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8/8/2019 From Ideology to Geopolitics. Russia's Relations With the United States in the Post Cold War Era
1/11
STRATEGIC IMPACT No. 4/200878
ANALYSIS. SYNTHESIS. EVALUATIONS
Zoe PETRE, Strelna 2006
Conventional Force Treaty was meant to balance the
Secolul XX
40 Ibidem, p. 4.Ibidem, p. 4.41
42 Andrew JACK,Andrew JACK, op. cit. Filon MORAR,Filon MORAR,
(I)44 This part is based on the analyses that I developedThis part is based on the analyses that I developed
in the article 1989
45
Svante E. SOCOR, Geostrategic
Zbigniew BRZEZINSKI, ..,
p. 141.
Resursele energetice ,
48
50
de securitate
51 Zbigniew BRZEZINSKI,Zbigniew BRZEZINSKI, A plan for Europe, in
Taking sides. Clashing viewson controversial issues in world politics,
52
p. 110. Michel E. BROWN,Michel E. BROWN,
expansion, in John T. ROURKE, op. cit.54 Gilbert ACHCAR,Gilbert ACHCAR,
55 op. cit.Ibidem, pp. 110-111. Gilbert ACHCAR,Gilbert ACHCAR, op. cit58 Pierre LORRAIN,Pierre LORRAIN, op. cit., p. 12 ,
See
Stanislav SECRIERU,de ciclu? Simona SOARE,Simona SOARE, Parteneriatul NATO-Rusia.
op. cit.
Convorbiricu Vladimir Putin2000, p. 154.
[email protected]) is a teaching assistant within the Faculty ofis a teaching assistant within the Faculty ofteaching assistant within the Faculty of
His main interest areas are: International Relations, Geopolitics, Political History.
8/8/2019 From Ideology to Geopolitics. Russia's Relations With the United States in the Post Cold War Era
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STRATEGIC IMPACT No. 4/2008 77
ANALYSIS. SYNTHESIS. EVALUATIONS
overcome the present state of events coming from
forget that it is not the Soviet Union, even if
it demands to be treated in that manner. In the
NOTES:
1 Zbigniew BRZEZINSKI,Zbigniew BRZEZINSKI,
geostrategice
2 Geopolitica
Pierre LORRAIN,Pierre LORRAIN, Statele Unite
4 18th
5 Ibidem, pp. 20-21.Ibidem, pp. 20-21. 8
with Chechnya also for political and propagandistic
Musulmaniiceceni sau necesitatea inamicului intern, in Revista de
criza superputerii americane
10 Chechnya, oil and terrorism
(economic aspects),
11 Pierre LORRAIN,Pierre LORRAIN, op. cit., p. 21.12 Zbigniew BRZEZINSKI,Zbigniew BRZEZINSKI, A
domina sau a conduce 101.
Ibidem, p. 281.Ibidem, p. 281.14 Ibidem, pp. 40-41. In 2005, the military baseIbidem, pp. 40-41. In 2005, the military baseIn 2005, the military base
between the former protagonists of the Cold War.
15 members of this organism having conservative, anti-
American orientations.
op.
cit., p. 41. 18 Andrew JACK,Andrew JACK, Rusia lui Putin. Toamna
oligarhilor Nicolae FILIPESCU, Nicolae FILIPESCU,
Rusia20
to obtain a higher economical and political control
a geopolitical lack of balance at a global level, which
Pacea Rece. Noulimperialism al Rusiei
21Nicolae FILIPESCU,Nicolae FILIPESCU, ,
22 Istoria Kremlinuluide la Ivan cel Groaznic la Vladimir Putin
24 25 Andrew JACK,Andrew JACK, op. cit., p. 251. Ibidem, p. 251.Ibidem, p. 251.28
Zbigniew BRZEZINSKI,Zbigniew BRZEZINSKI, ..., p.
Russia and the return ofgeopolitics12.
Zbigniew BRZEZINSKI,Zbigniew BRZEZINSKI, ..., p.
Soviet space. Tatiana NICULESCU,Tatiana NICULESCU,Negocieri privind
, BBC Romanian.com, October 2005.
Andrew JACK,Andrew JACK, op. cit.
