S. Army to present day Oklahoma Around
4,000 out of 15,000 died
Slide 24
Slide 25
Jacksons Bank War 2 nd Bank of the U.S. chartered 1816
Functioned as a quasi-private institution Held government money
Sold government bonds Made commercial loans Most important
function: Control over state banks which tended to issue more paper
money than they could back in hard currency Overall, the Bank acted
as a stabilizer by controlling money supply
Slide 26
Cont. Western farmers and speculators disliked the Bank Panic
of 1819 caused in part by the Bank by cutting back on available
credit Clay and Webster began an early push for a rechartering of
the 2 nd Bank Congress approved the application Jackson quickly
vetoed the Bank bill: Unconstitutional Harmful to states
rights
Slide 27
Election of 1832 and Bank War Jackson easily defeats Henry Clay
who was portrayed as the defender of the Bank and privilege Jackson
withdraws all federal deposits ($10 million) Places the money in
state banks called pet banks by critics Jacksons response was that
his election gave him authority to act against the Bank Other than
impeachment, not much Congress could do
Slide 28
Nicholas Biddle President of the National Bank Enemy of Andrew
Jackson
Slide 29
More Bank Backlash Effects Marked the end of Clays American
System Beginning of laissez-faire economic policy Formation of
permanent opposition political party: (American two-party system):
Whigs, which was a reference to the patriots who challenged King
George Refer to Jackson as King Andrew Believed he was acting more
like a tyrant than a president
Slide 30
Slide 31
Response of Nicholas Biddle As federal funds are withdrawn,
Biddle calls in Banks commercial loans Caused recession and panic
Merchants, businessman, southern planters outraged at Jackson
Slide 32
Specie Circular & Panic of 1837 Widespread use of paper
money issued by state banks alarms Jackson Issues the Specie
Circular that required all purchases of public lands be made in
hard currency Banks suspended business Led to the collapse of
banking system which led to worst recession to date Federal
government provided no assistance during this time (no bailouts,
etc)
Slide 33
Election of 1836 Whigs attempt to run 4 sectional candidates as
strategy to draw Electoral College votes away from VP Martin Van
Buren Would take the election to the House of Reps Strategy fails
Van Buren becomes known as Van Ruin Inherited all problems Jackson
left behind 4 dismal years in the White House
Slide 34
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Slide 36
Election of 1840 Whigs run William Henry Harrison Tippecanoe
and Tyler Too Easily defeats Van Buren Harrison dies a month after
taking office John Tyler becomes first president to assume office
upon death of the president Nicknamed His Accidency Turned out to
be anti-Whig and anti-Jackson Vetoed bills related to American
System