RUSSIA

RUSSIA TODAY

Full name: Russian Federation

Population: 143,400,000 (9th) Capital: Moscow Area: 17,075,400 km² Monetary unit: Ruble (RU) Major language: Russian Major religions: Christianity, Islam,

Buddhism, Judaism

SOCIAL SCENARIO

Folk Culture

There are over 160 different ethnic groups and indigenous peoples in Russia. The most notable are :

 Ethnic Russians with their Slavic Orthodox traditions 

Tatars and Bashkir with their Turkic Muslim culture Buddhist nomadic Buryats and Kalmyks Shamanistic peoples of the Extreme North and Siberia Highlanders of the Northern Caucasus Finno-Ugric peoples of the Russian North

West and Volga Region

CuisineRussian cuisine widely uses :

• Fish • Poultry • Mushrooms • Berries • Honey

Crops of rye, wheat, barley, and millet provide the ingredients for various breads, pancakes and cereals, beer and vodka drinks. 

ARCHITECTURE

Since the Christianization of Kievan Rus' for several ages Russian architecture was influenced predominantly by the Byzantine architecture. Apart from fortifications , the main stone buildings of ancient Rus' were Orthodox churches with their many domes, often gilded or brightly painted.

VISUAL ARTS

Early Russian painting is represented in icons and vibrant frescos, the two genres inherited from Byzantium. As Moscow rose to power, Theophanes the Greek, Dionisius and Andrei Rublev became vital names associated with a distinctly Russian art.

MUSIC AND DANCE

Music is prevalent in Russia post the 19th century.

During the early 20th century, Russian ballet

dancers Anna Pavlova and Vaslav Nijinsky rose to fame,

and impresario Sergei Diaghilev and his Ballets Russes' travels abroad profoundly influenced the development of dance worldwide.

LITERATURE AND PHILOSOPHY

In the 18th century, during the era of Russian Enlightenment, the development of Russian literature was boosted by the works of Mikhail Lomonosov and Denis Fonvizin. By the early 19th century a modern native tradition had emerged, producing some of the greatest writers in Russian history like L.N.Tolstoy.

NATIONAL HOLIDAYS

There are 7 public holidays in Russia :

Orthodox Christmas (7 January)

 Defender of the Fatherland Day (23 February)

International Women's Day (8 March)

 Spring and Labor Day (1 May)

 Victory Day (9 May)  Russia Day (12 June)  Unity Day (4 November)

TOURISM

Tourism in Russia has seen rapid growth since the late Soviet times, first domestic tourism and then international tourism, fueled by the rich cultural heritage and great natural variety of the country. Major tourist routes in Russia include a journey around

the Golden Ring of ancient cities, cruises on the

big rivers like the Volga, and long journeys on the

famous Trans-Siberian Railway.

POLITICAL SCENARIO

GOVERNANCE

According to the Constitution of Russia, the country is a federation and semi-presidential republic, wherein the President is the Head of State and the Prime Minister is the Head of Government.The federal government composed of three branches:

Legislative Executive Judiciary

FOREIGN RELATIONS

Russia has a multifaceted foreign policy. As of 2009, it maintains diplomatic relations with 191 countries and has 144 embassies.

Russia maintains strong and positive relations

with other BRIC countries. In recent years, the country has sought to strengthen ties especially with the People's Republic of China by signing the Treaty of Friendship as well as building the Trans-Siberian oil pipeline geared toward growing Chinese energy needs.

LEADERS OF THE BRIC NATIONS IN 2008: (L-R) MANMOHAN SINGH OF INDIA, DMITRY MEDVEDEV OF RUSSIA, HU JINTAO OF CHINA AND LUIZ INÁCIO LULA DA SILVA OF BRAZIL.

MILITARY The Russian military is

divided into

the Ground Forces, Navy,

and Air Force. In 2006, the military

had 1.037 million personnel on active duty. It is mandatory for all male citizens aged 18–27 to be drafted for a year of service in Armed Forces.

POLITICAL DIVISIONS

ECONOMICAL SCENARIO

PRESENT ECONOMY

The economy of Russia is the 8th largest economy in the world by nominal value and

the 6th largest by Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) .

Russian economy is today considered by IMF (International Monetary Fund) and World

Bank a developing one.

Russia's economy grew 3.4% in 2012.

