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Fresnel Lens Tunnel (FLT) Solar Concentration Technologyfor Thermal Decomposition of CO2 & H2O
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Preface
I thank all the above authors and their respective organizations for the effort and resources deployed to create these invaluable reports.
Rajesh Jain, [email protected]
+91 98220 53154
Efforts In The Last 40 Years . . .
“ … Achieving commercial viability, in a reasonable time frame will require rapid and continuous advances to improve efficiency and durability ..”
“.. Critical to future cost reduction is the ability to maximize conversion efficiency and thereby reduce the size of the solar field ..”
“.. Beyond these considerations , a suitable thermo-chemical material will be stable to both physical and thermal degradation..”
“ The possible extent of reaction is also limited by thermodynamics such as temperature and oxygen partial pressure, but may also be limited by heat and mass transfer “
The Enigma
“ .. The input solar flux and thermal reduction kinetics need to be coupled in such a way that heat flux does not outpace that determined by the kinetics of the reduction step. Otherwise, thereduction temperature will increase beyond the desired level, and thereby increase the apertureradiation losses. The converse is the case if the solar flux is below that required by the kinetics. “
Solar reactor: design for efficiency, sensible heat recuperation, ease of fabrication, ease ofmaintenance
The main challenge facing the metal oxide/redox option is the need for a material with much higher oxygen storage
“Major improvements in redox materials, reactor design and sensible heat recovery and use are required if this efficiency target is to be reached. “
Contents
▪ Background
▪ FLT Technology
▪ Reactors, Temperatures & Conveying
▪ FLT Credentials & Disruptions
▪ Applications Being Researched
▪ Possible Future Scenario by Anmol Jain, 2018 PG Intern.
▪ Vision & Business
“Dream Is Not That You See In Sleep, Dream Is Something That Does Not Let You Sleep” APJ Abdul Kalam
The 7KW R&D ‘Workhorse’
The starting pointResearch Paper By Aston University, Birmingham, UK
Background
“Dream Is Not That You See In Sleep, Dream Is Something That Does Not Let You Sleep” APJ Abdul Kalam
Background ➢ It’s a Battle for the Future, to Reduce & Capture CO2 emissions, to change climate change . . .for existence!➢ It’s Energy Security, Storage, Batteries & Domination V/s Renewable-Hydrogen, Fuel Cells & Freedom➢ Solar Thermal Pathways to produce Solar Fuels await ‘that breakthrough’ for economic viability. Redox cycles, high
temperature electrolysis & thermolysis are also being perused for future fuels. Redox cycles for Ceria (CeO2) are the most researched & experimented pathway and they should provide that envisaged ‘breakthrough’ in the immediate future. Major engineering challenges documented by scholars & solutioned by us are explained hereinafter:
➢ Non availability of a commercial experimental solar furnace for scaled field testing of lab results, necessitated the manufacturing of customized & expensive solar reactors, to be used in available Solar Furnaces. It is envisaged that an ‘Optimized’ solar furnace with a simple reactor, will bring down the costs of such field testing and numerically increase the field testing by academia and industry to enhance the probabilities for an early 'breakthrough’
➢ No experimental solar furnace, has ever been designed keeping mass transfer of stock/feed in mind, causing major limitations in conducting ‘realistic’ scaled field experiments. The maximum REDOX material heated in a field experiment (Hydrosol 3) was about 88 KG. The time taken to complete the cycle was about an hour.
➢ As the REDOX cycles are an instantaneous surface phenomena, questions are being raised “can heating of this 88 kg be done in say 15 minutes instead of 1 hour? if it can, then the reduction rate Quadruples!” Thus, suggestions for ultrahigh temperatures with ultrahigh heat rates emerged. Similarly demand has been made, for conveying of REDOX material for separation of Reduction & Oxidizing zones to maximize REDOX throughput & avoid temperature swings. There’s also a demand to envisage storing of reduced metal oxides, over time, for on-demand-hydrogen.
“The Only Thing That Will Redeem Mankind . . . Is Co-operation” Bertrand Russell
Future of Mobility (kindly click, open in new window, watch video, close Tab and continue with Presentation)
➢ Non Availability of desired reduction temperatures, & heat rates, to avoid material degradation, led to research in attempting the lowering of Reaction Temperatures by using catalysts. These catalysts are now imposing their own penalties and these challenges are being sought out. Scientists confide, ‘it seems we’ve have entered a circular maze’. Out there, It’s a battel between proponents and opponents with millions of dollars being spent on this research!