,
Filon MORAR,Filon MORAR,
(II). Revigorarea din epoca Putin
8/8/2019 From Ideology to Geopolitics. Russia's Relations With the United States in the Post Cold War Era
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STRATEGIC IMPACT No. 4/200876
ANALYSIS. SYNTHESIS. EVALUATIONS
reached alarming levels, Kremlin insistently
the Balkan Slavs, ever since they were part of the
Ottoman Empire. The second reason is a political
stirred the separatist movements in Chechnya and
campaign against terrorism, a new closenessarose, apparently more long-lasting, between
in matters of the North-Atlantic Alliance to the
concerning the propositions and elections NATO
have.58against terrorism, handling international crises, the
withdrawal from the Treaty on Conventional Armed
be perceived as a veiled attempt to coerce and
.On the other hand, the new body is challenged
and more internally fragmented partnership
risks becoming by de facto
start negotiations for the adherence not only with with Georgia and Ukraine bothered Kremlin
Georgia and Ukraine have been temporarily
and its main pillar, the US.
Besides the very position respective to this matter has been made
7. Conclusions
Moscow and Washington has not yet reached a
critical point. Its amelioration depends on the will,
diplomatic abilities and nevertheless the empathy
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STRATEGIC IMPACT No. 4/2008 75
ANALYSIS. SYNTHESIS. EVALUATIONS
mainly centred on military problems. Its main
democratic process from Central and Eastern
minority rights, which do not have any territorial
capacity to have them made compatible with those
of the Alliance.50
towards the East has held a central place on the
transatlantic partnership anchored in a central-
51
52
geopolitical aerial, giving way to a new arms race.
The Treaty on Conventional Armed Forces in
continent. or later, in a comeback of hostilities. Spreading
by the concern and resentments it generates in
Kremlin54.
not as rigid and tensed as they began to be after
a member of the North-Atlantic Alliance had been
55
The cooperation between the two parts has
Founding Act on Mutual Relations, Cooperation
and Security between NATO and the Russian
Federation.
received in that same year an adherence invitation,
.
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ANALYSIS. SYNTHESIS. EVALUATIONS
5. Hydrocarbon geopolitics
and Kremlins energetic arsenal 44
economic and geopolitical growth resides in its
Soviet area, there are also important hydrocarbon
45
According to the discoveries made in the early
point of view to those ones in the Middle East. The
as possible, their energetic independence. The
its monopole, Moscow has the has the advantage
being de facto
the chances of a partnership with the West are not
to be eliminated. Other states that are to be taken
A potential partnership regarding the gas trade
If the frictions between the US and the EU on
now, an essential partner to Moscow in Central
Asia. Likewise, India is an ascending power,
also growing. However, it is hard to believe that
relationship with China to the disadvantage of
from an economic point of view even for any
China and India. Also, the possibility that the
needed to satisfy the growing rate of demand.48
6. Post-Soviet Russia and the North-AtlanticAlliance: the prerequisites
of a new Cold War?
any attempt of the Soviet power to manifest an
transatlantic partnership has met its geopolitical
from the instabilities that derive from Central and
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STRATEGIC IMPACT No. 4/2008 73
ANALYSIS. SYNTHESIS. EVALUATIONS
neglected as a front-rank partner in solving the
the Treaty on Conventional Armed Forces in have represented the mostarchitect of the missile defence system, the former
of military missiles in Kaliningrad. Afterwards,
of the missile defence system in Poland and the
a new tensioning of the bilateral relations, which
the Kremlin made and a comparison of the present
40
American negotiations regarding the establishment
41
42
the potential threat represented by the political
regimes in North Korea and Iran. The contrast in
foreign policy between the former enemies in the
hydrocarbon deposits it possesses, in combination
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STRATEGIC IMPACT No. 4/200872
ANALYSIS. SYNTHESIS. EVALUATIONS
to Iraq also represented an important income and
, demographic and important role to play in the Middle East, as one
disaffection, avoiding boycotting the American
the UN still had in relation to the American giant. economic and politic terms with the late USSR,
within the UN.28
Nevertheless, the bilateral relations between
the two states had not yet reached a dramatic point.The common declaration over the new Russian-
American strategic relationship, whereby the
common interests and priorities were once again
stated.
with Washington, consisted of the mitigation
of the economic, demographic and ideological
ascension in world politics and economics. Having
However, a few years later, the strategic
4. The Russian offensive and the American
opinions and interests, of imperialism and of trying
the former Soviet area, and especially Central
Asia
meant a new worrying factor for the leaders at the
is placed by Andrew Jack two years earlier,
namely shortly before the terrorist attacks of
. Not to gain proportions.