STATISTICS ON RUSSIAN ECONOMY

GDP $ 2.022 Trillion (2012, IMF) (nominal; 8th) 

$ 2.015 Trillion (2013 WB) (nominal; 8th)

$ 2.053 Trillion (2013 CIA and RIA) (nominal; 8th)

$ 2,513 Trillion (2012, IMF) (PPP; 6th)

$ 3.380 Trillion (2013 WB) (PPP; 5th)

GDP growth

3.4% (2012)  (1.8% Jan-Apr. 2013)

GDP per capita

$ 14,247 2012 (nominal; 47th)

$ 17,709 (2012 IMF) PPP 55th

GDP by sector

Agriculture: 4.4% industry: 37.6% Services: 58% (2012 est.) 

Populationbelow poverty line

13% (2012)

STATISTICS ON RUSSIAN ECONOMY

Exports $542.5 billion (2012 est.)

Export Goods

Petroleum And Petroleum Products, Natural Gas, Metals, Wood And Wood Products, Chemicals, And A Wide Variety Of Civilian And Military Manufactures

Imports $358.1 billion (2012 est.) 

Import Goods

Machinery, Vehicles, Pharmaceutical Products, Plastic, Semi-finished Metal Products, Meat, Fruits And Nuts, Optical And Medical Instruments, Iron, Steel

Gross External Debt

$455.2 billion (31 December 2012 est.)

Public debt

11% of GDP (2012 est.)

•Revenues $469 billion (2012 est.)

•Expenses $414 billion (2012 est.)

The Present Economy Of Russia Depends On:

Macro Economy Natural Resources Sectors Investment

Macro Economy

GDP Monetary Policy

Fiscal Policy

Public Debt

GDP: $ 3.380 Trillion (2013 ) GDP Growth: 1.8% (Jan-Apr. 2013) Monetary Policy: Russian economic institutes have started

the "flexible" ruble policy. As a result  of the activity of Russian Central Bank - the lowest inflation level was achieved in 2011-2012 - 6.6%.

Fiscal Policy: Fiscal Policy in Russia has been very disciplined since the 1998 debt crisis. Funding for the four

"national projects", undertakings in Agriculture, Education, Housing and Healthcare, increased by 85 billion Rubles (RU) over the 2006 figure to 230 billion Rubles (RU).

Public Debt: Before 2008 government domestic debt issuance was a relatively small figure at 170 – 250 billion Rubles (RU) annually. The government expects the budget to

be in the red (to a surplus of 600 billion RU) from 2012 till at least 2014.

THE RECENT AND PROJECTED GDP GROWTH OF RUSSIA

NATURAL RESOURCES

Natural resources, especially Oil and Gas, dominate Russian exports.

The Petroleum Industry in Russia is one of the largest in the world.

Russia has the largest reserves, and is the

largest exporter, of Natural Gas.

It has the 2nd largest Coal reserves.

It has the 8th largest Oil reserves, and is the largest exporter of oil in the world.

Russia is also a leading producer and exporter of

Minerals and Gold.

SECTORS

INDUSTRIAL

DEFENCE

AIRCRAFT

SPACE

RAILWAYS

AUTOMOBILE

ELECTRONICS

TELECOMUNICATIONS

AGRICULTURE

TRANSPORTATION

TRADE

INFORMATIO

N

TECHNOLOG

Y

INVESTMENT In 1999, investment increased by 4.5%, the first such

growth since 1990. Investment growth has continued at high rates from a very low base, with an almost 30% increase in total foreign investments in 2001.

 Foreign investment in Russia is very low. A significant drawback for investment is the banking

sector. Russia's banks contribute only about 3% of overall investment in Russia.

Money on deposit with Russian banks represents only

7% of GDP.  Sberbank receives preferential treatment from the

state and holds 73% of all bank deposits.

Strategic SectorsIn the Russian law, there are sectors of the

economy which are considered to be crucial for national security and foreign companies are restricted from owning them. Investments in the so-called Strategic Sectors are defined in a law adopted by the Federal Assembly of Russia.

FDI activity into Russia by emerging economies remained low between 2007 and 2011. India and China each accounted for less than 2% of FDI projects in Russia. Brazil established just two projects in the country.

Mergers and AcquisitionsFrom 1993 to 2010, Russian companies

have been involved as either an acquirer or

acquired company in 13,834 mergers and acquisitions with a total known value of 613 bil. USD.

The number of deals that happened in 2010 have been 3,662, which is a new record; compared to 2009 this was an increase of 12%.

The value of deals in 2010 was

US$100 billion, which was the second highest number ever; compared to 2009 this was

an increase of 143%.

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