➢ Reduced size of the set-up for distributed generation with reduced T4 losses at such high temperatures has also been envisaged
➢ High Temperature Solar Technologies (HTST) is a self-funded, Deep-Tech spinoff of Classic Automotive Industries Pvt.Ltd. The 20 year experience in requirement analysis for efficient production & process engineering, enabled us tounderstand and comprehend the challenges and the requirements of the scientific community pursuing Solar Fuels
➢ Team HTST, led by Rajesh Jain(CEO), Venkatesh Iyengar(Transmissions), Sanjay Jadhav(Field Validation), YuvrajTelang(Design Validation) & Sandeep Amre(Accounts) conceptualized, designed, patented & prototyped a commercialsolar apparatus and are achieving ultrahigh temperatures (~2200 0C as of Feb 2019), in controlled environment, withheat rates of above 300 0 C/Second! We also equipped the manufactured ‘PoC’ with customizable mass transfer
➢ In our discussions with international scholars, we realized that after the 1st Oil Crisis of the 70s, 6 countries thatinitiated a ‘Solar Furnace Program’ for research, are the pioneers in Solar Fuels today. With major engineeringchallenges taken-care-of, we endeavor to initiate an accelerated Solar Fuel research program in select countries
➢ We also strive to ‘eyeball the $7 trillion crude industry’ by propagating this technology in these select countries,opportune local manufacturing , numerically increase Academia-Industry ‘realistic’ field trials, and mitigating risks toachieve that impending ‘breakthrough’ in the coming 5 to 7 years
Background
“The Only Thing That Will Redeem Mankind . . . Is Co-operation” Bertrand Russell
FLT Technology
Credits Eureka Moment :
Sand Art of The Fugu Fish
The Manufactured 1.125 KW PoC
Noah Looked Like An Idiot, Untill It Started to Rain. . . Keep Building ! Anonymous
Enables convergence of foci, generated by multiple lenses to a point
Reactor, Temperature & Conveying (PoC)
Colour Change & Forced Sputtering on Al2O3 tube (Purity 96%)
Feedstock Irradiation : Push mechanism; 2000+ Deg C,5mm band; all around; View through Shade 14 Welding Glass
Irradiation in progress , View Through Shade 4 Welding Glass
Controlled Environment Quartz Tube Reactor; Test Piece : Al2O3 tube, 12mm OD, 8mm ID x 35mm long; Conveying & Irradiating Using WC Rods for High Temperature Use
Providing Temperatures & Conveying , Considered ‘Impractical’ In A Commercial Apparatus, Untill 2017. hitempsolar.com
Kindly Click , Open New Tab, play to Watch Mentioned Video , Close Tab & continue the presentation
1) Temperature Video
2) Conveying Video
3) Ratings Video
FLT Credentials & Disruptions
Credentials Disruptions
▪ Patented in India, PCT Examined & GCC Filed▪ Enables convergence of foci, generated by
multiple lenses, leading to concentration of ultrahigh temperatures and power/heat to a small area, thereby also reducing T4 losses
▪ NTKJ, Japan, has quoted to design and manufacture the worlds largest Fresnel Lens having a diameter of 5 Mtrs !
▪ Manufactured ‘PoC’ to be used in an upcoming ‘Solar Fuel’ research program with DLR(German
Aerospace) & IITM (IIT Madras) as PI, along with 1 German & 2 Indian Industry partners – Contract Signed
▪ Providing a commercial solar concentrator capable of operating at temperatures of over 25000 C, in a controlled environment and equipped with customizable mass transfer
▪ Providing Ionized Steam!, which may open up new landscapes for Solar Fuel research; Example 1; Electro-Chemistry; Example 2; Electro-Physics & that’s just our effort, Academia may envisage better!
