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FRENCH''INVESTISSEMENTD’AVENIR''PROGRAMPROJECTISITE-BFC(ANR-15-IDEX-0003)HERMES

PHDSUBJECT

TITLE

Theory,modelandapproachestothedesignofsmartproducts/systemsbyusing4Dprintingtechnologyandprogrammablematerials

KEYWORDS

Mereotopology;Ontology;Semantics;Productdesign;Smartmaterials;Additivemanufacturing;4Dprinting;Computer-AidedDesign.

PRESENTATIONOFTHERESEARCHLAB

ICB lab (Laboratoire InterdisciplinaireCarnotdeBourgogne) is a researchunitof theUniversitédeTechnology de Belfort-Montbéliard (UTBM). In this institute, COMM department works on thefollowingresearchissues:

• Proactivedesignofmechanicalsystemsbyusingthetheoryofspatiotemporalmereotopology,so as to provide a better integration, efficiency and flexibility in the product developmentprocess;

• Additive manufacturing and the different underlying processes and the development ofspecificmaterials.

Therefore,thisPhDthesisproposalispartofacross-sectoraltheme(designofproduct-process-materialinteractionincludingintelligence),fullyinnovativeregardingcurrentscientificissueswithintheinternationalcommunity.

DESCRIPTIONOFTHEPHDSUBJECT

Over the last two decades, manufacturing industry has been progressively forced to increaseproduct/system capabilities and compact its lifecycles by ensuring a certain level of flexibility andefficiency as competitive edges, especially in the development phase where design activities anddecisionshaveagreatimpactondownstreamprocesses(i.e.manufacturing,assembly,etc.).Thishasbeensuccessfullyachievedbyconsidering(i)thecaptureandintegrationoflifecycleconstraintsandknowledge(e.g.designforX–DFXspectrumapproaches,advancedComputerAidedDesign–CAD)inmechanical product design so as to deliver lifecycle friendly products, (ii) the integration of otherdisciplines such as electronic inmechatronic product design and (iii) the integration of computingcapabilityintheeraoftheInternetofThingsforconnectedobjects(seegreyboxesinFigure1).

Figure1showsthatsuchkindsofsystemhavegenerated interestingandfruitfulresults intermsoftheories, models, approaches and tools with a high level of maturity1 (from Levels 4 to 5). Onepromisingandemergingtrendconsistsinaugmentingsystems/productsresponsivenessandsmartnessoncemanufacturedregardinguserneeds,andthenincreasingtheirlifetimebyprovidingappropriate

1Level1:Ad-hoc;Level2:Repeatable;Level3:Defined;Level4:Managed;Level5:Optimizing.

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usageconfigurationinaspecificusecontextandenvironment(seeblueboxinFigure1).Overthelastfiveyears,theemergenceofsmartproducts/systems(i.e.products/systemsthatarecapabletoadaptto their environment, self-assemble, repair themselves, able to sense their environment and reactaccordinglyinaprogrammablemanner,etc.)andinnovativeadditivemanufacturingtechnologieshasrequiredtodeeplyrevisecurrentwell-establisheddesignandengineeringapproachessoastodeliverdynamic product definitions (i.e. product geometry embedding functional material and atransformationlogic)atvariouslevelsofdescription(i.e.building,mechanicalassembly,material,etc.).Suchinitiativesstillremainad-hocfromamaturitylevelpointofview,anddeservetobeintensivelyexploredintheupcomingyears.

Figure1.Evolutionofproductkindsandrelatedscientificchallenges,results,maturitylevel

ThisPhDproposalispartofamuchlargerproject–calledHERMES2(spatiotemporalsemanticsandlogical knowledge description ofmecHanical objEcts in the era of 4D pRinting and programmableMatter for nExt-generation of CAD systemS) – which falls under the scientific issue “Advancedmaterials/processesandsmartsystems”,andmainly focusesonthedevelopmentof theory,modeland approaches to the design of smart products/systems by using 4D printing technology andprogrammablematerials.Nowadays,theconceptof4Dprintingtechnologyisseenasanemergingandinnovativewaytobuildactive/responsiveandreversiblemechanicalstructuresbycombiningadditivemanufacturing capabilities and smart/functional materials, therefore providing an additionaldimensiontomanufacturedphysicalproducts/systems,time.

Thiscapabilityoffersinformationstorage,computationandtransformationinshapeand/ormaterialproperty.Oneimportantchallengeconsistsintacklingthelackofsupporttoensureshape/materialprogrammabilityintheearlydesignstagesaswellasphysicalcapabilitiesinfabrication.Inotherwords,

2Hermesisconsideredasagodoftransitionsandboundarieswiththeabilitytomovefreelybetweenworlds.

