• Freud’s theory of personality, and also his associated treatment techniques.

• A method of exploring the unconscious mind during psychoanalysis, it encourages a patient to relax and say whatever comes to mind, no matter how trivial or embarrassing.

• According to Freud, this is the part of the mind that is hidden, wherein we store unacceptable thoughts, memories and desires.

• According to Freud, this is the part of our personality that exists to fulfill sexual and aggressive drives.

• According to Freud, this is the part of the personality that mediates between the part that wants immediate gratification and the part that serves as our conscience.

• According to Freud, this is the part of our personality that is idealistic; our conscience.

• During this Freudian stage of development, pleasure is centered on the mouth.

• During this Freudian stage of development, pleasure is centered on bladder and bowel elimination.

• During this Freudian stage of development, pleasure is centered in the genitals.

• During the phallic stage, according to Freud, a boy may develop this complex in which he sexually desires his mother and feels jealous and competitive toward his father.

• To cope with the unconscious conflict of the Oedipal/Electra complex, a boy or girl will go through the process of ________, during which they incorporate the characteristics of the same-sex parent into their own personality.

• According to Freud, a person may lock their pleasure-seeking energy into a specific stage, which could lead to maladaptive adult behavior. This “locking” is known as ___________.

• During this Freudian stage of development, sexual feelings lie dormant.

• During this Freudian stage of development, a person’s sexual interest matures and he or she is able to consider the sexual pleasure of another person, as well as their own.

• This neo-Freudian proposed the idea of an inferiority complex.

• This neo-Freudian countered Freud’s assumption that women have weak superegos and suffer from penis envy.

• The neo-Freudians agreed with Freud that unconscious issues in childhood are crucial parts of personality formation, but believed that these issues were not sexual tensions, but __________.

• This neo-Freudian believed that our unconscious minds contain more than repressed thoughts and feeling, and that humans share a “collective unconscious.”

• According to Carl Jung, humans have a common reservoir of images derived from our species’ universal experiences. He called this the ____________.

• According to Carl Jung, people in many different cultures have access to a collective unconscious, and thus develop myths and symbols, such as “The Evil One.” These symbols are known as ____________.

According to Freud, these are methods by which our ego reduces anxiety by unconsciously distorting reality.

• This kind of personality test presents a subject with an ambiguous stimulus and asks the subject to describe or tell a story about it.

• This projective test uses ambiguous inkblots to assess personality.

• This projective test asks subjects to make up stories about an ambiguous picture. It is used to assess inner feelings such as achievement motivation.

• Research shows that the Freudian concept of ________ is largely a myth, since most survivors of childhood trauma remember the events clearly.

• According to Freud, this is the banishing of anxiety-arousing thoughts and feelings.

• This humanist psychologist created a hierarchy of needs.

• The emphasis in humanistic psychology is not on the unconscious mind, but on this.

• According to Freud, this is retreating to an earlier, more infantile stage of development.

• According to Maslow, this is the process of fulfilling our potential, and the highest level of human need.

• According to Freud, this is unconsciously switching unacceptable impulses to their opposites.

• According to Freud, this is disguising one’s own threatening impulses by attributing them to others.

• According to Freud, this is generating self-justifying explanations in order to hide from the real reason for our actions.

• According to Maslow, people will sacrifice a ______ level need in order to get a _____ level need fulfilled.

• According to Freud, this is shifting unacceptable impulses toward a more acceptable or less threatening object or person.

• According to Maslow, once needs for personal safety and physiological needs are both met, we become concerned with this need.

• According to Freud, this is the rechannelling of unacceptable impulses into socially approved activities.

• According to Freud, this happens when our sense of security is threatened, esp. by death, and is the tendency to deny an event or feeling.

• Recent research supports Freud’s contention that humans seek to protect ourselves against anxiety.One source of this anxiety is the terror resulting from the awareness of our vulnerability and death. This theory is known as ________.

• According to Maslow, people who are self-actualized have been moved by personal or spiritual _______ experiences.

• This humanistic psychologist is the founder of client-centered therapy.

• A major component of client-centered therapy is this way of viewing another person; an attitude of total acceptance.

• According to humanist psychology, this is the sum of our thoughts and feelings about ourselves, in answer to the question, “Who am I?”

• According to contemporary views of personality, these are people’s characteristic behaviors and conscious motives. They are assessed by self-report inventories and peer reports.

• This is the most widely used personality inventory and is used to assess emotional disorders, among other things.

• When a test has been developed by testing a large pool of test questions and then selecting only those questions for the test that reliably discriminate between groups, the test is said to be ________.

• Name the Big 5 Personality factors.

• When someone is organized, careful and disciplined, he or she would score highly on this Big 5 factor.

• Someone who is soft-hearted, trusting and helpful would score highly on this Big 5 factor.

• A person who is calm, secure and self-satisfied would achieve a low score on this Big 5 factor.

• Someone who is imaginative, independent and has a preference for variety (likes to try new things) would score highly on this Big 5 factor.

• A sociable, fun-loving and affectionate person is said to be __________, whereas a retiring, sober and reserved person is said to be ________.

• Critics of the trait perspective point out that specific behavior varies as a person’s inner disposition interacts with his environment. This is known as the _____ contraversy.

• According to the social-cognitive perspective, personality and environment interact. People choose a specific environment, which has an effect on the person’s thoughts and behavior. This is known as _________.

• An acquired state of hopelessness and passive resignation after repeated exposure to an inescapable trauma.

• People who believe they control their own destiny have a ____________.

• People who believe forces beyond their control determine their fate have a _______.

• This view of personal control is associated with less depression, better health, greater self-control, and higher academic achievement.

• This social psychologist proposed that personality is formed by an interaction between people and their social context.

• This perspective of personality emphasizes that behaviors are learned through conditioning or by observing others and modeling their behavior, added to the mental process of thinking about situations.

• This negative attributional style is also know as__________.

• This positive attributional style is also known as __________.

• A characteristic way of explaining positive or negative events is known as one’s _______________.

• People with an optimistic attributional style are more persistant and more healthy than those with a pessimistic attributional style. However, excessive optimism can blind us to real risks. This kind of optimism is known as ____________.

• People are most overconfident about things they are least __________ doing.

• People with this attribute have fewer sleepless nights, conform less, persist more, are less shy and lonely, and tend to be happy.

• People with this attribute (even temporarily) tend to be thin-skinned and judgmental; they may be overly critical and more likely to disparage others.

• Our tendency to overestimate the extent to which others notice and evaluate our appearance, performance and mistakes.

• Our tendency to perceive ourselves in a favorable light.

• People accept _______responsibility for good deeds and _______ responsibility for bad.

• Most people see themselves as:

• A. below average

• B. average

• C. above average