Upload
molly-conley
View
223
Download
0
Tags:
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
FRANCESCANGEL I 2014
BIOLOGY MIDTERM REVIEW
BIOLOGY REVIEW
1. These organic compounds are the main fuel supply for cellular work?
Glucose (sugar)
BIOLOGY REVIEW
2. What effect do enzymes have on chemical reactions?
They lower the activation energy of the reactions.
BIOLOGY REVIEW
3. These substances accelerate the rate of chemical reactions:
Catalysts
BIOLOGY REVIEW
4. What are the key characteristics of enzymes?
They are proteins; affected by temperature changes; work best at a specific pH.
BIOLOGY REVIEW
5. What is calculated to determine the total magnification of a microscope?
Eye piece power X objective lenses
BIOLOGY REVIEW
6. How do eukaryotes and prokaryotes differ from one another?
Eukaryotes: nucleus, large/complex cells – protists, fungi, animals, plants.
Prokaryotes: no nucleus, small/simple cells – archaea and bacteria.
BIOLOGY REVIEW
7. Describe what will happen to the molecules of a solution when the concentration on each side is the same:
Continue to move across the membrane in both directions (*maintain equilibrium)
BIOLOGY REVIEW
8. What effect will osmosis have on an animal cell that is surrounded by fresh water? Salt water?
Fresh water: cell will burst; water moves in.
Salt water: cell will shrivel; water moves out.
BIOLOGY REVIEW
9. How do plant cells differ from animal cells?
Plants contain: cell wall, chloroplast, large central vacuole.
BIOLOGY REVIEW
10. What organelles in the body produce proteins?
Ribosomes
BIOLOGY REVIEW
11. What are some of the functions of the mitochondria in cells?
Produce energy (ATP) for the working cells/tissues in the body.
BIOLOGY REVIEW
12. List the main principles of The Cell Theory:
-Cells are the basic units of life.-All living things are made up of cells.-All cells come from existing cells.
BIOLOGY REVIEW
13. What does it mean when a membrane is ‘selectively permeable’?
Certain molecules can pass, others cannot.
BIOLOGY REVIEW
14. What is the function of the cell membrane?
To regulate which materials enter/exit the cell.
BIOLOGY REVIEW
15. Which structures are found in plant cells, but not in animal cells?
Chloroplast and cell wall.
BIOLOGY REVIEW
16. What is the function of the cell wall?
Protection and support its shape.
BIOLOGY REVIEW
17. What is happening during diffusion?
Net movement of molecules from an area of [high] to [low].
BIOLOGY REVIEW
18. What is osmosis?
Passive transport of water across a selectively permeable membrane. Water will move from where there is a [low] of solute to the [high] solute.
BIOLOGY REVIEW
19. Describe active transport:
Transport of particles requiring energy. Moves across concentration gradient (from low to high).
BIOLOGY REVIEW
20. Describe the structural make-up of the cell membrane (head/tail):
Hydrophobic tails and hydrophilic heads.
BIOLOGY REVIEW
21. The main purpose of cellular respiration is to:
Produce ATP.
BIOLOGY REVIEW
22. How is energy released from an ATP molecule?
When a phosphate group is removed from ATP.
BIOLOGY REVIEW
23. The correct sequence of cellular respiration is:
Glycolysis – Krebs – Electron Transport Chain
BIOLOGY REVIEW
24. Describe how the reactants/products are related between cellular respiration and photosynthesis:
Photosynthesis uses carbon dioxide; Cellular respiration produces it.
BIOLOGY REVIEW
25. What does ‘aerobic’ and ‘anaerobic’ mean?
Aerobic – requires oxygen.
Anaerobic – does not require oxygen.
BIOLOGY REVIEW
26. In the presence of oxygen, glycolysis is followed by ____ during cellular respiration:
Krebs cycle
BIOLOGY REVIEW
27. The overall products of photosynthesis:
Oxygen and Glucose (sugar)
BIOLOGY REVIEW
28. What are the overall products of photosynthesis?
Oxygen + Glucose (sugar)
BIOLOGY REVIEW
29. Why do most plants appear green?
Green light is reflected.
BIOLOGY REVIEW
30. What effect does carbon dioxide have on a plant’s production of sugar?
Decrease in carbon dioxide production = decrease in sugar output.
BIOLOGY REVIEW
31. Following interphase, what are signs that mitosis has begun?
-Nuclear envelope begins to disappear.-Chromatin condenses (becomes visible).-Spindle fibers form.
BIOLOGY REVIEW
32. How does meiosis differ from mitosis?
Mitosis – produces 2 genetically identical diploid daughter cells.
Meiosis – produces 4 genetically different haploid daughter cells.
BIOLOGY REVIEW
33. Diagram the different stages of mitosis:
BIOLOGY REVIEW
34. The exchanging of genetic information between homologous chromosomes is known as?
Crossing over
BIOLOGY REVIEW
35. Which type of cell goes through mitosis? Meiosis?
Mitosis – somatic cells.Meiosis – gametes (sex cells).
BIOLOGY REVIEW
36. What is a hypothesis?
An educated guess that can be TESTED.
BIOLOGY REVIEW
37. Why is it important to include a control group while conducting an experiment?
To record/determine if any changes have taken place.
BIOLOGY REVIEW
38. What is the difference between a dependent variable and independent variable?
Independent variable – X-axis; being tested.
Dependent variable – Y-axis; values change.
BIOLOGY REVIEW
39. Be able to diagram an X/Y chart with the appropriate and labels.
The effect coffee has on heart rate.Cups of coffee vs. heart rate.
BIOLOGY REVIEW
40. What is the difference between hypertonic, hypotonic, and isotonic solutions – illustrations may be useful.
Hypertonic – solution with a [higher] of solute; cell shrinks.Hypotonic – solution with a [lower] of solute; cell swells.Isotonic – solution with [equal] of solute; no net movement.
BIOLOGY REVIEW
HYPERTONICHYPOTONIC ISOTONIC
BIOLOGY REVIEW
41. What role do vesicles have on cells?
Sacs that help move particles in/out/around the cell.
BIOLOGY REVIEW
42. What role do vacuoles have on cells?
Storage of undigested nutrients.
BIOLOGY REVIEW
43. Describe the difference between endocytosis and exocytosis:
Exocytosis – exporting materials OUT of a cell.
Endocytosis – takes materials INTO cell.