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FRBR, RDA and other acronyms:is this the end of cataloguing as we
know it?
Gordon DunsireDepute Director, Centre for Digital Library Research
University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, Scotland
Presented to staff of Cambridge University Library, Cambridge22 Jul 2009
RDA
Resource Description and AccessA new standard for creating bibliographic
metadataBased on the Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules
In development since 1841 (Panizzi’s rules for the British Museum)
And FRBR and other more modern stuffFunctional Requirements for Bibliographic RecordsDeveloped by the International Federation of Library
Associations and Institutions (IFLA)Published 1998
User-centred features of RDA (1)
Improves the FRBRizability of cataloguesCovers all types of user
Those who need to find, identify, select, obtain and use information, and manage and organize information bibliographically
Covers all mediaPrint-based, digital; textual, visual, etc.
Equal, even treatment gives more control to the user in finding and choosing the most appropriate resources
FRBRisation
Work
Expression 1
Manifestation 1.1
Item 1.1.1
Expression 2
Manifestation 2.1 Manifestation 2.2
Item 2.1.1 Item 2.2.1 Item 2.2.2
Is realised through
Is embodied in
Is exemplified by
Symphony no.1
LSO performance
DVD-A
Copy on shelf
User-centred features of RDA (2)
Clearly distinguishes content from carrierE.g. Moving pictures on DVD; text on CD-ROMHelpful for users with special needs
E.g. restrict search to non-visual resources
MultinationalAnglo-centricity (and cataloguer-eccentricity)
removedAbbreviations and acronyms avoidedLatinisms removed
Farewell s.n., s.l., et al.
[Still arguing about square brackets!]
User-centred features of RDA (3)
Independent of technical metadata formatsCan be used with MARC, DC (Dublin Core)
And a whole bunch of other acronyms
Gives user familiar metadata regardless of what system is used
Designed for the digital environmentRDA will be published as an online product
So could be incorporated in user help facilitiesE.g. How a “preferred title for the work” (uniform title) is
derived
Cataloguer-centred features of RDA (1)
Online product designed to interface and integrate with cataloguing modulesWork-flow integration will give step-by-step and
contextual access to content rulesPossibility of adding local examplesPossibility of “myRDA”, removing unwanted rules
and unused optionsLMS vendors being kept informedAvoidance of repetitive strain injury
Looking for that rule on corporate body main entry in AARC2
Cataloguer-centred features of RDA (2)
More emphasis on cataloguer’s judgmentGuidelines rather than “rules”
Rules grouped by bibliographic element rather than format
Bibliographic elements related to FRBR entities (related to user tasks)Why am I recording this information?
Authority control includedGenerally compatible with AACR
A problem
Humans are very good at processing informationCreation, analysis, synthesis, communication
Some say this is what defines us
We have invented machines to process dataFaster, globally, non-stop
The result is the information eruptionThe Web: a continual explosion
Information professionals cannot keep upWe need our machines to process metadata
Semantic Web
“… an evolving extension of the [WWW] in which the semantics of information and services on the web is defined, making it possible for the web to understand and satisfy the requests of people and machines to use the web content.”Wikipedia, English, 10.08 15 Jul 2009
The basic building block is Resource Description Framework (RDF)
Resource Description Framework (RDF)
Simple metadata statements in the form of subject-predicate-object expressions, called triplesE.g. “This presentation” – “has creator” – “Gordon
Dunsire”
“presentation” and “creator” are metadata structure termsClasses and properties
“this ...” and “Gordon Dunsire” are metadata content termsInstances or values
Machine-processing
RDF is about making machine-processable statements, requiringA machine-processable language for representing
RDF statementsExtensible Markup Language (XML)
A system of machine-processable identifiers for resources (subjects, predicates, objects)
Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) For full machine-processing, an RDF statement is
a set of three URIs
Identifiers
Things requiring identification (a URI):Subject “This presentation”
