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Four Rules Update

All4 Inc. Air Quality Training Seminar

Montgomery, AL

December 7, 2010

John P. EganAll4 Inc.

22

Four Rules Update

CISWI Rule

Boiler MACT Rules

DSW Rule

Area Major

33

Four Rules Update Agenda Regulatory background Definition of solid waste Commercial and industrial solid

waste incinerator (CISWI) rule Major and area source boiler MACT

rules What next

44

Regulatory Background Boiler MACT:

• CAA §112 requires MACT for source categories

• Part 63 NESHAP, Subpart DDDDD promulgated for major source ICI Boilers September 2004

• Original rule compliance date September 2007

• Regulated PM (or TSM), HCl, CO, and Hg

55

Regulatory Background CISWI:

• CAA §129 requires MACT type standards for CISWI units

• Part 60 NSPS/EGs, Subparts CCCC and DDDD promulgated for CISWI units December 2000

• Original rule compliance date December 2005 or 3 years after SIP approval

• Regulated Cd, CO, D/F, HCl, Pb, Hg, NOX, PM, SO2, and opacity

66

Regulatory Background Definition of Solid Waste (DSW):

• Following promulgation of 2000 CISWI rule U.S. EPA granted a petition for reconsideration related to key definitions that limited the universe of CISWI units

• CISWI rule defined commercial and industrial waste as solid waste combusted in an enclosed device…without energy recovery

• EPA accepted a voluntary remand of the CISWI rule without vacatur

77

Regulatory Background DSW (cont’d):

• September 2005 U.S. EPA issued a final “CISWI Definitions Rule” to respond to petition and solidify exclusion for units that combust waste with heat recovery

• November 2005 environmental groups file a petition for review of the CISWI Definitions Rule

88

Regulatory Background July 2007 U.S. Circuit Court of

Appeals for District of Columbia remanded and vacated the Boiler MACT and CISWI Definitions rules

Yikes!!!

99

Regulatory Background June 2010 U.S. EPA formally

publishes proposed new regulations to:• Respond to 2000 voluntary remand of

CISWI Rule• Respond to 2007 court ordered remand

and vacatur of Boiler MACT and CISWI Definitions rules

• Address the 5-year §129 technology review

• Establish area source boiler MACT/GACT as required by CAA §112

1010

DSW Proposed Rule New RCRA Section 40 CFR Part 241 –

“Identification of Non-Hazardous Secondary Materials That Are Solid Wastes When Used As Fuels or Ingredients In Combustion Units”

Purpose to clarify:• Solid Wastes

CAA Section 129 (CISWI)• Legitimate Fuels

CAA Section 112 (Boiler MACT)

1111

1212

DSW Solid Waste Exclusions Traditional Fuels:

• Fossil Fuels• Fossil Fuel Derivatives• Clean Cellulosic Biomass

Exclusions listed at 40 CFR 261.4:• Pulping Liquors• Select refinery and coking byproducts• Kraft mill steam stripper condensate• 22 other exemptions

1313

DSW Non-Waste Determination Control of the Generator Sufficiently Processed Case-by-Case Petition

1414

DSW Sufficiently Processed Remove or Destroy

Contaminants Improve Fuel Characteristics Improve As-Fired Energy Content Improve Ingredient

Characteristics Minimal operations like

shredding do not constitute sufficient processing

Self Implementing

1515

DSW Legitimacy Criteria -- Fuels Valuable commodity Storage period Management consistent with an

analogous fuel Protective of the environment Meaningful heat value (>5,000

Btu/lb) Combustion unit recovers energy Comparable or lower contaminant

levels

1616

1717

DSW Legitimacy Criteria -- Ingredients

Managed as valuable commodities Useful ingredient contribution Valuable product(s) produced Comparable contaminant levels

1818

CISWI Section 129 Rule Basics All sources (size does not matter) Standards set for opacity and nine (9)

pollutants:• Cd, CO, PCDD/PCDF, HCl, Pb, Hg, NOX,

PM/PM2.5, and SO2

Operator training Siting Requirements Modification per 40 CFR Part 60,

Subpart A

1919

CISWI Applicability/Subcategories Determined by the definition of

solid waste Incinerators Energy Recovery Units Waste-Burning Kilns Burn-Off Oven Small Remote Incinerators

2020

CISWI Exclusions & Exemptions Qualifying Small Power

Production Facilities Qualifying Cogeneration Facilities Metals Recovery Facilities Hazardous Waste Combustion

Units Other previous exemptions have

been removed

2121

CISWI EG Implementation SchedulePromulgated Rule

Published in Federal Register

Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5

State Plans dueto EPA

Latest ComplianceDate

Federal PlanCompliance Date

EPA ApprovesState Plan

(moving target)

Compliance Date(≤ 3 years fromEPA approval)

Federal PlanProposed

Federal PlanPromulgated

Year -1

Proposed Rule Published in

Federal Register (June 4, 2010)

2222

CISWI NSPS Implementation SchedulePromulgated Rule

Published in Federal Register

Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5

Compliance date for New Units

(6 months frompromulgation)

Year -1

Proposed Rule Published in

Federal Register (June 4, 2010)

“New Unit” Date

2323

CISWI - What should you be doing?