MECHANICAL PRODUCT

MECHATRONIC PRODUCT

CONNECTED OBJECTS

SMART SYSTEM

Major concern

Scientific issue

Satisfaction of customer need

Integration of downstream processes Integration of disciplines Integration of software

and hardware Integration of smart materials and additive manufacturing

Satisfaction of customer needs with feedback loop

Satisfaction of customer needs with feedback loop via

cloud technology

Satisfaction of needs in a scalable context (covering different lifecycle stages)

Main results

Maturity Level

Value engineering, DFX, CAD, PLM, Ontology, etc.

Building blocks, Mechatronic servo system control, Signal processing, Reliability, etc.

Internet of Things, Cloud computing,

Mobile network, Cyber security, etc.

None

Level 1 Ad-hoc

Level 5 Optimising

Level 4 Managed

Level 5 Optimising

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new design tools are needed to fully take advantage of the complex dynamics, multi-materialprogrammability,self-assemblyandself-reconfigurationbehaviors,anddomain-specificknowledge.Insuchaway,thefactofdesigningandmanufacturingprogrammableproducts/systems–abletoevolveindifferentcontexts(e.g.statetransformation,kinematic,form,etc.)toprovideanappropriateservicetothefinaluser–willrequireengineeringandmanufacturingresearcheffortsatdifferentlevels,suchas product/system level (mechanical structure to smart systems), process level (traditionalmanufacturingtoadditivemanufacturing)andmateriallevel(traditionalmaterialtosmartones).

Thedefinitionofphysicalobjectsandtheirrelationshipsoverspaceandtimerequiresacommonsenseengineering approach, also called transdisciplinary approach, that concerns and governs manydisciplines in a top-down fashion. Indeed, this crucial issue is currently tackled from variousperspectives in thedomainsof geomatics, computer science, engineeringandmaterials science tonameafew,butaharmonizationisneededtofullyembrace4Dprintingandprogrammablemattercapabilities.Actuallybothpromisingtechnologiesaddressthespatialchange(i.e.configuration,shapeandphysicalproperties)ofphysicalobjectsovertimebutwithspecificapproaches,whichneedtobealignedandadopted froma semanticand logicalpointof view for further computational issues indesignofsmartproducts/systems.

4Dprintingisbasedupontheinteractionofadditivemanufacturingandsmartmaterialssoastobuildactive/livingobjectswithexternal stimuli (e.g. temperature,pH, light,electricity,mechanical force,magnetic force, etc.). As for programmablematerial,matter has the ability to change its physicalproperties(e.g.shape,density,opticalproperties,etc.) inaplannedmannerbasedonautonomoussensing. Such promising concepts tackle a common issue but at different hierarchical levels (i.e.building,physicalobject,material,etc.).Therefore,itbecomesvitaltoestablishaconcretesemanticandlogicalfoundation,onwhichseveralstakeholdersfromvariousresearchfieldscanreferto.

Therefore,thisPhDproposalaimsatelaborating(i)astrongfoundationaltheoryenoughsuitableforcoveringthesemanticandlogicaldescriptionofdynamicalphenomenaknowledgeatvariousscales(i.e. territory/building,mechanicalassembly,material,etc.), (ii)amulti-layerontology for semanticandlogicalreasoning,onwhich(iii)computationalmechanismswillbedevelopedinordertodeliverdynamicalCADmodelsreadyfor4Dprinting.

ThisPhDwillbesupervisedbythreerepresentativeandcomplementaryactorswithkeycompetenciesin the Bourgogne Franche-Comté (BFC) region, leading cutting edges research efforts in: (i) thedescription of dynamical phenomena over time in geospatial environment (UB-Le2i3) and (ii) thespatiotemporalmereotopology-basedtheoryfordescribingtheevolutionofengineeringentitiesandtheirrelationshipsoverspaceandtimeformechanicalassembliesand4Dprintingapplications(UTBM-ICB4). Such supervision team will provide a great opportunity to share interest and developtransdisciplinaryknowledgeresearchtocomputationalchallengesonincreasingsmartnessofsystematvariousphysicallevels.

REFERENCES

(1) KhanM.T.H.,DemolyF.,KimK.-Y.,FormalontologyandCAD integrationwithmacroparametricapproach,Computer-AidedDesignandApplications,2017,Vol.14,No.1,pp.24-32.

(2) Gruhier E., Demoly F., Gomes S., A spatiotemporal information management framework for3LaboratoireElectronique,InformatiqueetImage.4LaboratoireInterdisciplinaireCarnotdeBourgogne.