▪ Providing this concentration technology as modified ‘solar pumped lasers’ , to be used as an economical, ultra high temperature Faux Fusion Reactor (FFR) for research
Empowering Avant-Garde Academia For The Coming Future of Solar Fuels ! hitempsolar.com
NTKJ, Japan’s Quote for the 5Mtr Lens
“Daring Never Goes Out Of Style” Talismanist Giebra
Example-1 High Temperature Electrolysis Example-2 MHD Electrolysis
Application
Example-3 Metal Oxide REDOX Cycles Example-4 Coal Gasification in Power Plants
“Logic Will Take You From A To B . . . Imagination , Everywhere !” Albert Einstein
Possible Future ScenarioHYDROGEN PRODUCTION BY REDOX CYCLES IN
A 419 KW FURNACE
By Anmol Jain,PG student Missuouri S&TPost Graduate Intern, High Temperature Solar Technologies, Pune, India
Famous Ferris Wheels of the World
“Daring Never Goes Out Of Style” Talismanist Giebra
The ‘Ferris’ 7KW FLT
“Daring Never Goes Out Of Style” Talismanist Giebra
7KW FLT R&D Workhorse to be used by Academia and Industry
The UNTOLD Future Temperatures above 3000 0 C i.e. 3273 0 K ; Power Ratings ½ Mega Watt
245 KW 500 KW
“Daring Never Goes Out Of Style” Talismanist Giebra
Pilot Plant 50KW Concept 1 : Half Time Reduction AND Oxidation Cycles
Distributed GenerationHaving Automated Stock movement within the plant
“A New Time Gives Birth To New Ideas” Sunday Adelaja
Pilot Plant 50KW Concept 2 : Full Time Reduction OR Oxidation Cycles
Centralized Generation
Stock to be physically moved between the Reducing & Oxidizing Plants
Reduction Plant Oxidization Plant
“A New Time Gives Birth To New Ideas” Sunday Adelaja
Predicted Temperature Vs Efficiency Curve
“Great Discoveries Are Made Accidentally Less Often Than The Populace Likes To Think ” William C Dampier
Hydrogen Production at Envisaged Efficiency
“Don’t Call It A Dream … Call It A Plan !”. Zelana Montiminy
Guesstimates Using Concept 2 : Full Time Reduction OR Oxidation Plants
Possible Future ScenarioHYDROGEN PRODUCTION BY DIRECT THERMOLYSIS
IN A ½ MW FURNACE
By Anmol Jain,PG student Missuouri S&TPost Graduate Intern, High Temperature Solar Technologies, Pune, India
Direct Thermolysis
Providing Temperatures Considered ‘Impractical’ In A Commercial Apparatus, Untill 2017. hitempsolar.com
Direct Thermolysis
Providing Temperatures Considered ‘Impractical’ In A Commercial Apparatus, Untill 2017. hitempsolar.com
Data / Assumptions / Guesstimates
& . . . Yes ! . . . That’s Our Dream !. hitempsolar.com
Example-2 MHD Electrolysis
Credits: SZ BaykaraDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Yıldız Technical University, İstanbul, Turkey
Credits : Atsushi TsutsumiUniversity of Tokyo, for UNESCO EOLSS
Vision, Business
Vision Business – Phase I
▪ Scaled efforts being made by a hand-full ▪ ‘Other’ factors may also be prolonging an
impending breakthrough in Solar Fuels ▪ Envisage propagating this Technology in
select Countries by encouraging a Solar Furnace Program & local manufacturing through partnerships and licences leading to a distributed custody of IP
▪ Numerically increase coordinated research, involving academia, research organizations & industry to mitigate risks and enhance probabilities for the breakthrough
▪ Leverage IP to fund development of apparatus and application
▪ Invite Concerned & Passionate Mfg. Partners in select Countries, to initiate a ’Solar Furnace Program’ for research in Solar Fuels
▪ IP leveraged revenues, from Mfg. Partners in about 30 Countries, for Apparatus Development and Application Research
▪ Conservative estimates of US$ 3 Million/Country over 3 years
▪ Future revenues, if any (partnership terms), from any breakthrough: Phase II
▪ HTST & Mfg. Partners to jointly File and Grant Apparatus Patents in respective countries, manufacture for market & continue to jointly prototype larger apparatus for future use
When the Wind Blows . . . Some Build Walls, and Some Build Windmills ! Chinese Proverb
Empowering Avant-Garde AcademiaFor The Coming Future of Solar Fuels !
HIGH T EMPERATURE SOLAR T ECHNOLOGIESR E G : ‘ C H A M PA ’ 4 7 / 2 7 1 , C H I N C H WA D, P U N E 4 1 1 0 3 3 , M H , I N D I A
S I T E : D H A N N A , 6 4 / 4 D - 2 B LO C K , M I D C , C H I N C H WA D, P U N E 4 1 1 0 1 9 , I N D I A
E M A I L : H I T E M P S O L A R . C O M | C O N TA C T: + 9 1 9 8 2 2 0 5 3 1 5 4