Promulgated Rule Published in

Federal Register

Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5

State Plans dueto EPA

Latest ComplianceDate

Federal PlanCompliance Date

EPA ApprovesState Plan

(moving target)

Compliance Date(≤ 3 years fromEPA approval)

Federal PlanProposed

Federal PlanPromulgated

Year -1

Proposed Rule Published in

Federal Register

Educate yourself. Consider

Commenting.

Participate in State Plan process.

Develop Compliance

Strategy.Potential AQ Construction

Permitting Activities.

Compliance Testing

Activities.

Potential Retrofit/ Monitor Upgrade

Activities.

Understand Final Rule.

2424

Boiler MACT Applicability Major Source / Area Source Boiler or Process Heater Not Specifically Exempt Combust Traditional Fuels:

• Fossil Fuels• Fossil Fuel Derivatives• Clean Cellulosic Biomass

2525

Boiler MACT Major SourceRegulated Pollutant → Surrogate

Mercury (Hg) Non-Mercury

Metallic HAP Non-Metallic

Inorganic HAP Non-Dioxin

Organic HAP Dioxins/Furans

(D/F)

→

→

→

→

→

None

Particulate Matter (PM)

Hydrochloric Acid (HCl)

Carbon Monoxide (CO)

None

2626

Boiler MACT Area SourceRegulated Pollutant → Surrogate

Mercury (Hg) Non-Mercury

Metallic HAP Organic HAP

(including D/F)

→

→

→

None

Particulate Matter (PM)

Carbon Monoxide (CO)

2727

Boiler MACT Emission Limits New, Reconstructed, or Existing Fuel Fired (Coal, Biomass, Liquid,

Gaseous) Boiler Size Boiler Type (Stoker, Fluidized Bed,

Suspensions Burners/Dutch Ovens, Fuel Cells, Liquid Fuels, Gaseous Fuels)

2828

Boiler MACT Fuel Categories Coal - ≥ 10% heat input from coal on

annual basis. Biomass - ≥ 10% heat input from biomass

and < 10% heat input from coal on annual basis.

Liquid - ≥ 10% heat input from liquid and < 10% heat input from solid fuel on annual basis.

Gaseous - combusts gaseous fuel and < 10% liquid or solid heat input on annual basis.

2929

Boiler MACT Emission StandardsNew Units Proposed MACT Vacated MACT

PM

Oil-Fired 0.002 lb/MMBtu 0.030 lb/MMBtu

Coal-Fired 0.001 lb/MMBtu 0.025 lb/MMBtu

Wood-Fired 0.008 lb/MMBtu 0.025 lb/MMBtu

CO

Oil-Fired 1 ppmvd @ 3% O2 400 ppmvd @ 3% O2

Coal-Fired 90 ppmvd @ 3% O2 400 ppmvd @ 7% O2

3030

Boiler MACT Compliance Strategy Major vs. Minor Emission Averaging Fuel Sampling Fuel Switching Health-Based Compliance Alternative

(HBCA)?

3131

Boiler MACT Emission Averaging PM, HCl, or Hg Affected Existing Boiler and Same

Subcategory • 10% Discount Factor

Common Stack Provisions Emission Averaging Plan

3232

Boiler MACT Fuel Sampling Available for Hg & HCl Determine “Worst-Case” Fuel Mixture Statistical Analyses Recordkeeping Fuel Sampling & Analysis Plan

3333

Boiler MACT Plans Emission Averaging Plan Site-Specific Test Plan Site-Specific Monitoring Plan Fuel Sampling & Analysis Plan Energy Assessment

3434

Boiler MACT Energy Assessment Area and Major Sources Cost-Effective Conservation

Measures What Equipment? Energy Management Program (Major

Only)

3535

Boiler SSM Plans & Reports No SSM Exemptions No SSM Plan Requirement No Periodic SSM Plan Report

3636

CISWI & Boiler MACT Planning Notification Requirements Ongoing Monitoring & Testing Recordkeeping & reporting

3737

What Next? U.S. EPA under court ordered

deadline to finalize CISWI and Boiler MACT rules by December 16, 2010.

In response to comments on proposed rules U.S. EPA sent out additional ICRs.

Court deadline for final rules extended to January 14, 2011.

3838

Latest Info Some roll back expected on

stringency of standards. No word yet on final approach for

defining solid waste – clarifying boiler vs. CISWI.

U.S. EPA to provide a status report this afternoon at AWMA info exchange.