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productdesignandassemblyprocessplanningreconciliation,Computers inIndustry,2017,Vol.90,pp.17-41.

(3) SossouG.,DemolyF.,MontavonG.,GomesS.,Towardsatop-downdesignmethodologyfor4Dprinting,21stInternationalConferenceonEngineeringDesign,Vol.5,21-25August2017.

(4) Gruhier E., Demoly F., Kim K.-Y., Abboudi S., Gomes S., A theoretical framework for productrelationshipsdescriptionoverspaceandtimeinintegrateddesign,JournalofEngineeringDesign,2016,Vol.27,Nos.4-6,pp.269-305.

(5) Gruhier E., Demoly F., Abboudi S., Gomes S., A formal ontology-based spatiotemporalmereotopology for integrated product design and assembly sequence planning, AdvancedEngineeringInformatics,2015,Vol.29,No.3,pp.495-512.

(6) DemolyF.,ToussaintL.,EynardB.,KiritsisD.,GomesS.,Geometricskeletoncomputationenablingconcurrentproductengineeringandassemblysequenceplanning,Computer-AidedDesign,2011,Vol.43,No.12,pp.1654-1673.

(7) Demoly F., Dutartre O., Yan X.-T., Eynard B., Kiritsis D., Gomes S. Product RelationshipsManagementEnablerforConcurrentEngineeringandproductlifecyclemanagement,ComputersinIndustry,2013,Vol.64,No.7,pp.833-848.

(8) DemolyF.,MatsokisA.,KiritsisD.,Amereotopologicalproductrelationshipdescriptionapproachforassemblyorienteddesign,RoboticsandComputer-IntegratedManufacturing,2012,Vol.28,No.1,pp.681-693.

(9) Harbelot B., Arenas H., Cruz C., LC3: A spatio-temporal and semantic model for knowledgediscoveryfromgeospatialdatasets,JournalofWebSemantics,2015,Vol.35,No.1,pp.3-24.

(10) PittetP.,CruzC.,NicolleC.,Anontologychangemanagementapproachforfacilitymanagement.ComputersinIndustry,2014,Vol.65,No.9,pp.1301-1315.

(11) TruongH.Q.,HmidaH.B.BoochsF.,HabedA.,CruzC.,VoisinY.,NicolleC.,AutomaticDetectionandClassicationofObjects inPointCloudsusingmulti-stageSemantics,PFGPhotogrammetrie,Fernerkundung, Geoinformation, Vol. 2013, No. 3, 2013, pp. 221-237, Publisher: E.Schweizerbart'scheVerlagsbuchhandlung.

SUPERVISORS

Dr.FrédéricDEMOLYHeadofProductdesignanddevelopmentbranchDeputyDirectorofS-martFranche-ComtéacademicsocietyICBUMR6303,CNRSMechanicalEngineeringandDesignDepartmentUniv.BourgogneFranche-Comté,UTBMTél.:+33(0)384583955F-90010BELFORTCedex,Francefrederic.demoly@utbm.fr

Dr.ChristopheCRUZHeadofSmartEnvironmentdepartmentLaboratoireLE2I–FRE2005IUTDijon-Auxerre,Départ.Informatique,UBFCchristophe.cruz@ubfc.fr

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Prof.SamuelGOMESHeadofICB-COMMdepartmentHeadofMechanicalEngineeringandDesigndepartmentICBUMR6303,CNRSUniv.BourgogneFranche-Comté,UTBMsamuel.gomes@utbm.fr

APPLICATION(DEPENDINGONTHETYPEOFPOSITION)

Pleasesendthefollowingdocuments(allinonePDFfile)bye-mailtojob-application@ubfc.fr:

1) For EUcandidates: Copyof yournational ID cardorof yourpassportpagewhereyourphotoisprinted.Fornon-EUcandidates:Copyofyourpassportpagewhereyourphotoisprinted.

2) CurriculumVitae(1page).3) Letterofmotivationrelativelytotheposition(1page).4) CopyofyourMasterdegreeifalreadyavailable.

Copyofyourfinalmarksandranks.5) Coordinatesofreferencepersons(maximum3,atleastyourmasterthesissupervisor):

Title,Name,organization,e-mail.Ifyouhavequestionsregardingtheapplication,pleasecontactthesupervisors.

6) Coordinatesofreferencepersons(maximum3,atleastyourmasterthesissupervisor):

Title,Name,organization,e-mail.Ifyouhavequestionsregardingtheapplication,pleasecontactthesupervisors.