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Fungal Diseases in Mango

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Major Diseases in Mango

Powdery mildew

Sooty mould

Anthracnose

Die back

Stalk End rot

Red rust

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Powdery Mildew (Oidium Magiferae)

Powdery mildew is one of the most serious diseases of mango affecting

almost all the varieties in all mango growing areas.

It causes approximately 20% crop loss in Maharashtra.

Sometimes as high as 70-80 per cent crop loss has been recorded on

individual plant basis.

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Symptoms

The affected flowers and fruits drop prematurely reducing the crop load considerably or might even prevent the fruit set.

The characteristic symptom of the disease is the white superficial powdery fungal growth on leaves, stalks of panicles, flowers and young fruits.

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Rains or mists accompanied by cooler nights during flowering are

congenial for the disease spread.

Favorable Conditions

The fungus parasitizes young tissues of all parts of

the inflorescence, leaves and fruits.

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Management practices

Spray the following fungicides at 15 days interval for effective control

of the disease:

Wet table sulphur 0.2 per cent

(2 g /1lit.water)

Tridemorph 0.1 per cent

(1 ml / lit. water ).

Dinocap 0.1 per cent

(1 ml / lit. water).

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Sooty mould (Meliola mangiferae)

Symptoms:

The severity of infection depends on the honey dew secretion

by the above said insects.

Honey dew secretions from insects sticks to the leaf surface

and provide medium for fungal growth.

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Common in most of the orchards

In severe cases the trees turn completely

black due to the presence of mould over the

entire surface of twigs and leaves.

Presence of a black velvety coating (sooty

mould)on the leaf surface

Transmission by Insect vectors

Mealy bug

Scale insect

Hoppers

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Pruning of affected branches and their prompt destruction prevents the

spread of the disease.

Spraying of 2 per cent starch is found effective.

It could also be controlled by spray of Nottasul + Metacin + gumacasea

(0.2% + 0.1% + 0.3%).

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Anthracnose

The disease causes serious losses to young shoots, leaves stem, flowers

and fruits under favorable climatic conditions of high humidity, frequent rains

and a temperature of 24-32oC.

The disease produces leaf spot, blossom blight, wither tip, twig blight and

fruit rot symptoms.

Tender shoots and foliage are easily affected which ultimately cause ‘die

back’ of young branches

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Symptoms

Flowers:

Infections on the panicles (flower

clusters) start as small black or dark-

brown spots.

These can enlarge, coalesce and

kill the flowers.

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Prominent dark-brown to black

decay spots or “tear stains”.

Fruit infections are common and

can create severe decay of fruits

Fruits:

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Infections leaf as small,

angular, brown to black

spots.

Leaves:

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Stem:

Dark-colored to black lesions

can form on green stem

tissues.

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Spray twice with Carbendazim (0.1%) at 15 days

interval during flowering to control blossom

infection.

Spray Copper fungicides (0.3%) for

the control of foliar infection.

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Die Back(Botryodiplodia theobromae )Symptoms:

The disease is characterized by drying of twigs and

branches followed by complete defoliation, which gives

the tree an appearance of scorching by fire.

Disease occurs on the branches/ trunk of infested

trees that start drying slowly at first and branches

become completely dried / killed, resulting gummy

substance oozes out or remains hanging on the tree

.

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The young green twigs start withering first at the

base and then extending outwards along the

veins of leaf edges.

The affected leaf turns brown and its margins

roll upwards. Leaves scorch and fall, leaving a

dead branch.

In severe conditions, branches start drying one

after another in a sequence resulting in death of

the whole tree.

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Management Practices

Prune the diseased twigs and spray with Copper oxychloride (0.3%) on

infected trees.

Pruning should be done in such a way that the twigs are removed 2-3

inches below the affected portion.

In small plants, pruning of twigs is followed by pasting of Copper

oxychloride

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Red rust (Cephaleuros virescens)

Disease, caused by an alga, has been observed in mango growing

areas.

The algal attack causes reduction in photosynthetic activity and

defoliation of leaves thereby lowering vitality of the host plant.

The disease is more common in closely planted orchards.

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Symptoms

Rusty red spots mainly on leaves

and sometimes on petioles and

bark of young twigs and is

epiphytic in nature

The spots are greenish grey in color

and velvety in texture, later they turn

reddish brown

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Management Practices

Two to three sprays of Copper oxychloride

(0.3%) control the disease

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To sum up

• Fungal diseases are adversely affect the yield and quality of fruits.it may be occur in leaves, twigs, stem and fruits. They are powdery mildew, sooty mould, anthracnose, red rust, die back, stalk end rot.

• Powdery mildew – white powdery growth on leaf surface, stalks of panicles, flowers and young fruits - application wettable sulphur 0.2%

• Sooty mould – presence of a black velvety coating – spraying of 2% starch

• Anthracnose – Prominent dark-brown to black decay spots on leaves, flowers, fruits and twigs - Sprayed twice with Bavistin (0.1%) at 15 days interval

• Red rust – Rusty red spots on leaves - three sprays of Copper oxychloride (0.3%)

• Die back – Affected plants, twigs die from the tips back into old wood - Prune the diseased twigs and spray with Copper oxychloride (0.3%)

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