e.g. its electronic location (URL): http://cdlr.strath.ac.uk/pubs/dunsireg/CambridgeULRDA.pps
Predicate “has creator”e.g. http://purl.org/dc/terms/creator
Object “Gordon Dunsire”e.g. URI of entry in Library of Congress Name Authority
File: http://errol.oclc.org/laf/nb2001-72552.html
Declaring vocabularies/values as “namespaces” in Semantic Web applications provides URIs
RDA in RDF (part 1)
<?xml version="1.0" encoding = "UTF-8"?><rdf:RDF xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#" xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" xmlns:rdfs="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#" xmlns:skos="http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:reg="http://metadataregistry.org/uri/schema/registry/">
:<!-- NOTICE: This is a single-concept fragment -->:<!-- Scheme: RDA Content Type -->:<skos:ConceptScheme rdf:about="http://RDVocab.info/termList/RDAContentType">::<dc:title>RDA Content Type</dc:title>:</skos:ConceptScheme>
XML namespaces
SKOS
NSDL Registry
Vocabulary URI
RDA in RDF (part 2)
:<!-- Concept: spoken word -->:<skos:Concept rdf:about="http://RDVocab.info/termList/RDAContentType/1013" xml:lang="en">::<skos:inScheme rdf:resource="http://RDVocab.info/termList/RDAContentType"/>::<reg:status rdf:resource="http://metadataregistry.org/uri/RegStatus/1002"/>::<skos:prefLabel xml:lang="en">spoken word</skos:prefLabel>::<skos:definition xml:lang="en">Content expressed through language in an audible form.</skos:definition>::<skos:scopeNote xml:lang="en">Includes recorded readings, recitations, speeches, interviews, oral histories, etc., computer-generated speech, etc.</skos:scopeNote>::<skos:prefLabel xml:lang="de">gesprochene Worte</skos:prefLabel> <skos:scopeNote xml:lang="de">Umfasst aufgezeichnete Lesungen, Rezitationen, Reden, Interviews, mündliche Überlieferungen usw. und maschinell erzeugte Sprache.</skos:scopeNote>::<skos:definition xml:lang="de">Inhalt, der durch Sprache in einer hörbaren Form ausgedrückt wird.</skos:definition>:</skos:Concept>
Term URI
Term
Definition
Term (German)Registry status term URI
RDA in RDF (part 3)
:<!-- Status properties used in this document -->:<skos:Concept rdf:about="http://metadataregistry.org/uri/RegStatus/1002">::<skos:prefLabel xml:lang="en">New-Proposed</skos:prefLabel>:</skos:Concept></rdf:RDF
Registry status term URI
Registry status term
A short history
of the evolution
of the library catalogue record
Lee, T. B.
Cataloguing has a future. - Audio disc
(Spoken word). - Donated by the author.
1. Metadata
In the beginning ...
... the catalogue card
Author:
Title:
Content type:
Provenance:
Subject:
Lee, T. B.
Cataloguing has a future
Spoken word
Audio disc
Metadata
Donated by the author
Carrier type:
From flat-file record ...
... to relational record
Name:
Biography:
...
Name authority
Term:
Definition:
...
Subject authority
Bibliographic description
Author:
Title:
Content type:
Provenance:
Subject:
Lee, T. B.
Cataloguing has a future
Spoken word
Audio disc
MetadataDonated by the author
Carrier type:
From flat-file description ...
... to FRBR record
Name:
Biography:
...
Name authority
Term:
Definition:
...
Subject authority
Bibliographic description
Item
Manifestation
Author:
Content type:
Subject:
Spoken word
Expression
Work
Lee, T. B.
Metadata
From FRBR record ...
... to extinction!
Name:
Name authority
Term:
Subject authority
Item
Manifestation
Expression
Work
Provenance: Donated by the author
Subject:
Author:
Title: Cataloguing has a future
Content type: Spoken word
Audio discCarrier type:Term:
RDA content type
Term:
RDA carrier type
Donor:
Title:
Amazon/Publisher
Where is the record?
Implicit, not explicitEverywhere and nowhere
A semantic Web will allow machines to create the record just-in-timeWe will not have to maintain records just-in-case
The user will have control over the presentationI want to see an archive or library or museum or
Amazon or Google or Flickr or ? display
And by avoiding duplication, we can all get on with describing new stuff ...
The hyperdimensional (Tardis) card
Lee, T. B.
Cataloguing has a future. - Audio disc
(Spoken word). - Donated by the author.
1. Metadata
Audio shop
Lee MuseumSpoken word archive
W3C Library
“TARDIS four port USB hub, for office-bound Time Lords:
Open a time vortex on your desk” – Pocket-lint
Linking communities
FRBRooCRM
ISBDFRBR
RDAMARC
RDADC
RDAFRBR
RDAONIXFRBRooFRBR
Everything is connected
FRBRooCRM FRBR
RDAONIX
DC
MARC
ISBD
… at the community (human) and technical (Semantic Web) levels