The years that followed witness the downfall of
corresponds with the elimination, in the same year,
of American military bases from Central Asia.
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STRATEGIC IMPACT No. 4/2008 71
ANALYSIS. SYNTHESIS. EVALUATIONS
to maintain the petrol at a reasonable price, and
freeing the US by their strong dependence on the
1415, in order to yet againrepresent, dependent on American reciprocity,
operation will depend directly on the general
helped the former Cold War protagonists come
the German one, his option to boost the relationship
18 Theformer KGB agent regrets the disassembly of the
geopolitical catastrophe of the 20th, and
As we will try to demonstrate in this paper, this
desiderative represents the main driving force of
the 21st
3. The Second Gulf War and the dismantling
of the Russian-American alliance
Federation and the US, at the same time with a
represented by the impossibility of reaching an
agreement concerning the Iraqi problem and the
20 The relation between Washington and had been made respondent to accepting and
21,the difference between the American perception
22
in regard to the diplomatic efforts that had been
others, in the predictions some American analysts
proportion to the electoral motivations which have
24
a clean sweep and, by co-opting the nationalist
25
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STRATEGIC IMPACT No. 4/200870
ANALYSIS. SYNTHESIS. EVALUATIONS
time, showing a great presence of mind and real
2. The global campaign against terrorism
and the new geopolitical consonance between
the former protagonists of the Cold War
threat that the Islam poses on the former Soviet
of them still being tied to Moscow by defence
agreements, were the targets of some attacks
45
The wars in Chechnya have been another
Chechen territory, westward.
Moscow already held the geopolitical advantage
of controlling the access to the important energetic
Chechen territory. Instead, Chechnya had to
8
warfare re-engagement. The remembrance of the
point of view have led to this decision. Kremlin
the escalation of criminality and the political
10
The 2001 attacks against the US, as well as the
a little.11 enforcing its own position in relation to that one of
re-channel the traditional Middle Eastern hostility
12
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ANALYSIS. SYNTHESIS. EVALUATIONS
FROM IDEOLOGY TO GEOPOLITICS.
RUSSIAS RELATIONS WITHS RELATIONS WITHS RELATIONS WITH
THE UNITED STATESIN THE POST COLD WAR ERA
The implosion of the Soviet Union, after the
East European revolutions from 1989, announced
The Russian Federation, although weaken by
the tremendous ideological confrontation that
articulated international politics in the second half
of the last century, is eager to win back what itconsiders to be its rightful place on the international
relations stage. Crucially for achieving this goal is
the relation that Moscow cultivates with its former
enemy, the American superpower. The present
paper is trying to asses, focusing mainly on the
last decade, the major reference points of this
relationship.
Key-words: strategic cooperation, war against
terrorism, hydrocarbon geopolitics, security
disagreements, NATO expansion.
1. Post-imperial restructuring and hegemonic
opulence. Russian-American relations
at the beginning of the 21st century
In his well-known paper, The Grand
Chessboard: American Primacy and Its
Geostrategic Imperatives last decade of the 20threpresented as many remodelling attempts of
of its immediate geopolitical and geo-economic
perceived its relations with the West.
1tight collaboration with the US, in order to maintain
a bipolar world order and, at the same time, to attain
economic, social and administrative reformations
which came from an American initiative. Not
bearings towards controlling the former Soviet
Union area, trying to keep on its geopolitical
rediscovered, a theoretical orientation which arose
at the beginning of the 20th
2, as well as having the mission to be failed in this stage, too, having neither the political
Finally, the third stage is embodied by the
attempt of making a geopolitical triangle, which
nationalism, and by a more and more tightening
area. This third stage seemed to have reached
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FROM IDEOLOGY TO GEOPOLITICS.RUSSIAS RELATIONS WITH THE
UNITED STATES IN THE POST COLD WAR ERA
FROM IDEOLOGY TO GEOPOLITICS. RUSSIAS RELATIONS WITH THE UNITEDSTATES IN THE POST COLD WAR ERA
by Emanuel COPILA
Source:
Strategic Impact (Impact Strategic), issue: 4 / 2008, pages: 69-78, on www.ceeol.com.