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Friendly Warning : Test # 2 next Week (Thursday) 19 July 2012. Covers “1950s”: Chapters 2 & 3. Chapter 3 Overview. 1959 – 1963 : “End” of Rock ‘n Roll until the “British Invasion” (Beatles, etc.) - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Friendly Warning :Test # 2 next Week
(Thursday) 19 July 2012
Covers “1950s”:Chapters 2 & 3
Chapter 3 Overview• 1959 – 1963 : “End” of Rock ‘n Roll until the “British
Invasion” (Beatles, etc.)• Return to old-fashioned marketing (Tin Pan Alley)
- market segmentation into teenyboppers and older• “Brill Building” - Aldon Music
- Sedaka, King, Weil & Mann, Barry & Greenwich, etc.- Manufactured “talent” (Avalon, Fabian, etc.)- Rise of the Producer (Phil Spector, etc.)
• “Soul” Music – R & B goes mainstream• Rockabilly goes Pop• Surf Music from California• Folk Music influences – politics & social issues
Brill Building• North end of Times Square• Aldon Music locates here• “Vertical integration” of
- songwriting- demos- publishing- recording & distribution
• Producers in charge• Songwriting to order• Girl Groups
1619 Broadway
Brill Building Sound (early ‘60s)• King & Goffin :
YouTube - THE SHIRELLES-WILL U STILL LOVE ME TOMORROW (1960)
• King & Goffin : YouTube - Little Eva The Locomotion (1962)
• Sedaka & Howie Greenfield: Stupid Cupid Connie Francis - YouTube
• Ellie Greenwich & Jeff Barry : The Ronettes - YouTube
• Ronald Mack (manager, not a songwriter) : THE CHIFFONS (HIGH QUALITY) - HE'S SO FINE *Different version* - YouTube (1963, pop #1) (rejected by Capitol records as “too trite…too simple”)
Carole King (b. 1942) & Gerry Goffin (b. 1939)
Neil Sedaka (b. 1939)
Howie Greenfield (1936-86)
(Jerry) Lieber and (Mike) Stoller• R & B composers/producers
• Numerous crossover hits (“Hound dog”, “Kansas City”)
• “We thought we were black….”
• “….we write records”
• Musical stories in well produced formats (first for R&B)
• Ex. The Coasters - Charlie Brown - YouTube
• Ex. YouTube - Down in Mexico by The Coasters (text, p. 129)The Coasters
Phil Spector(b. 1939)
• Session musican/composer• Producer as “star”• “Wall of Sound”• Examples
- Da Doo Ron Ron by The Crystals (Lyrics) – YouTube
- YouTube - The Ronettes - Be My Baby (Lip sync)- The Crystals - Then He Kissed Me (1963) – YouTube
• Recently……
Convicted of 2nd degree murder (2009)
“You’ve Lost That Lovin’ Feelin’”• Composed by Cynthia Mann,
Barry Weill, Phil Spector
• “too slow, too long”- “3:05” on label(over 3:45 on air)
• Bridge changes mood!?
• # 1 in 1965 (US), # 1 in UK in 1965, 1969, 1990)
• YouTube - Righteous Brothers You've Lost That Lovin' Feelin' (45 RPM)
• BMI: “Most played song of the 20th Century”
The Righteous Brothers (Medley
and Hatfield)
R&B Before “Soul”• Nate King Cole (1919-1965)
- jazz pianist & singer- Ex. NAT KING COLE - SEND FOR ME– YouTube (pop # 6)
• Johnny Mathis (b. 1935)- “pop” singer (“romantic” album)- Ex. Johnny Mathis - Chances Are– YouTube (1957, Pop # 1)
• Ray Charles (1930-2004)- R&B, Country, Gospel, etc.- Ex. Ray Charles - I Got A Woman –YouTube (1955 R&B #1)- Cf. The Southern Tones "It Must Be Jesus“954 Duke 205 Gospel Series – YouTube
“Sweet Soul”• Born Mississippi
- son of Baptist Minister (w/ 8 children)- Gospel singer from about age of nine
• The Soul Stirrers (founded 1926, Texas)- leading Gospel Quartet- Cooke joins c. 1940- The Soul Stirrers Featuring Sam Cooke - He'll Make A Way – YouTube (C.1954)- Soul Stirrers-Be with me, jesus – YouTube(1955)- The Soul Stirrers - Wonderful (Sam Cooke) – YouTube (1956)
• Move to Secular/Popular (c. 1956/57)- first recordings under pseudonyms- YouTube - Sam Cooke - You Send Me (# 1on Pop and R&B)- SAM COOKE- "CHAIN GANG" – YouTube- Sam Cooke Twistin' the Night Away lyrics – YouTube
- YouTube - Sam Cooke Tribute (mix of excerpts w/ history)
Sam Cooke(1931-64)
Doo Wop• Drifters (Doo Wop vocal group)
- backup to Clyde McPhatter (since 1953)- group “fired” 1958
• (New) Drifters formed 1958/59- Ben E. King as lead vocals
• Examples- Ben E. King and The Drifters - There Goes My Baby – YouTube (1959)- YouTube - The Drifters - Up On The Roof (1963)- THE DRIFTERS-ON BROADWAY. – YouTube (1953)
• Ben E. King- fired from Drifters - Ben E King - Spanish Harlem – YouTube- YouTube - Ben E. King - Stand by me (note circular harmonies: I-vi-IV-V)
The Drifters (original group)
The Drifters (replacements)